Ride all the way to the battlefield

■ Zhang Naiqian

"Helicopter+motorcycle", can you imagine that this will become a "magic combination" on the modern battlefield? At the Dubai Air Show held not long ago, a UH-60 Black Hawk helicopter displayed by the United Arab Emirates carried an electric all-terrain motorcycle through a special side hitch. According to reports, the "combination" aims to use helicopters to bring the special warfare team into the mission area and complete the rapid assault by riding a motorcycle in the "last mile" of the battlefield.

Riding all the way to the battlefield was once a real historical picture. Whether bicycles or motorcycles, these "small two-wheeled land vehicles" were quickly put into the battlefield as soon as they came out, and a number of classic weapons were successively produced in magic change. Today, we can still see them in the armies of various countries.

In this issue of "Wide Angle of Weapons", let’s look back at the "Hundred Years’ Military History" of bicycles and motorcycles and explore the wonderful past of "going to war alone".

They have a "hundred years of military history"-

The battlefield iron horse emerged.

In the classic French comedy film "Escape from Danger" of World War II, the scene of German soldiers riding military motorcycles and chasing British pilots all the way made people sweat for the brave and tenacious pilots, and at the same time, they deeply realized the unique role of military motorcycles in mobile operations on the battlefield. In another World War II movie "War Day", the Danish army that resisted the German "Armored Corps" turned out to be an army equipped with bicycles.

Look at all kinds of bicycles and bike-sharing now shuttling through the streets. Have you ever thought that their "predecessors" used to be "iron horses in the battlefield"? Since ancient times, the pursuit of flexibility and mobility has been the eternal goal of the armies of various countries. Compared with horses, they need to be fed and carefully cared for. Bicycles are light and flexible to use, do not consume fuel, have low noise and are easy to hide. They can not only transport soldiers, but also cross rugged mountain roads. It’s no wonder that bicycles were quickly favored by armies of various countries after their birth.

On the battlefield of the Franco-Prussian War in 1870, the first military bicycle appeared. Prussian messengers rode bicycles to transmit information and orders on the battlefield, and the French army also sent bicycle squads to frequently penetrate the Prussian rear to spy on information. During the First World War, bicycles became one of the main equipment of the armies of the participating countries. France, Belgium and Britain each have more than 100,000 bicycle troops. Every light infantry battalion of the German Army has specially set up a bicycle company.

During the Second World War, the United States, the Soviet Union and Germany each had their own star "war horse". The American Harley-Davidson WLA motorcycle shines brilliantly on the battlefield, and the Soviet M-72 motorcycle is easy to produce and durable. The BMW R12, R35, R71 and R75 are all favored by the Germans. During the Iran-Iraq War, Iranian soldiers riding motorcycles quickly attacked the Iraqi army’s tank cluster, using rocket launchers, anti-tank grenades and burning grenades to storm the tank forces, and interpreted a unique war history of "motorcycles hitting tanks".

Today, bicycles and motorcycles are still indispensable and important "cars" for soldiers under complex terrain conditions. Regardless of the war in Afghanistan or Iraq, the U.S. military defines bicycles as special auxiliary equipment for Stryker armored vehicles and Hummer off-road vehicles. Once the vehicle breaks down, is destroyed or cannot pass through the terrain, the US military can take out its bicycle and ride all the way to the battlefield. In the open exercise screen of the Iranian Army in 2021, you can also see the scene of soldiers riding motorcycles to quickly launch a battlefield assault.

Swiss M93 military bicycle.

Bmw R75 motorcycle.

Not just a means of transportation—

Focus on operations and install "magic change"

At the China International Aviation and Aerospace Expo in 2018, China Aerospace Science and Technology Group displayed the "Cang Lang" missile launching system, which installed a multi-purpose missile launcher on an all-terrain motorcycle. The "infantry assault vehicle" equipped by the Nigerian Army can fully adapt to the local combat environment by installing protective shields and RPK series machine guns on motorcycles, and realize the integration of battlefield mobility and fire assault.

Since bicycles and motorcycles joined the army, they have been used for battlefield maneuvering, improving quick reaction ability, undertaking reconnaissance, vigilance and transportation tasks, and also quickly entered the battlefield "magic change" era with various weapons. British-designed BSA military bicycle has a rifle support clip installed at the seat strut for fixing guns; Italians who dare to "try early" put Maxim’s heavy machine guns on tandem two-seater bicycles; Germany also installed anti-tank weapons and light mortars on TR-FA bicycles. These "machine-gun chariots" react quickly, and the bomb load is not small in the case of multi-vehicle cooperation. They are strange weapons with both offensive and defensive functions on the battlefield.

Compared with bicycles, motorcycles are also a good platform for carrying weapons. During World War II, the Germans equipped heavy-duty sidecar motorcycles with machine guns, carrying several boxes of machine gun bullets and sometimes a light mortar. During the Battle of Berlin in 1945, the Germans used armed bicycles and motorcycles to infiltrate and sneak attack Soviet armored forces and destroyed a number of Soviet tanks.

Another one written in the history of weapons is the German Sdkfz.2 semi-crawler motorcycle. The first half of this motorcycle is no different from ordinary motorcycles, but the second half uses staggered load wheels and crawler-type walking devices, so it is called "Centaur". In 1941, this type of motorcycle was officially put into operation on the eastern front by the German army in the Barbarosa operation, showing its strong passing ability on the muddy road conditions on the battlefield. In fact, whether it is transporting ammunition, pulling artillery, or pulling a few heavily armed soldiers to support the front line, its battlefield performance is remarkable, and the German Air Force even uses it to tow aircraft, which is called the "all-purpose oil" equipment of the Germans on the battlefield.

Will motorcycle.

German semi-crawler motorcycle.

Get through the "last mile" of the battlefield-

The wheels are rolling and the stage is vast.

With the smoke of World War II dispersed, mechanization and informatization have become the main theme of military development in various countries, and a large number of mechanized equipment have been installed one after another. As "veterans" in the military, bicycles and motorcycles seem to be slowly retiring. In fact, as a portable vehicle that can get through the "last mile" of the battlefield, cycling vehicles still have a broad stage in the modern battlefield.

Rapid force delivery should not be underestimated. As the most "bicycle-loving" army, the Swiss bicycle force was not abolished until the beginning of this century. When you open the map, you can find that Switzerland, which has many mountains and lakes, is a "paradise" for cycling troops. They can cross most mountain roads without fuel and fight in various complex terrain conditions. For this reason, even though the special bicycle troops were cancelled, Switzerland still has not given up military bicycles. Besides exercising physical fitness and adapting to the unique mountain environment, it is also specially used for special forces. Compared with bicycles, armies all over the world still keep a certain number of military motorcycles. Germany’s latest "BMW" F850 GS military motorcycle is a cross-country motorcycle specially used for fast maneuvering.

Folding portability is favored by officers and men. In addition to constantly improving the attack capability, folding and portability has also become the direction of bicycle and motorcycle modification. During World War II, British and German airborne troops were equipped with folding paratroopers’ bicycles. Britain has specially designed Will folding motorcycles for British special operations forces and airborne troops. After the motorcycle is folded and airdropped by a special umbrella bag, it can be unfolded and set off within 10 seconds. In the 1980s, multifunctional mountain bikes and foldable paratroopers developed by the US Department of Defense entered the US military service. The "Paratrooper" folding bicycle weighs 14 kilograms, can carry 150 kilograms, and the length and width of the body are not more than 90 centimeters. The bicycle can be folded or unfolded within 30 seconds. Because it is light and small, the "paratrooper" folding bicycle can be tied to the outside of tanks and armored vehicles, or hung on the paratroopers’ chest to skydive together, giving paratroopers flexible and fast mobility.

Electric silent or become the trend of the times. The electric car has good mute performance, and the sound it makes is even smaller than the voice of people. It can be used for special forces to quickly pass through rugged terrain and launch battlefield raids quietly. The "EZ Rider" electric vehicle being tested by the US Special Forces and the Israel Defense Forces can haul 250 kilograms of materials and travel nearly 40 kilometers on a single charge, which is suitable for special forces. The "Golan" electric off-road vehicle developed by Russia has a top speed of 110 kilometers per hour and a cruising range of 370 kilometers with additional batteries. Russia also specially installed AK-74 rifles, RPG rocket launchers and Grenade launchers for the "Golan" electric off-road vehicle, in order to play an important role in future special forces’ ambush and reconnaissance operations.

Layout design: Xie An

E-mail for this edition: jfjbbqdg@163.com

On the way back to the classroom after class exercises.

The driver injured a student in school because the brakes were out of control.

Who should be responsible for drivers and schools?

recent days

The Ziyang District Court of Yiyang City, Hunan Province heard this case.

Cases involving campus safety

Please see this case ~

The picture comes from the network.

In February, 2022, when Li delivered the goods to a vocational school in Yiyang by car and returned to the downhill section of the campus, he lost control of the brakes and collided with 17-year-old Song, who was on his way back to the classroom after class exercises, causing Song to be injured. Later, Song was sent to the hospital for treatment, and the medical expenses were 34,176.29 yuan. After identification, Song’s right medial and lateral ankle fracture line involved the epiphysis, which was a grade 10 disability; Multiple fractures of the right foot cause complete destruction of the arch structure of the right foot, which is a grade 9 disability.

Afterwards, Song sued a vocational school, Li and the vehicle insurance company driven by Li to the court, demanding compensation for medical expenses, follow-up treatment fees, hospitalization food subsidies and other losses totaling 296,673 yuan.

After trial, the court held that citizens’ right to life and health was protected by law. If another person infringes upon a citizen’s personal rights due to his fault, he shall bear civil liability for compensation. The vehicle involved in the accident is owned by Li and has been insured with compulsory motor vehicle traffic accident liability insurance. According to Article 43 of the Regulations on Compulsory Motor Vehicle Traffic Accident Liability Insurance, for Song’s loss, the insurance company shall be liable for compensation within the limit of compulsory motor vehicle traffic accident liability insurance, and the rest shall be liable for compensation according to the degree of fault of all parties.

In this case, when driving on campus, Li should ensure the safety of pedestrians, especially on downhill roads, and pay attention to avoiding pedestrians. Li injured Song, who was returning to the classroom because of brake failure, and his fault was the root cause of the accident, and he should bear all the responsibility for the accident; A vocational school failed to fulfill the corresponding obligation of prompting and supervising the vehicles coming to the school. During the dissolution of recess exercise, it should try to avoid the traffic of vehicles on campus, thus inferring that a vocational school failed to fulfill its management responsibilities, and according to the provisions of Article 1201 of the Civil Code of People’s Republic of China (PRC), it was determined that the school should bear 30% of the supplementary liability for compensation.

Based on the above situation, the court ruled that the insurance company compensated Song for medical expenses, follow-up treatment expenses, hospital food subsidies, nursing expenses and other losses of 180,000 yuan within 10 days from the effective date of the judgment; Li compensated Song for medical expenses, follow-up treatment expenses, hospital food subsidies, nursing expenses and other losses of 81,536.99 yuan within 10 days from the effective date of this judgment; A vocational school shall bear the supplementary compensation liability within the range of 24,461.09 yuan when Li can’t pay off the above sum. After the school bears the above supplementary compensation liability, it has the right to recover from Li.

01

The accident happened in a closed campus. Is it a road traffic accident?

This case is a dispute over damages caused by an accident when a vehicle passes outside the road. If a motor vehicle is damaged by a traffic accident, it shall be liable for compensation in accordance with the relevant provisions of the road traffic safety law. Article 77 of the Road Traffic Safety Law of the People’s Republic of China stipulates that accidents that occur when vehicles pass outside the road shall be handled with reference to the relevant provisions of the Road Traffic Safety Law. Article 25 of the Interpretation of the Supreme People’s Court on Several Issues Concerning the Application of Laws in the Trial of Road Traffic Accident Damage Compensation Cases stipulates that the provisions of this Interpretation may be applied with reference to damage compensation cases caused by motor vehicles passing outside roads. In this case, Song was injured by a motor vehicle in a non-road traffic accident on campus, and his personal injury compensation can be handled in accordance with the above-mentioned legal provisions.

02

Who will bear the responsibility for the traffic accident on the way to delivery?

According to the provisions of Article 1191 of the Civil Code of People’s Republic of China (PRC), if a student suffers personal injury from an off-campus person while he is at school, the infringer shall bear the responsibility. If the staff of the employing unit causes damage to others due to the execution of work tasks, the employing unit shall bear the tort liability. In this case, a maintenance service co., Ltd. contracted the maintenance and cleaning project of the drainage ditch and septic tank in the male and female dormitory of the school. Li, an outsider in this case, is not a worker or employee of the company, but a deliveryman. Because of his fault, he should bear all the responsibilities.

03

Does the school take responsibility for the accident on campus?

According to Article 1201 of the Civil Code of People’s Republic of China (PRC), if a person without or with limited capacity for civil conduct suffers personal injury from a third person outside the kindergarten, school or other educational institution during his study and life, the third person shall bear the tort liability; Kindergartens, schools or other educational institutions that fail to fulfill their management responsibilities shall bear corresponding supplementary responsibilities. Article 9, paragraph 2, of the Measures for Handling Student Injury Accidents stipulates that if the school safety management system has obvious omissions or management confusion and fails to take timely measures to cause student injury, the school shall bear corresponding responsibilities according to law.

At the time of the incident, Song was a person with limited capacity. During the dissolution of the class exercise, when Li was driving on campus, the school did not have managers to stop reminding him. It can be seen that the school’s safety management was negligent and did not do its due management duties, which caused Song’s personal injury accident. If the school is at fault, it should bear corresponding supplementary responsibilities. After the school assumes the supplementary responsibility, it can recover from Li.

In addition, students are injured from time to time due to construction on campus. During construction, the school should not only educate students about safety, but also make necessary control over related work, always reminding them to pay attention to the safety of teachers and students and create a safe campus environment.

Original title: "Brake failure, driver school delivery hits students, how to define the responsibility? The court ruled! 》

Read the original text

There is a kind of anxiety, called cell phone power anxiety.

The specific symptoms are not limited to

The mobile phone must be charged to 100%

Don’t go out until your mobile phone is fully charged.

You must bring a charging treasure when you go out

……

Recently, related topics

Mobile phone batteries don’t like 100% saturation.

Boarded a hot search

Should I charge my mobile phone for a long time?

Or charge your phone all night.

Become the focus of everyone’s attention

Today, let’s get to know each other with Wings.

Must the mobile phone be fully charged? Not recommended!

For many friends,

The mobile phone has been charged to full capacity.

Can give yourself a sense of security when going out.

As everyone knows, this charging method

On the contrary, it may have adverse effects.

Mobile phone batteries are usually lithium batteries.

The process of charging and discharging is

The lithium battery is between the positive and negative electrodes.

The process of going back and forth constantly

When the cell phone battery is overcharged and discharged,

The structure of anode and cathode materials may be damaged.

There is less space to accommodate lithium ions.

Which in turn leads to a decrease in its capacity.

Battery life decreases.

Although many mobile phones are charging nowadays,

Have overcharge protection.

But it is necessary to form a good habit of charging.

The best way to charge your mobile phone.

It’s shallow filling and shallow putting.

Don’t always charge to 100%

Don’t wait for the battery of your mobile phone to be recharged.

Never charge your mobile phone all night again.

Get up early to see the phone fully charged.

It always feels so good.

……

Many small partners have a kind of

The battery should be charged when it is charged.

The idea of using it to your heart’s content.

Plus a qualified charger.

Safety protection circuit

And various safety devices.

So rest assured to charge your mobile phone all night.

But you should also remember

No device is 100% insured.

Once the protection circuit of the charger fails

Or the battery itself has quality defects.

Without being discovered in time.

It may cause a fire or even an explosion.

Therefore, winglet is not recommended.

The mobile phone is charged all night.

How to charge the mobile phone correctly

① The charging time of mobile phone should not be too long.

Get into the habit of charging as you use it.

② Don’t charge in an environment that is too cold or too hot.

This can effectively protect the battery.

③ Try to use the original charger of the mobile phone to charge.

Do not use inferior chargers.

Prevent potential safety hazards.

④ Don’t play with your mobile phone while charging.

Playing while charging is easy to cause the phone to heat up.

⑤ Pay attention to the phone temperature when charging.

In case of abnormal fever.

Stop charging immediately.

These charging tips

Have you learned it?

　　CCTV News:The Central Meteorological Observatory predicts that from 28th to 30th, affected by a new cold air, there will be strong winds and cool weather in most areas from northwest to southeast. Autumn and winter are the seasons with high incidence of respiratory diseases. How to prevent them scientifically?

　　Xiamen, Fujian: The number of outpatients in respiratory department has increased significantly.

　　In the past two days, the reporter found in the respiratory clinics of several hospitals in Xiamen, Fujian that many patients were waiting in line for treatment.

　　According to doctors, the number of patients with respiratory diseases has increased by about 30% in the past two weeks, and many of them even come from married with children to see a doctor.

　　Lian Qingrong, Deputy Director of Pediatrics, Xiamen Hongai Hospital:Patients mainly focus on some diseases of respiratory system, and the most common one is actually acute upper respiratory infection.　

　　Beijing: Influenza-like cases increased by 16.69% after the cold wave.

　　Let’s look at the colder north. The results of influenza surveillance by Beijing CDC show that from 15th to 21st of this month, there were 11,689 people receiving influenza-like cases in hospitals above the second level in Beijing, an increase of 16.69% compared with the same period last year. Why has it changed so much? Take a look at the weather before this week.

　　According to the data of China Weather Network, with the arrival of the two cold waves on November 7 and 22, the temperature fluctuation in this month is much larger than that in the same period of last year. Especially in this cold wave that started on the 7th, the temperature difference in one week is nearly 11℃. It seems that everyone should prevent colds before a new round of cooling.

　　Correct distinction: the general symptoms of influenza are obvious, such as high fever and pain.

　　Everyone has respiratory symptoms. How can you tell the common cold from the flu? Experts tell us that the most obvious difference is that the most uncomfortable part of patients with common cold is usually the upper respiratory tract, and once they get the flu, the whole body symptoms will be more obvious.

　　Li Haichao, Vice President of Peking University First Hospital and Professor of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine:The common cold generally does not have obvious systemic symptoms, that is, runny nose, sneezing, phlegm-blocking symptoms, a lot of runny nose, and then there may be throat discomfort, but the flu will be high fever and body aches are very obvious.

　　After the correct distinction is made, how to effectively prevent and treat it? What misunderstandings need to be avoided?

　　How to find the flu symptoms as soon as possible?

　　Li Haichao, Vice President of Peking University First Hospital and Professor of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine:Now the flu has begun to show signs of epidemic. You may have contacted some people. For example, in such a unit, someone at home has fever symptoms, and then you are infected. At this time, if his infection symptoms are, for example, high fever, chills, even muscle aches and headaches, this is a typical flu performance, which can be basically clarified.

　　Experts said that at present, it is in the high season of influenza, coupled with the need for epidemic prevention and control. If there are symptoms such as high fever, it is recommended to seek medical advice as soon as possible to judge the condition.

　　You can’t carry the flu hard, especially for key people.

　　Because influenza can easily lead to serious complications, people at high risk of influenza, such as the elderly with basic diseases and children with weak immunity, should pay special attention.

　　Hu Shaoming, Deputy Chief Physician of Jialian Street Community Health Service Center, Xiamen City, Fujian Province:Patients with chronic diseases and low immunity will have some serious complications, such as pneumonia, meningitis, or gastrointestinal diseases, which will cause some serious organ failure.

　　You can’t take medicine blindly to prevent influenza.

　　Some people in life often drink cold granules or take other drugs orally after feeling cold or flu symptoms. Experts say that you can’t take medicine blindly to prevent colds.

　　Li Haichao, Vice President of Peking University First Hospital and Professor of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine:You are a high-risk influenza patient. Under special circumstances, this group of people can use some preventive drugs appropriately. For example, there are some effective drugs for influenza, such as oseltamivir, which can be used selectively, but this group must be controlled and not generalized.

　　To prevent influenza, wearing a mask and frequent ventilation are standard.

　　Experts emphasize that vaccination is still the most effective way to prevent influenza. In addition, you should wear a mask and wash your hands frequently. Whether at home, office, school or nursing home, you should always be ventilated.

　　Attending physician Cai Jinghuang, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital affiliated to Xiamen University:For example, if a patient with a cold sneezes here, all his cold viruses are in this room. We should ventilate in time to reduce the concentration.

　　Li Haichao, Vice President of Peking University First Hospital and Professor of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine:Don’t be overtired, keep warm when the weather changes, don’t gather, and maintain your resistance. You eat well and sleep well, so you are also resistant to the flu virus.

According to Guangzhou CDC

Recent monitoring data show that

For nearly a month,

The level of influenza activity, mainly influenza A, continues to rise.

The momentum is rapid.

Guangzhou has entered the high incidence of influenza in spring.

What are the symptoms of influenza?

How will it spread?

How to prevent and treat it scientifically?

How to tell whether it is the flu or the common cold?

……

One article will take you all to know.

▽

What is the flu?

△ Xu Yi, Director of Internal Medicine Department and Director of Infectious Diseases Department of Guangzhou Women and Children Medical Center

Xu Yi, director of internal medicine department and director of infectious diseases department of Guangzhou Women and Children Medical Center, said that influenza, referred to as influenza, is an acute respiratory disease caused by influenza virus and belongs to Class C infectious disease. Influenza A (subtype A H1N1 and subtype A H3N2) and influenza B (strain Yamagata and strain Victoria) are the most prevalent seasonal viruses in the population. Influenza A virus is more likely to spread rapidly among people, and many large-scale outbreaks of influenza in history are related to influenza A virus. Recently, the rising level of influenza activity in many places in China is also caused by the subtype of influenza A (H1N1).

In the past three years, we have taken non-drug interventions, such as wearing masks and limiting social distance, which have effectively curbed the spread of the COVID-19 epidemic. At the same time, it also reduces the exposure to influenza in the population, resulting in the decline of pre-existing immunity in the population, which has a certain risk of influenza epidemic. In the south, there may be a single annual influenza peak from April to June every year.

In the face of influenza virus, we have two sharp weapons to "defeat the enemy": special antiviral drugs and influenza vaccine. As long as you pay attention to personal precautions and maintain good hygiene habits, the possibility of a persistent influenza pandemic is already small, so you don’t have to be nervous and afraid.

How does the flu spread?

Influenza patients and recessive infections are the main sources of seasonal influenza infection. Influenza is mainly transmitted by air droplets, and it can also be transmitted by direct or indirect contact with mucous membranes such as mouth, nose and eyes. It can also spread in the form of aerosol in a crowded, closed or poorly ventilated room.

What are the main symptoms of influenza?

The onset of influenza is urgent, and most of them are self-limited. Mainly with fever, headache, myalgia and general malaise; The body temperature can reach 39~40℃, which is often accompanied by systemic symptoms such as muscle and joint pain, fatigue and loss of appetite. Often sore throat, dry cough, nasal congestion, runny nose, discomfort behind the sternum, facial flushing, conjunctival congestion and so on. Some patients have mild or no symptoms. Mild flu is often similar to the common cold, but flu fever and systemic symptoms are more obvious.

How to distinguish

H1N1 and the common cold?

The child has flu-related symptoms

What circumstances need to be sent to the doctor in time?

1. Persistent high fever > 3 days, accompanied by severe cough, expectoration of pus, blood sputum, or chest pain;

2. Breathing frequency is fast, breathing is difficult, and the lips are cyanotic;

3. Slow response, lethargy, restlessness, etc.;

4. Severe vomiting, diarrhea, dehydration such as less urine and less tears;

5. pneumonia;

6. When the original underlying disease is obviously aggravated.

It should be emphasized that younger children must see a doctor when they have persistent high fever or ultra-high fever in the first 1-2 days of illness, and the antipyretic drugs and physical cooling effects are not obvious, or when they have convulsions.

How to treat the flu?

Generally, children are advised to stay at home and keep the room ventilated after symptoms appear. Get enough rest, drink plenty of water, and the diet should be easy to digest and nutritious. Minimize contact with others and avoid infection. The focus of treatment is to relieve flu-like symptoms such as fever and cough, and the patient’s condition should be closely observed.

Children under 5 years old or obese are more likely to have serious complications, so antiviral treatment under the guidance of a doctor as soon as possible can alleviate flu symptoms, shorten the course of flu and reduce the mortality rate of severe flu.

Remember: antibiotics and hormones are ineffective against influenza virus. )

The flu is coming

How to prevent it scientifically?

1. Personal protection: During the flu season, try to avoid going to crowded places and contacting people with respiratory symptoms; If the child has respiratory symptoms, he should rest at home, conduct health observation, and enter the park and attend classes without illness; Maintain good hygiene habits such as hand hygiene and cough etiquette.

2. Maintain environmental sanitation: keep the residence clean and ventilated, and regularly clean and disinfect key parts such as door handles and handrails.

3. Strengthen the health monitoring of collective units: schools and kindergartens should strengthen morning and afternoon inspections and full-day observation; Children with flu-like symptoms should rest at home to reduce the spread of the disease.

4. Vaccination against influenza is the first line of defense against influenza, and children over 6 months old can have protective effect after vaccination according to recommended procedures. The peak time and duration of influenza activity vary from place to place every year. In order to ensure that the recipients can get immune protection before the flu season, it is recommended to vaccinate as soon as the vaccine is available.

Fingertips a little.

Learn something new about Baiyun

Click on the card

Enter the "Guangzhou Baiyun" WeChat applet

Original title: "Guangzhou has entered the high incidence of influenza in spring! You need to pay attention → "

Read the original text

　　"It’s cold, do you want to save something to eat?"

　　"Rice and oil are easy to say. Can vegetables be eaten after a week in the refrigerator?"

　　Epidemic prevention and control has entered a normal state, but many friends have become accustomed to "hoarding" food in the refrigerator — — So, are meat and vegetables frozen or refrigerated? How many degrees is the most suitable for preservation? Can I eat it after a week?

　　Meat should be "cold" and vegetables will be "frozen"

　　The bought fish can’t be kept, and the vegetables will rot in the refrigerator for a few days. Is the meat taken home refrigerated or frozen … … "hoarding goods" not only makes the elderly scratch their heads, but also makes the young people confused.

　　"Generally speaking, the requirements for the preservation environment of various foods are different, and it is definitely not possible to stuff them all into the refrigerator." According to industry insiders, in professional supermarkets, the storage temperature of all kinds of foods is relatively fixed; Consumers pick and choose and take them home and stuff them into the refrigerator, often only to find that they have gone bad when they eat them.

　　"If you go to a big supermarket like Metro in summer, you may have to bring a thick coat to the meat sales area." The reporter learned the "best storage temperature" of different foods in Metro: frozen products are at-18℃ ~-22℃, cold meat is at 0-4℃, fish is at 12-16℃, and fruits and vegetables are at 12-14℃; Therefore, even in summer, the area where meat products are sold is very "frozen". The person in charge of the Metro member store said: "Different foods require different storage temperatures, and only by taking correct temperature control measures can the freshness, hygiene and safety of foods be guaranteed."

　　In general, the freezing temperature of household refrigerators is -18℃, while that of cold storage rooms is 0-4℃. Therefore, the cold meat bought home can be stored in the cold storage room if it is eaten soon, and there is no need to freeze it. In the current weather, fruits and vegetables don’t have to be put in the refrigerator when they are bought home. They can be stored at room temperature and eaten as soon as possible. It should be noted that even frozen food should be eaten within 90 days; The flavor and nutritional value of foods frozen for too long will be greatly reduced even if they are not "spoiled".

　　Constant temperature in the whole process is very important, and "thawing and freezing" is not advisable.

　　If you buy too much meat and freeze it, take it out and cut it, and put the rest back, okay? The answer is: no.

　　"Frozen food is easy to breed bacteria during repeated thawing and freezing." Nutrition experts said that some institutions have done relevant comparative tests, frozen and thawed the same piece of meat for four times, and carried out bacterial inspection every time. The results showed that the total number of colonies increased sharply after thawing and refreezing, and the total number of colonies in the last time was 15 times that of the first inspection.

　　The reason is that food will inhibit the growth of bacteria when it is frozen at low temperature, but in the process of thawing, with the increase of external temperature, bacteria in food will multiply rapidly; When we put the food in the refrigerator again, the low temperature environment can inhibit the growth of bacteria, but it can’t "kill" the bacteria that grew before. When it is thawed again, the bacteria will double.

　　"Big supermarkets can guarantee the ‘ of purchasing, processing and sales areas; Whole cold chain ’ But often consumers don’t care after buying it back, which will lead to food deterioration, "nutrition experts pointed out." Therefore, fresh products should be put into the freezer immediately and frozen products should be put into the freezer as soon as Metro, a supermarket that takes a "whole cold chain" approach to meat, comes home, keeping the "last link" still in the cold chain.

　　If you can’t eat it all at once, it is recommended to freeze it in small pieces and thaw as much as you eat. Whether consumers purchase frozen products or fresh ingredients themselves, it is better not to "thaw twice" after freezing. Zhang hongmei

　　Cyber hackers, who committed crimes in groups, were sentenced for making and spreading obscene articles on the Internet for profit, and committed crimes again during probation. These are the characteristics of the cases involving Li and Chen in Lishui, Zhejiang Province, among the six cases of trafficking in pornography publicly notified by the National Office for Combating Pornography today. In fact, judging from the facts of the six cases, each case is shocking in terms of both the means of committing crimes and the degree of harm.

　　The person in charge of the national office of "eliminating pornography and illegal publications" pointed out that these six cases are typical cases in which the national office of "eliminating pornography and illegal publications" chose "net" and "protecting seedlings" to investigate and deal with important progress, which has been completed or the investigation has ended.

　　Rent an overseas server to commit crimes in groups.

　　The first case reported by the national office of "eliminating pornography and illegal publications" was a case in which Li and Chen in Lishui, Zhejiang Province made and disseminated obscene articles for profit.

　　According to reports, in November 2018, according to the report of the masses, the Economic Development Zone Branch of Lishui Public Security Bureau filed a case to investigate the case and set up a task force. At present, the case has been ascertained, and eight suspects have been arrested, including Li and Chen, the principals who directed and produced obscene videos. At the same time, more than 100,000 obscene videos were seized, and the amount involved was more than 7 million yuan.

　　According to the national office of "eliminating pornography and illegal publications", from 2016 to 2017, Li and Chen Moumou filmed obscene videos for sale in the name of "Kuramoto C, underwear brother, and 91 principal". Since October 2017, Li and Chen, Chen Mou, Lin and others have rented overseas servers and set up 91B1 obscene websites to make profits by selling members and recharging VIP. Zhao, Zhu and others filmed obscene videos and uploaded them to the network disk, and then sold them through the 91B1 website. In this case, more than 100,000 people were purchased, distributed in various places and overseas areas. At the end of 2018, the task force successively arrested four principals, including Li and Chen, in Guangdong and Hebei. Recently, the task force captured four people, including Zhao and Zhu, in Shandong, Hunan and Guangxi.

　　The national office of "eliminating pornography and illegal publications" said that the suspect in this case has a high reputation on the Internet. In 2016, the criminal suspect Zhao became a "great god" by making and selling his own obscene videos on the Internet in the name of "91 Daige", and his videos were found on almost all Chinese obscene websites.

　　Not only that, the main suspect Li is a hacker and was sentenced for hacking cases; Zhao was sentenced for making and spreading obscene articles on the Internet for profit, and is still on probation. "Different from previous cases, the suspects who filmed obscene videos in this case did not fight alone, but committed crimes in groups." The National Office of "Combating Pornography and Illegal Publications" pointed out that in 91B1 website, there are as many as 20 suspects who are engaged in making obscene videos for profit, including a female criminal suspect in Taiwan Province.

　　26 people who imitated Tik Tok to sell pornography were detained.

　　26 people were criminally detained and 110,000 obscene short videos were seized. Today, the National Office of "Combating Pornography and Illegal Publications" reported the case of "Fast Fairy" short video App spreading obscene articles for profit in Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, saying that the short video platform involving pornography in this case was huge.

　　The National Office for Combating Pornography said that in this case, the "Fast Fairy" App claimed to be an "adult version of Tik Tok". Since it was launched in October 2018, its pages and browsing methods have all imitated "Tik Tok", but only obscene and pornographic short videos have been disseminated.

　　To make matters worse, operators have also introduced incentives. As of the time of the incident, there are nearly 3 million registered users, and more than 1,000 users have uploaded obscene videos. Operating gangs have made a profit of over 10 million yuan by charging gambling sites advertising fees.

　　The national office of "eliminating pornography and illegal publications" said that on March 23 this year, Longgang police began to collect nets in 15 cities across the country and arrested 26 suspects. At present, the App has been seized according to law, and the case is still being further explored.

　　50,000 cross-border agent development members

　　Judging from the situation reported by the national office of "eliminating pornography and illegal publications", the case of "June 29" spreading obscene articles for profit in Guigang, Guangxi was also extremely bad.

　　"In June 2018, the public security organs of Guigang City inspected and found that a netizen in the jurisdiction was suspected of spreading obscene video clues and filed a case for investigation." According to reports, this netizen is the general agent and customer service of "Pymai" obscene video website.

　　The National Office for Combating Pornography pointed out that this website management team has a clear division of labor and a strict organization. The gang has more than 10 main members and more than 100 offline agents, involving 20 provinces and countries such as Malaysia and Singapore. Through the combination of website and WeChat group, the gang has developed more than 50,000 members, involving more than 13 million yuan. At the end of 2018, the task force launched a unified arrest operation, arresting 16 suspects one after another, and 14 people including Jia Mou were arrested according to law, detaining more than 50,000 pornographic videos stored in the server, and destroying 3 studios used to disseminate obscene pornographic information. In February this year, this case was transferred to the procuratorate for review and prosecution.

　　Hundreds of female anchors engage in obscene performances.

　　In the case of Shanghai Changning "Cherry Live" App spreading obscene articles, the public security organs found that hundreds of female anchors were engaged in obscene performances.

　　According to the introduction of the National Office for Combating Pornography, in January 2019, the network inspection of Changning Branch of Shanghai Public Security Bureau found that there were some pornographic Apps in Apple’s mobile App store, among which the "Cherry Live" app was the most popular. Finally, it was verified that there were hundreds of female anchors engaged in obscene performances and spreading obscene videos in this App, with tens of thousands of viewers and millions of funds involved.

　　After a lot of work such as preliminary investigation and fixed evidence, the task force of Changning Public Security Bureau went to Chongqing, Hunan, Guangdong and other places to arrest. At present, 43 people involved in the case have been successfully arrested, all of whom have been criminally detained, and the case is under further investigation.

　　The server develops 3000 members abroad.

　　According to the national "anti-vice and pornography" office, in August 2018, the public security organs of Lu’ an City, Anhui Province found in their work that the website named "Zhengtai Community" disseminated obscene videos and pictures.

　　After further investigation, it was verified that this website was founded by Qi, with a server abroad and more than 3,000 registered members. There are more than 2,000 obscene videos and more than 8,000 pictures on the website, some of which involve minors. The public security organs arrested three suspects, including Qi. In March 2019, the case was prosecuted by the procuratorate.

　　"cute girl" spreads child pornography videos

　　The profit-making case of spreading child pornography videos in the "Mengmeizi" forum in Liaocheng, Shandong Province is the sixth case notified by the National Office for Combating Pornography and Illegal Publications.

　　"In August 2018, according to the national ‘ Eradicate pornography and illegal publications ’ The office turned to clues, and the public security organs of Liaocheng City and yanggu county City quickly carried out investigations, cracked the case and arrested the main suspect Liu. " The National Office for Combating Pornography said that since July 2017, Liu rented an overseas server through a network technology company in Lianyungang, Jiangsu Province, and established a "cute girl" forum to sell and disseminate child pornography videos, with a total of more than 130,000 members, including more than 400 paid members, with a profit of more than 70,000 yuan. At present, this case has been handed over to the procuratorate for review and prosecution.

　　Obscene and pornographic information is the focus of the crackdown

　　The person in charge of the national office of "eliminating pornography and illegal publications" pointed out that obscene pornographic information is the focus of the current crackdown. In the first quarter of this year, the "anti-pornography and illegal publications" department strictly rectified the dissemination of obscene and pornographic information by using live webcasts, short videos, "two micro-ends" and other platforms, and resolutely investigated and dealt with a large number of cases of online pornography, pornography and pornography.

　　The person in charge said that since the beginning of this year, the departments of "eliminating pornography and illegal publications" in various places have taken the initiative to maintain the high-pressure situation of cracking down on illegal and criminal activities involving pornography, and promoted the in-depth development of special actions such as "net work" and "protecting seedlings" through investigating cases. Among them, from January to March, a total of 1,079 cases of "cracking down on pornography and illegal publications" were filed nationwide, including more than 130 criminal cases and 541 cases involving the Internet.

　　Legal Network Beijing April 18 th

　　China Net Finance August 29th Today, China Consumers Association released an investigation report on the disclosure of personal information of App. In order to more accurately grasp the content scope, possible ways, problem forms, rights protection willingness and other relevant information of consumers’ personal information disclosure, and better safeguard consumers’ legitimate rights and interests, China Consumers Association organized a questionnaire survey on "App Personal Information Disclosure" from July 17 to August 13, 2018. The survey was conducted online, and a total of 5,458 valid questionnaires were collected.

　　I. Main findings of the survey

　　(1) Over 80% of the respondents have experienced personal information disclosure.

　　According to the survey results, the overall situation of personal information disclosure is relatively serious, with 85.2% of people having experienced personal information disclosure and 14.8% not having experienced personal information disclosure.

　　Figure 1: Have you ever encountered personal information disclosure?

　　(2) Common problems encountered after personal information is leaked: harassing sales calls or text messages, receiving fraudulent calls, and receiving spam.

　　According to the survey results, when consumers’ personal information was leaked, about 86.5% of the respondents were harassed by sales calls or text messages, about 75.0% of the respondents received fraudulent calls, and about 63.4% of the respondents received spam, ranking the top three. In addition, some interviewees have received illegal information such as illegal links, and even more, personal account passwords have been stolen.

　　Figure 2: Expression of Personal Information Disclosure

　　(C) Two key concerns of consumers’ personal information: being used for fraud and theft, and selling or exchanging it to a third party.

　　According to the survey results, if the mobile App leads to the disclosure of personal information, the most worrying issue is being used for fraud and theft, accounting for 70.5%. Followed by selling or exchanging to a third party, accounting for 52.4%, being harassed by promoted advertisements accounting for 37.7%, and reputation damage accounting for 6.6%.

　　Figure 3: Concerns about personal information disclosure

　　(D) Operators’ unauthorized collection of personal information and intentional disclosure of information are the main ways of personal information disclosure.

　　According to the survey results, the main way of personal information leakage is that the operator collects personal information without his consent, accounting for about 62.2% of the total sample of the survey; Second, operators or criminals intentionally disclose, sell or illegally provide personal information to others, accounting for about 60.6% of the total sample of the survey, and 57.4% of personal information is leaked due to loopholes in the network service system. There are also criminals stealing and defrauding personal information through Trojan horses and phishing websites, and operators collecting unnecessary personal information, accounting for 34.4% and 26.2% respectively.

　　Figure 4: Ways of Personal Information Disclosure

　　(5) About one-third of the respondents chose to admit that they were unlucky after the disclosure of personal information.

　　According to the survey results, after personal information is leaked, respondents will take various measures to safeguard their rights and interests, such as complaining to consumer associations and relevant administrative departments, and some respondents will choose to negotiate with service providers and give feedback to relevant industry organizations.

　　It is noteworthy that in the end, about one-third of the respondents chose to "admit that they are unlucky", which may be based on their inability to cope, on the other hand, they may accept the status quo after failing to cope.

　　Figure 5: Measures taken after personal information is leaked.

　　(6) Reading the APPlication authority and user agreement or privacy policy when installing and using the mobile app.

　　1. In terms of reading habits, the respondents who choose "occasional reading" are the most.

　　According to the survey results, when users install and use mobile apps, few people read the application rights and user agreements or privacy policies, and most of them read occasionally and never read. Always reading accounts for 18.1%, often reading 8.2%, sometimes reading 16.4%, occasionally reading 31.2% and never reading 26.2%.

　　Figure 6: Habits of reading application permissions and user agreements or privacy policies.

　　2. From the reading level, the respondents who chose "probably reading" were the most.

　　According to the survey results, among 73.8% of the respondents who have read the application rights and user agreements or privacy policies, only 26.7% of the respondents can carefully read the written descriptions of the application rights and user agreements or privacy policies, less than 30%; Nearly 40% of the respondents will probably read the relevant policies, accounting for the highest proportion; About 20.0% of the respondents will choose to read the key chapters; Some respondents will occasionally check the application rights and user agreement or privacy policy text during the use process.

　　Figure 7: The extent of reading application permissions and user agreements or privacy policies.

　　3. "You can’t use it without authorization" is the main reason why respondents "never read".

　　According to the survey results, among the 26.2% respondents who never read the application rights and user agreements or privacy policies, the main reason for choosing never to read them is that they can’t use them without authorization, and they can only be forced to accept them, accounting for 61.2%. There are also 22.2% of the respondents who trust the App operators, and 16.6% of the respondents think that the contents of the App user agreement are similar.

　　Figure 8: Reasons for never reading application rights and user agreement/privacy policy.

　　(7) More than 60% of the respondents take measures to fill in some personal information to protect the safety of personal information.

　　According to the survey results, respondents mainly protect personal information security by filling in only a part of personal information when using App, accounting for 67.2%. 32.7% chose to turn off personalized services (such as location), 29.5% refused access to software, 24.6% installed relevant protection software, 18.0% used some false information during registration, and 4.9% of the respondents said they didn’t care.

　　Figure 9: Personal Information Protection Measures

　　(8) The permissions required by App are mainly to obtain location information and access contacts.

　　According to the survey results, the right to read location information and the right to access contacts are the most frequently encountered when installing and using mobile apps, accounting for 86.8% and 62.3% respectively. The proportion of respondents who were asked to read the phone records (47.5%), read the short message records (39.3%), turn on the camera (39.3%) and record the microphone (24.6%) was relatively high.

　　Figure 10: Permission required to install and use mobile APP.

　　(9) Nearly 70% of the respondents believe that mobile apps gain user privacy rights when their functions are unnecessary.

　　According to the survey results, it is more serious for mobile apps to obtain users’ privacy rights when their own functions are unnecessary. 67.2% of the respondents encountered this situation, and only 32.8% of the respondents did not.

　　Figure 11: Do you get user privacy rights when using the mobile APP without its own functions?

　　(10) Nearly 80% of the respondents believe that the reason why mobile apps collect personal information is to promote advertisements.

　　According to the survey results, respondents believe that promoting advertisements is the most important reason for mobile apps to collect personal information, accounting for 77.0%. Other reasons were selling and exchanging personal information (45.9%), digging up users’ habits and providing better services (42.6%) and fraud and theft (24.6%).

　　Figure 12: Why the mobile App collects personal information.

　　(11) The main reasons for personal information security problems in mobile App are weak personal safety awareness and inadequate supervision.

　　According to the survey results, weak awareness of personal information security protection and inadequate supervision are the main reasons why respondents believe that personal information security problems occur in mobile apps, accounting for 64.0% and 57.3% respectively. Imperfect relevant laws (39.3%), difficulty in obtaining evidence, high cost of rights protection (24.6%), weak awareness of rights protection (19.6%) and lack of self-discipline in the industry (18.0%) are also important reasons for personal information security problems in mobile apps.

　　Figure 13: Reasons for Personal Safety Problems in Mobile APP

　　(12) More than 80% of the respondents believe that the current mobile App needs to be strengthened in the protection of users’ personal information.

　　According to the survey results, respondents believe that the current mobile App needs to be strengthened in terms of users’ personal information, with 62.3% of respondents thinking it is very necessary and 23.0% necessary, accounting for more than 80% of the total sample of the survey. The proportion of people who think it is unnecessary, unnecessary and completely unnecessary is relatively small.

　　Figure 14: The willingness to strengthen the protection of users’ personal information in the current mobile App.

　　1. Personal information disclosure is quite serious, and there are various ways and forms of information disclosure. According to the statistical results, the main ways of personal information leakage of consumers are that operators secretly collect personal information without their consent, operators or lawless elements deliberately disclose, sell or illegally provide personal information to others, and there are loopholes in the network service system, resulting in personal information leakage; When consumers’ personal privacy information is leaked, the most common situations are receiving fraudulent calls, sales calls, SMS harassment, spam and so on.

　　2. Over-collection of personal information by mobile apps shows a general trend. According to the survey results, there are many kinds of permissions that mobile apps need to obtain, the most prominent of which is to obtain location information and access contact rights; Moreover, the user’s privacy rights are obtained when the function of the App itself is not necessary, which increases the risk of personal information disclosure; Most respondents believe that the reason why mobile apps collect personal information is to promote advertisements.

　　3. The frequency and depth of consumers’ reading of mobile App application rights and user agreements or privacy policies need to be improved. According to the survey, more consumers never or occasionally read the text descriptions such as the application rights of mobile App and the user agreement or privacy policy. Moreover, due to the lack of knowledge of network technology and the length of written expression, some consumers will not fully read the written description of privacy policy, or browse it roughly, or read key chapters, and they are not deeply aware of it, and it is easy to miss key information or key descriptions. There are also a large number of consumers who can’t use the App without authorization and have never read the application rights and user agreement or privacy policy of the app.

　　4. The countermeasures after the disclosure of consumers’ personal information are insufficient. According to the survey data, after the disclosure of personal information, consumers are most worried about being used for fraud and theft or handing it over to a third party; However, it is worth noting that there are not a few respondents who choose to respond negatively and feel unlucky, and consumers’ awareness of active rights protection needs to be strengthened.

　　5. Consumers have a strong awareness of personal information security but lack effective protection means. The survey shows that users protect personal information security by filling in some information, and the weak awareness of personal safety and inadequate supervision are the main reasons for personal information security problems in mobile apps. On the one hand, consumers and mobile App service providers are often in an unequal position, and they can only agree or be forced to agree to format terms and information access rights; On the other hand, although consumers have a sense of self-protection, they don’t know how to protect themselves more effectively, and it is difficult to deal with them effectively.

　　Iii. suggestions

　　This survey shows that with the rapid development of the mobile Internet, the leakage of consumers’ personal information is not optimistic, and there is a general trend of over-collection of personal information by mobile apps. Consumers have many concerns, but they often lack sufficient effective countermeasures to protect consumers’ personal information and privacy. How to protect consumers’ personal information and privacy, respect consumers’ values and wishes, and make consumers’ personal information and privacy data no longer "streaking" and be reasonably respected and protected is inseparable from the extensive participation and common governance of all sectors of society. To this end, the China Consumers Association suggests:

　　1. Improve relevant laws and regulations to provide a solid foundation for the long-term development of the industry. At present, China has issued some normative documents and recommended standards to regulate and guide the collection of personal information by App, but the disciplinary measures and compensation issues that consumers are generally concerned about are not deep enough. It is suggested to further clarify the rights and obligations of both parties in the network information service, especially the obligations and responsibilities of App service providers, do a good job in coping with and judging the risks and problems related to the application of personal information and data, and let the data industry in the network era develop within the scope of the rule of law.

　　2. Strengthen the dynamic supervision of enterprises to provide a solid guarantee for the orderly development of the industry. The supervision of mobile App and the protection of personal information need the cooperation and dynamic supervision of the relevant departments such as industrial credit, market supervision, public security, culture and network security. First, strict access threshold and registration and filing, such as the review of developer qualifications, the registration and filing of App, the review of App service functions and contents, and all aspects of violation punishment mechanism should form a linkage to strengthen source governance; Second, severely punish all kinds of violations of laws and regulations, severely crack down on the black industrial chain of personal information trafficking, and form a normalized supervision mechanism for violations of consumers’ personal privacy information; The third is to pay close attention to the development trend of App in the market, such as jointly establishing an App spot check system and a blacklist system, and promptly publicizing the blacklisted software to remind consumers to download it carefully.

　　3. Urge enterprises to be self-disciplined and provide internal motivation for the healthy development of the industry. First of all, App service providers must establish the awareness of the first person responsible for consumer rights protection, adhere to the "safety" bottom line, and strengthen the responsibility to protect consumers’ personal information; Secondly, enterprises should obtain user data in a reasonable and legal way, and take effective measures to ensure the safety of users’ personal information and data, and win consumers’ choice and trust with service quality and security guarantee; Third, enterprises should avoid misunderstanding and misreading by consumers in a concise, eye-catching and easy-to-understand way when providing relevant services and fulfilling their obligation to inform; Fourth, enterprises should fully listen to and respect consumers’ reasonable demands and opinions and give timely feedback to improve consumers’ satisfaction and trust.

　　4. Encourage the public to participate and strengthen the popularization of network knowledge and safety education norms. On the one hand, it is necessary to widely mobilize social forces to jointly deal with the information leakage of mobile App through social propaganda, social mobilization, social participation and social supervision, strengthen the popularization of network knowledge and safety education norms, and enhance consumers’ awareness of personal information security protection and rights protection; On the other hand, it is necessary to unblock complaint channels and rights protection channels, and let consumers actively participate in the actions to safeguard personal information security through the construction of convenient complaint, report, feedback and handling channels, so as to enhance consumers’ rights protection will and effect.

　　5. Cultivate good information credit awareness and usage habits. Consumers should pay attention to "four attentions" when choosing to use mobile App: First, they should pay attention to choosing safe and compliant App products and services, and choose formal and effective channels for download and installation; Second, we should pay attention to carefully reading the Application authority and user agreement or privacy policy description of the app to understand the operational precautions; Third, we should pay attention to cultivate good habits, do not arbitrarily open and agree to unnecessary reading rights, do not arbitrarily input personal privacy information, and regularly maintain and clean up relevant data; Fourth, we should pay attention to seriously deal with the problem of personal privacy information being leaked. When personal information is found to be leaked, we should take the initiative to protect rights in time through effective means and report it to relevant departments when necessary, so as to protect more consumers from it.

　　Xinhua News Agency, Davos, Switzerland, January 17th-The Supreme Leader of president attended the opening ceremony of the 2017 annual meeting of the World Economic Forum on January 17th and delivered a keynote speech entitled "Sharing the responsibility of the times and promoting global development together". The full text of the speech is as follows:

Sharing the responsibility of the times and promoting global development

— — Keynote speech at the opening ceremony of the 2017 annual meeting of the World Economic Forum

(Davos, January 17, 2017)

Chairman People’s Republic of China (PRC), Supreme Leader

　　Dear President Leuther Harder and Mr. Hausen,

　　Distinguished heads of state, heads of government, deputy heads of state and their wives,

　　Dear heads of international organizations,

　　Dear President Schwab and his wife,

　　Ladies and gentlemen, friends,

　　I am very happy to come to beautiful Davos. Although Davos is only a small town in the Alps, it is an important window to observe the world economy. Everyone gathered here from all directions, and all kinds of ideas collided with sparks of wisdom, and achieved high output with less input. I think this phenomenon can be called "Schwab economics".

　　"This is the best time, but also the worst time", British writer Dickens once described the world after the industrial revolution. Today, we also live in a contradictory world. On the one hand, material wealth is accumulating, scientific and technological progress is changing with each passing day, and human civilization has developed to the highest level in history. On the other hand, regional conflicts occur frequently, and global challenges such as terrorism and refugee flows are one after another. Poverty, unemployment and income gap are widening, and the uncertainty facing the world is rising.

　　In this regard, many people are confused. What happened to the world?

　　To solve this puzzle, we must first find the root of the problem. There is a view that the world chaos is attributed to economic globalization. Economic globalization was once regarded as the cave of Alibaba, and now it is regarded as Pandora’s box by many people. The international community has held extensive discussions around the issue of economic globalization.

　　Today, I want to talk about my views on the world economy from the perspective of economic globalization.

　　What I want to say is that many problems that plague the world are not caused by economic globalization. For example, in the past few years, the tide of refugees from the Middle East and North Africa has affected the whole world, millions of people have been displaced, and even many young children have been buried in the sea on the way, which makes us sad. The causes of this problem are wars, conflicts and regional turmoil. The way to solve this problem is to seek peace, promote reconciliation and restore stability. For another example, the international financial crisis is not the inevitable product of the development of economic globalization, but the result of excessive profit-seeking of financial capital and serious lack of financial supervision. Simply blaming the problems that plague the world on economic globalization is neither in line with the facts nor helpful to solve the problems.

　　Historically, economic globalization is the objective requirement of the development of social productive forces and the inevitable result of scientific and technological progress, and it is not artificially created by any person or country. Economic globalization has provided a strong impetus for world economic growth and promoted the flow of goods and capital, the progress of science and technology and civilization, and people-to-people exchanges among countries.

　　Of course, we also have to admit that economic globalization is a "double-edged sword". When the world economy is in a downturn, the "cake" of the global economy is not easy to get bigger or even smaller, and the contradiction between growth and distribution, capital and labor, efficiency and fairness will become more prominent, and both developed and developing countries will feel the pressure and impact. The voice of anti-globalization reflects the deficiency of the process of economic globalization, which deserves our attention and deep thinking.

　　"Sweet melons are bitter, and beautiful dates are thorns." Philosophically speaking, there is no perfect thing in the world. It is not comprehensive to regard it as perfect because it has advantages, and it is not comprehensive to regard it as useless because it has disadvantages. Economic globalization has indeed brought new problems, but we can’t kill it with a stick, but we should adapt to and guide it, eliminate its negative effects and make it better benefit every country and nation.

　　At that time, China had misgivings about economic globalization and had misgivings about joining the World Trade Organization. However, we believe that integration into the world economy is the historical direction. If China wants to develop its economy, it must dare to swim in the sea of Wang Yang in the world market. If it never dares to go to the sea to see the world, it will drown in the sea one day. Therefore, China bravely entered the world market. In this process, we choked over water, encountered whirlpools and encountered storms, but we learned to swim in swimming. This is the right strategic choice.

　　The sea of the world economy, whether you want it or not, is there and you can’t avoid it. It is impossible to artificially cut off the capital flow, technology flow, product flow, industrial flow and personnel flow of various countries’ economies, and let the sea of the world economy retreat to isolated small lakes and rivers, which is also inconsistent with the historical trend.

　　Human history tells us that it is not terrible to have problems. What is terrible is that we dare not face the problems directly and cannot find a way to solve them. Facing the opportunities and challenges brought by economic globalization, the correct choice is to make full use of all opportunities, cooperate with all challenges, and guide the direction of economic globalization.

　　At the end of last year, I proposed at the informal meeting of APEC leaders that the process of economic globalization should be more dynamic, inclusive and sustainable. We should take the initiative and manage appropriately, so as to release more positive effects of economic globalization and realize the rebalancing of the process of economic globalization; We should conform to the general trend, combine the national conditions and correctly choose the path and rhythm of integrating into economic globalization; We should stress efficiency and fairness, so that different countries, different classes and different people can share the benefits of economic globalization. This is the responsibility of the leaders of our time, and it is also the expectation of people from all over the world.

　　Ladies and gentlemen, friends!

　　At present, the most urgent task is to lead the world economy out of the predicament. The world economy has been in a long-term downturn, and the gap between the rich and the poor and the gap between the north and the south has become more prominent. The root cause is that the three prominent contradictions in the economic field have not been effectively solved.

　　First, the global growth momentum is insufficient to support the sustained and steady growth of the world economy. The growth rate of the world economy is at the lowest level in seven years, and the growth rate of global trade continues to be lower than the economic growth rate. Short-term policy stimulus is not effective, and deep-seated structural reforms are still being promoted. The world economy is in the shift period of kinetic energy conversion, and the pulling effect of traditional growth engines on the economy is weakened. Although new technologies such as artificial intelligence and 3D printing are constantly emerging, new economic growth points have not yet formed. The world economy has still failed to open up a new path.

　　Second, global economic governance is lagging behind and it is difficult to adapt to the new changes in the world economy. Not long ago, Ms. Lagarde told me that the contribution rate of emerging market countries and developing countries to global economic growth has reached 80%. In the past few decades, the international economic power has undergone profound changes, but the global governance system has failed to reflect the new pattern, which is not representative and inclusive enough. The global industrial layout is constantly adjusting, and new industrial chains, value chains and supply chains are increasingly formed. However, trade and investment rules have failed to keep up with the new situation, and the mechanism is closed and the rules are fragmented. The global financial market needs to strengthen its ability to resist risks, but the global financial governance mechanism has failed to meet the new demand, and it is difficult to effectively solve the problems such as frequent turmoil in the international financial market and the accumulation of asset bubbles.

　　Third, the global development is unbalanced and it is difficult to meet people’s expectations for a better life. In his book The Fourth Industrial Revolution, Mr. Schwab wrote that the fourth industrial revolution will have an extremely extensive and far-reaching impact, including increasing inequality, especially the gap between capital return and labor return. The wealth of the richest 1% population in the world exceeds the sum of the wealth of the remaining 99% population, and the unequal income distribution and unbalanced development space are worrying. More than 700 million people in the world still live in extreme poverty. For many families, having a warm house, enough food and a stable job is still a luxury. This is the biggest challenge facing the world today, and it is also an important reason for social unrest in some countries.

　　These problems reflect that there are problems that must be solved in the current world economic growth, governance and development model. Du Nan, the founder of the International Red Cross, said: "The real enemy is not our neighbors, but hunger, poverty, ignorance, superstition and prejudice." We should not only have the wisdom to analyze problems, but also have the courage to take action.

　　First, adhere to the drive of innovation and create a dynamic growth model. The fundamental problem facing the world economy is the lack of growth momentum. Innovation is the first driving force for development. Compared with previous industrial revolutions, the fourth industrial revolution unfolded at an exponential but nonlinear speed. We must find a way out in innovation. Only by daring to innovate and change can we break through the bottleneck of world economic growth and development.

　　The G20 leaders reached an important consensus at the Hangzhou Summit, and they should take innovation as an important starting point to tap new impetus for economic growth of countries and the world. We should innovate the concept of development, go beyond the debate about whether fiscal stimulus is more or monetary easing is more, and establish the idea of treating both the symptoms and root causes and comprehensive policies. We should innovate policy means, promote structural reforms, create space for growth and increase stamina. We should innovate the growth mode, grasp the opportunities brought by the new round of industrial revolution and digital economy, not only deal with the challenges brought by climate change and aging population, but also resolve the impact of informationization and automation on employment, and pay attention to creating new employment opportunities in the process of cultivating new industries, new formats and new models, so that people of all countries can regain their confidence and hope.

　　Second, adhere to synergy and create an open and win-win cooperation model. Human beings have become a community of destiny in which you have me and I have you. Their interests are highly integrated and interdependent. Every country has the right to development, and at the same time, it should consider its own interests at a broader level, not at the expense of the interests of other countries.

　　We must unswervingly develop an open world economy, share opportunities and interests in opening up and achieve mutual benefit and win-win results. You can’t retreat to the harbor as soon as you encounter a storm, it will never reach the other side. We must make great efforts to develop global connectivity, so that all countries in the world can achieve coordinated growth and move towards common prosperity. We must unswervingly develop global free trade and investment, promote the liberalization and facilitation of trade and investment in the process of opening up, and take a clear-cut stand against protectionism. Protectionism is like shutting yourself in a dark room. It seems to have escaped the wind and rain, but it also isolates the sun and the air. The result of a trade war can only be mutual loss.

　　Third, keep pace with the times and create a fair and reasonable governance model. Xiao Zhi governs affairs, and great wisdom governs the system. The urgency of the reform of the global economic governance system is becoming more and more prominent, and the voice of the international community is getting higher and higher. Only when the global governance system adapts to the new requirements of the international economic structure can it provide a strong guarantee for the global economy.

　　All countries, big or small, strong or weak, rich or poor, are equal members of the international community and should participate in decision-making, enjoy rights and fulfill obligations on an equal footing. It is necessary to give emerging market countries and developing countries more representation and voice. In 2010, the IMF’s quota reform program has come into effect, and this momentum should be maintained. We must adhere to multilateralism and safeguard the authority and effectiveness of the multilateral system. To keep promises and abide by rules, you can’t choose or choose according to your own wishes. The Paris Agreement is in line with the general direction of global development, and the results are hard-won. We should stick to it together and not give up lightly. This is our responsibility to future generations!

　　Fourth, adhere to fairness and tolerance and create a balanced and inclusive development model. "The trip to the avenue is also the world’s public." The purpose of development is to benefit the people. To make development more balanced, to make development opportunities more equal, and to share the fruits of development, it is necessary to improve the development concept and model and enhance the fairness, effectiveness and synergy of development.

　　We should advocate the social atmosphere of diligence, frugality and hard work, so that all people’s labor achievements can be respected. Efforts should be made to solve problems such as poverty, unemployment and widening income gap, take care of the concerns of vulnerable groups and promote social fairness and justice. We should protect the ecological environment, promote the coordinated development of economy, society and environment, and realize the harmony between man and nature and between man and society. It is necessary to implement the United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and achieve balanced development on a global scale.

　　"If you do what you do, you will be invincible; What the wisdom of all people does is nothing. " As long as we firmly establish the sense of community of human destiny, work together, share responsibility, help each other in the same boat and tide over difficulties together, we will certainly be able to make the world better and people happier.

　　Ladies and gentlemen, friends!

　　After 38 years of reform and opening up, China has become the second largest economy in the world. The road determines fate. The key to the development of China lies in that the people of China, under the leadership of the Communist Party of China, have embarked on a development path suitable for China’s national conditions.

　　This is a road established from the national conditions of our country. China, based on its own national conditions and practice, draws wisdom from Chinese civilization, absorbs the strengths of eastern and western schools, sticks to it without being rigid, draws lessons from it without copying it, and forms its own development path through constant exploration. All roads lead to Rome. No one should regard their own development path as a statue, let alone impose their own development path on others.

　　This is a road that puts people’s interests first. China adheres to the people-centered development thought, taking improving people’s lives and enhancing people’s well-being as the starting point and the end result, seeking development impetus among the people, relying on the people to promote development, and making development benefit the people. China adheres to the goal of common prosperity, vigorously promotes the cause of poverty reduction, helps more than 700 million people get rid of poverty, and is making rapid progress towards the goal of building a well-off society in an all-round way.

　　This is a road of reform and innovation. China persists in solving the difficulties and challenges encountered in its progress through reform, dares to gnaw at hard bones and wade into dangerous beaches, dares to break down institutional and institutional obstacles that hinder development, and constantly liberates and develops social productive forces and enhances social vitality. In the past four years, we have launched more than 1,200 reform measures on the basis of continuous reform in the previous 30 years, which has injected a strong impetus into the development of China.

　　This is a road to seek common development in opening up. China adheres to the basic national policy of opening to the outside world, pursues a win-win opening strategy, constantly enhances the internal and external linkage of development, and benefits more other countries and people while realizing its own development.

　　China has made great achievements in its development, and the people’s lives in China have been greatly improved, which is good for China and the world. China’s development achievements are the result of decades of hard work, blood and sweat by the people of Chinese. For thousands of years, the Chinese nation has been known for its hard work and hard work. The people of China know very well that there is no free lunch in the world. China is a big country with a population of more than 1.3 billion. If you want to develop, you have to work hard on your own, and you can’t rely on the gifts of others. No one in the world has such ability.

　　Observing the development of China depends on what the people of China have gained and what the people of China have worked hard. It depends not only on what China has achieved, but also on what China has contributed to the world. This is a comprehensive view.

　　From 1950 to 2016, despite its low level of long-term development and people’s living standards, China provided more than 400 billion yuan in foreign aid, implemented more than 5,000 foreign aid projects, including nearly 3,000 complete sets of projects, held more than 11,000 training courses, and trained more than 260,000 people of various types in China for developing countries. Since the reform and opening up, China has attracted more than 1.7 trillion US dollars of foreign investment and 1.2 trillion US dollars of foreign direct investment, which has made great contributions to the development of the world economy. Since the outbreak of the international financial crisis, the contribution rate of China’s economic growth to world economic growth has been above 30% annually. These figures are among the best in the world.

　　From these figures, we can see that the development of China is an opportunity for the world, and China is a beneficiary and a contributor of economic globalization. China’s rapid economic growth has provided a sustained and powerful impetus to global economic stability and growth. The coordinated development of China and a large number of countries has made the global economic development more balanced. China’s great achievements in poverty reduction have made global economic growth more inclusive. China’s continuous reform and opening up has provided an important impetus for the development of an open world economy.

　　The people of China are well aware of the hardships of achieving national prosperity and strength. They all praise the development achievements made by the people of other countries and wish them all the best. They all hope that their lives will get better and better, and they will not commit "red eye disease" or complain that others have gained great opportunities and rich returns from the development of China. The people of China welcome people from all countries to take the "express train" and "free ride" developed by China with open arms.

　　Ladies and gentlemen, friends!

　　Many people are paying attention to the economic development trend of China. China’s economic development has entered a new normal, and major changes are taking place in economic growth rate, economic development mode, economic structure and economic development momentum. However, the long-term positive fundamentals of China’s economy have not changed.

　　In 2016, against the background of weak world economy, China’s economy is expected to grow by 6.7%, still in the forefront of the world. Now, the size of China’s economy can’t be compared with the past, and the kinetic energy of agglomeration can’t be reached by the past double-digit growth. China residents’ consumption and service industry have become the main driving forces of economic growth. In the first three quarters of 2016, the added value of tertiary industry accounted for 52.8% of GDP, and the contribution rate of domestic consumption to economic growth reached 71%. Residents’ income and employment have achieved steady growth, energy consumption per unit of GDP has continued to decline, and green development has achieved initial results.

　　At present, China’s economy is facing certain downward pressure and many difficulties, such as the contradiction between overcapacity and upgrading of demand structure, the lack of endogenous motivation for economic growth, the accumulation of financial risks and the increase of difficulties in some areas. We believe that these are inevitable stage phenomena in the process of progress, and we are making great efforts to solve these problems and contradictions, and have continuously achieved positive results. Our firm determination to move forward will not waver. China is still the largest developing country in the world. China has a population of more than 1.3 billion, and its people’s living standard is not high, but it also means great development potential and space. Under the guidance of the development concept of innovation, coordination, green, openness and sharing, we will constantly adapt to, grasp and lead the new normal of China’s economic development, and make overall plans to stabilize growth, promote reform, adjust structure, benefit people’s livelihood and prevent risks, so as to promote China’s economy to maintain medium and high-speed growth and move towards the middle and high-end level.

　　— — China will focus on improving the quality and efficiency of economic growth, change the mode of economic development around the main line of supply-side structural reform, optimize the economic structure, actively promote de-capacity, de-inventory, de-leverage, reduce costs and make up shortcomings, foster new growth momentum, develop advanced manufacturing industries, realize the upgrading of the real economy, implement the "internet plus" action plan in depth, expand effective demand, better meet people’s personalized and diversified needs, and better protect the ecological environment.

　　— — China will continue to stimulate growth momentum and market vitality, intensify reforms in important areas and key links, make the market play a decisive role in resource allocation, hold the "bull’s nose" of innovation, promote the development strategy of innovation-driven development, promote the development of strategic emerging industries, focus on upgrading traditional industries with new technologies and new formats, and promote the development and growth of new kinetic energy and the rejuvenation of traditional kinetic energy.

　　— — China will actively create a relaxed and orderly investment environment, relax foreign investment access, build a high-standard free trade pilot zone, strengthen property rights protection, promote fair competition, and make the China market more transparent and standardized. It is estimated that in the next five years, China will import 8 trillion US dollars of goods and absorb 600 billion US dollars of foreign investment, with a total foreign investment of 750 billion US dollars and 700 million outbound tourists. This will provide countries around the world with a broader market, more capital, richer products and more valuable opportunities for cooperation. For the industrial and commercial circles of all countries, the development of China is still an opportunity for everyone. The door of China is always open to the world and will not be closed. With the door open, the world can enter China and China can go to the world. We hope that the doors of all countries will also be open to China investors fairly.

　　— — China will vigorously build a common development pattern of opening to the outside world, promote the construction of the Asia-Pacific Free Trade Area and the negotiation of regional comprehensive economic partnership agreements, and build a global network of free trade areas. China has always advocated building an open, transparent, mutually beneficial and win-win regional free trade arrangement, rather than engaging in exclusive and fragmented circles. China has no intention to enhance its trade competitiveness through RMB depreciation, let alone take the initiative to wage currency wars.

　　More than three years ago, I proposed the Belt and Road Initiative. Over the past three years, more than 100 countries and international organizations have actively responded to support, and more than 40 countries and international organizations have signed cooperation agreements with China. The "circle of friends" of the Belt and Road Initiative is constantly expanding. China enterprises have invested more than 50 billion dollars in countries along the route, and a series of major projects have blossomed, which has promoted the economic development of various countries and created a large number of employment opportunities. It can be said that the Belt and Road Initiative came from China, but its effectiveness has benefited the world.

　　In May this year, China will host the "One Belt, One Road" international cooperation summit forum in Beijing to discuss cooperation plans, build a cooperation platform, share cooperation achievements, find solutions to the current problems facing the world and regional economies, inject new energy into the coordinated development, and make the "One Belt, One Road" construction better benefit people of all countries.

　　Ladies and gentlemen, friends!

　　The development of world history tells us that there has never been a smooth road to the progress of human civilization, and human beings are advancing in the struggle against difficulties. No matter how difficult it is, it is impossible to stop the pace of human progress. When you encounter difficulties, don’t blame yourself, don’t blame others, don’t give up confidence, don’t shirk your responsibilities, but overcome them together. History is made by brave people. Let’s show confidence, take action and move forward hand in hand towards the future!

　　Thank you all.

2025 Spring Festival File

Four films have been booked.

Did you find the point?

"Nezha’s Devil Children Naughting the Sea" is scheduled for New Year’s Day.

Successfully entered the most "brutal" schedule of the year-Spring Festival.

And behind this high-profile sequel

Xiangcheng corporation

Suzhou hongjing movie and television cultural communication co., ltd

(hereinafter referred to as "Red Whale Film and Television")

Once again played a vital role.

★ Ge Yi, the person in charge of the enterprise

As the animation director of "Nezha’s Devil Children Making a Sea".

★ The enterprise undertakes the main production tasks.

The total duration is over 20 minutes.

According to the official website of the State Film Bureau, the story outline of "Nezha’s Devil Children Naughting the Sea" is as follows: After the natural disaster, although the souls of Nezha and Ao Bing were saved, their bodies will soon be out of their wits. Taiyi real person intends to reshape the flesh of the two with seven-color lotus. However, there are many difficulties in the process of remolding the flesh. Where will the fate of Nezha and Ao Bing go?

Ne Zha, which was released in 2019, was deeply loved by the audience with its unique painting style and profound theme. In the end, the box office exceeded 5 billion, making it the number one animated film in China film history. With the perfect presentation of Ne Zha, the audience’s expectations for "The Devil’s Child in Nezha" are full, which also requires the film to be continuously upgraded in production and bring more shocking experiences to the audience.

According to the production team of Red Whale Film and Television, compared with the 400 special effects shots that participated in the production of Ne Zha, the company undertook the main production task, involving all the production processes of art, animation and special effects, with a total duration of over 20 minutes, and wonderful animation chapters, which condensed the team’s countless hard work and creativity day and night.

Ge Yi, the head of Red Whale Film and Television, served as the animation director of "Nezha’s Devil Children Making a Sea". Under his leadership, the team kept polishing the production, striving to carve every picture and every movement to the extreme, and went all out to present the most shocking and moving universe to the audience.

"Anime movies should have an immersive experience. In the production process, more attention should be paid to the use of colors, scene transformation and depth of field, so the control of details is stricter, from the details of an object to the creation of a scene. It needs to be fine enough." According to Ge Yi, the whole project company invested a total of 160 producers, and it took about 26 months to complete the work goal.

Since Red Whale Film and Television settled in Suzhou Xiangcheng High-speed Railway Xincheng Film and Television Animation Industrial Park in March 2017, it has made its mark in the field of film and television and game animation with its outstanding strength. Its creative team has successively created many explosive movies such as Ne Zha and Legend of Deification, and also carefully produced CG for large-scale games such as Yin and Yang Master, After Tomorrow and League of Legends, leaving high-quality word-of-mouth works for audiences in different fields.

"Nezha’s Devil Children Make a Sea"

File the first day of the lunar new year.

Looking forward to the "Nezha" box office.

Leading all the way and reaching new heights.

Remember to bring your family and friends.

Call for Nezha together!

Extended reading:

Ne Zha, the former film, was written and directed by jiaozi (formerly known as Yu Yang) and was released in Chinese mainland on July 26th, 2019. The story background of the film comes from the story of Nezha in the fairy tale "The Romance of the Gods", and based on this, it is adapted to portray Nezha as a "magic boy" in troubled times who has come into the world by mistake. The film tells a fantastic story about this character, although he was born as a magic, but he went against the sky.

After the release of Ne Zha, it caused a great response, and the box office word-of-mouth double harvest. Not only did it win the Golden Dragon Award, the Hundred Flowers Award Award and the Golden Rooster Award in China, but the box office finally exceeded 5 billion, making it the first animated film in China film history. Red Whale Film and Television actively participated in the production of the film. About 400 of the 1,800 realistic and delicate shots in the whole film came from enterprises, and most of them were time-consuming and difficult special effects shots, which contributed an important force to this phenomenal film.

▼

Welcome to pay attention to the video number of Xiangcheng today.

(① Enter the video ② Click on the account avatar ③ Pay attention)

Produced by Xiangcheng Rong Media Center

Original title: "More than 5 years, it can be counted back! 》

Read the original text