Demystifying the Hypocrisy of ＂Security Guard＂

　　The United States seeks hegemony, maintains hegemony, and abuses hegemony, which is deeply harmful

　　Demystifying the Hypocrisy of "Security Guard"

　　中央纪委国家监委网站 柴雅欣 薛鹏

　　5月4日，国家计算机病毒应急处理中心和360公司联合发布了一份调查报告，揭秘美国中央情报局（CIA）利用网络攻击他国的相关情况，披露部分发生在中国和其他国家的网络安全典型案事件的具体过程，全面深入分析CIA的网络攻击窃密和相关现实危害活动，以及其对美国成为“黑客帝国”所做的贡献。

　　报告披露的大量发生在中国和其他国家的真实案例，是CIA在全球长期发动网络攻击行为、破坏全球网络安全的又一实例。以所谓“网络安全”为由头大搞“小圈子”，制造分裂和对抗；以所谓“公共安全”为借口大肆监听，侵犯隐私权；以所谓“技术安全”为幌子实施技术封锁，损害发展权……美国霸权之手伸向方方面面，自诩为“安全卫士”的美国已经给全球安全和发展造成系统性危害。

　　在全球制造混乱动荡，CIA用5种手段在超50国策划“颜色革命”

　　该份报告开宗明义指出，长期以来，CIA在世界各地秘密实施“和平演变”和“颜色革命”，持续进行间谍窃密活动。

　　“颜色革命”是美国实现地缘政治和经济目标的惯用手段，它以推动反西方政权更迭为目标，通过不断煽风点火，加剧政府与民众对抗，最终颠覆政权，将目标国纳入美国主导的全球政治经济秩序和安全秩序。

　　从20世纪80年代国际社会主义阵营遭受冲击、90年代初苏东剧变到2003年格鲁吉亚“玫瑰革命”，从2004年乌克兰“橙色革命”到2005年吉尔吉斯斯坦“郁金香革命”，从2011年西亚北非国家“阿拉伯之春”到2014年乌克兰“二次颜色革命”等，都被国际机构和世界各地学者认定为由美国主导的“颜色革命”典型案例。据统计，数十年来，CIA至少推翻或试图推翻超过50个他国合法政府（而CIA只承认其中的7起），在相关国家引发动乱。

　　“长期以来，美国打着‘民主、自由、人权’的幌子，在世界各地扶持亲美势力，煽动‘颜色革命’，制造分裂对抗，导致一些国家政权更迭，陷入政治动荡、经济凋敝、民生困苦的泥淖。美国的所作所为，严重危害世界和平、稳定与发展。”复旦大学中国研究院院长张维为撰文指出。

　　进入二十一世纪以来，互联网的快速发展给CIA的渗透颠覆和捣乱破坏活动提供了新的机遇，全球各地使用美国互联网设备和软件产品的机构和个人成为CIA的傀儡“特工”，帮助该机构迅速成为网络谍报战中的耀眼“明星”。

　　该份报告披露CIA在全球各地策划组织实施大量“颜色革命”事件的主要技术手段，其中包括一款被称为“蜂拥”的非传统政权更迭技术，用于推动通过互联网联接的年轻人加入“打一枪换一个地方”的流动性抗议活动。

　　“CIA利用网络技术，在各国网络空间中散布虚假信息，操纵‘阿拉伯之春’等‘颜色革命’，颠覆多国政权，给各国带来严重经济损失和社会动荡。”中国现代国际关系研究院科技与网络安全研究所助理研究员周宁南举例，如以突尼斯自焚事件引起的“阿拉伯之春”运动，导致100多万人死亡，对基础设施造成近1万亿美元损失，1500多万人沦为难民。在此前被认为是“阿拉伯之春”所谓成功典范的突尼斯，该国GDP自2010年以来一直停滞不前，人均GDP甚至从每年4000美元下降到3600美元。

　　中国境内多起典型网络攻击事件均提取到与CIA紧密关联的木马程序、功能插件和攻击平台样本

　　“在现已发现的专门针对中国境内目标实施的网络攻击行动中，我们成功提取了多个‘Vault7’（穹顶7）网络攻击武器样本，多个东南亚国家和欧洲的合作伙伴也提取到了几乎完全相同的样本。”报告指出。

　　2020年，360公司独立发现一个从未被外界曝光的网络攻击组织，该组织使用与CIA相关联的网络武器工具，针对中国和其他国家受害目标实施网络攻击，攻击活动最早可以追溯到2011年，相关攻击一直延续至今。被攻击目标涉及各国重要信息基础设施、航空航天、科研机构、石油石化、大型互联网公司以及政府机构等诸多方面。

　　报告显示，在针对中国境内多起典型网络攻击事件的调查过程中，联合调查组从受害单位信息网络中捕获并成功提取了一大批与CIA紧密关联的木马程序、功能插件和攻击平台样本。

　　近年来，美国对中国进行了大规模、长时间、系统性网络攻击，严重危害中国关键基础设施安全、海量个人数据安全以及商业和技术秘密。比如，2022年6月，西北工业大学发布声明称遭到网络攻击。后经调查发现，美方先后使用41种专用网络攻击武器装备，对西北工业大学发起攻击窃密行动上千次，窃取了一批核心技术数据。调查还发现，美国国家安全局（NSA）下属TAO对中国国内的网络目标实施了上万次的恶意网络攻击，控制了数以万计的网络设备（网络服务器、上网终端、网络交换机、电话交换机、路由器、防火墙等），窃取了超过140GB的高价值数据。

　　在周宁南看来，美国技术霸权加剧全球网络安全困境。美国几乎可以对全球网络设备进行网络攻击、网络渗透，CIA的网络武器“穹顶7”已在中国、欧洲、东南亚等国部署，发动无差别的网络攻击，损害各国主权，并24小时监控各国受害者，侵犯各国公民隐私等人权。美国对网络攻击武器的管理不负责任，CIA、NSA网络武器在网络上扩散，是勒索攻击等全球网络安全威胁的始作俑者。

　　“美国严重扰乱全球网络安全秩序，对全球各国进行不受约束的网络攻击，破坏了各国近20年来在联合国信息安全政府专家组、开放式工作组等机制下制定的网络空间负责任国家行为规范等网络空间秩序。为了加强自身的网络攻击能力，美国在国内纵容、窝藏网络攻击武器产业，造成全球网络监控产业泛滥成灾，难以治理。”周宁南说。

　　美国霸权延伸至科技领域，扰乱全球产业链供应链稳定，损害全球利益

　　美国在网络安全的双重标准与霸权行径有目共睹，近年来更是将霸权主义延伸至科技领域，以无端指责、“长臂管辖”、打压制裁、技术封锁等卑劣手段，将自身利益凌驾于他国利益之上，威胁全球经济安全。

　　据外媒消息，美国总统拜登预计在未来几周内签署一个行政令，来限制美国企业对华关键经济领域的投资，包括半导体、人工智能、量子计算等。

　　事实上，在半导体等关键经济领域，美国以“竞争”之名行“遏制公平竞争”之实，打压其他国家已非“初试牛刀”。以半导体产业为例，20世纪80年代，美国为打击日本半导体产业发展，采取包括启动“301”调查、通过多边协议为双边谈判制造筹码、威胁将日本列为不公平贸易国、加征报复性关税等手段，逼迫日本签订《美日半导体协定》，导致日本半导体企业几乎完全退出全球竞争，市场份额由50%跌至10%。同时，在美国政府扶持下，大量美国半导体企业趁机抢占市场。

　　Today, the United States is "doing the same", continuing to politicize, instrumentalize, and weaponize economic, trade, and scientific and technological issues, creating "small courtyards and high walls," forcibly "decoupling and breaking chains," at the expense of friends and self-enrichment, and conducting economic coercion on allies.

　　The United States has concocted various excuses to pursue and suppress Chinese high-tech companies with international competitiveness. At present, more than 1,000 Chinese companies have been included in various sanctions lists. The United States has also implemented controls on high-end technologies such as biotechnology and artificial intelligence, strengthened export controls, and strictly reviewed investment. The United States has even used national power to suppress and sanction Chinese Huawei, restricting Huawei products from entering the US market, cutting off the supply of chips and operating systems, and coercing other countries around the world to ban Huawei from participating in local 5G network construction.

　　Last year, the US Chip and Science Act was signed into law, which set up differentiated industrial support policies such as huge subsidies for the US chip industry, and some provisions restricted the normal economic and trade activities and investment activities of relevant enterprises in China, presenting a strong geopolitical color. This is another example of the US engaging in economic coercion.

　　"Since the globalization process of the semiconductor industry has reached an irreversible level, if we try to forcibly change this situation, it will only tear apart and fragment the global semiconductor market, and the semiconductor industry will be plunged into deep uncertainty. Measures such as US export controls are undermining the security of the global semiconductor supply chain." Wei Shaojun, chairperson of the IC Design Branch of the China Semiconductor Industry Association and executive vice-chairperson of the China Integrated Circuit Innovation Alliance, wrote in an article that the reason why the global semiconductor industry has today’s brilliance is global cooperation. The beggar-thy-neighbour approach of the United States will eventually harm itself.

　　"The real purpose of the US side is to deprive China of its right to development and safeguard its own hegemonic self-interest. It is naked economic coercion and technological bullying. It seriously violates the principles of market economy and fair competition, seriously undermines the international economic and trade order, seriously disrupts the stability of the global industrial chain and supply chain, and harms the interests of the whole world," said Wang Wenbin, a spokesperson for the Foreign Ministry.

　　The United States’ pursuit of hegemony, maintenance of hegemony, and abuse of hegemony are deeply harmful, and the historical trend of peace, development, cooperation, and win-win results cannot be stopped

　　A few days ago, at the regular spring meeting of the WTO Committee on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures, Chinese delegates criticized the discriminatory subsidy policies and measures of the United States and called on the WTO to effectively monitor such subsidy measures. Representatives of Russia, Morocco and other countries also expressed serious concerns at the meeting about the US practice of imposing countervailing duties on imported goods.

　　The United States was once one of the main founders of today’s international economic order and multilateral trading system, but today, the self-centered United States continues to transform the internationally recognized world trade order into a power-based world trade order, causing chaos to the entire world.

　　"Friendly shoring" refers to the gradual concentration of international division of labor and trade objects in developed economies such as the United States on partners with similar values and political and economic systems. A recent report by the international monetary fund mentioned that the rise of "friendly shoring" may cause the greatest harm to less developed markets.

　　Robert Kagan, a senior fellow at the Brookings Institution, says the rise of populism, tribalism and self-interest in the US in recent years is accelerating the world’s descent into a "jungle" where the law of the jungle preys on the jungle.

　　Zhou Ningnan told reporters that the global industrial chain has undergone decades of evolution and has its own development laws. The United States has used its hegemony to maintain its technological monopoly advantage and the industry has the voice over it, and has brought the "law of the jungle" into the fields of network, science and technology, which has hindered the transformation and upgrading of developing countries, which has exacerbated the imbalance of the world economy and dragged down the growth of the world economy.

　　There is more help than there is help. Political hegemony, military hegemony, economic hegemony, scientific and technological hegemony, cyber hegemony, cultural hegemony… The United States’ pursuit of hegemony, maintenance of hegemony, and abuse of hegemony are deeply harmful. The historical trend of peace, development, cooperation, and win-win is irresistible. Hegemonic acts such as unilateralism, selfishness, and retrogression will surely encounter increasingly strong criticism and opposition from the international community.