Ride all the way to the battlefield

■ Zhang Naiqian

"Helicopter+motorcycle", can you imagine that this will become a "magic combination" on the modern battlefield? At the Dubai Air Show held not long ago, a UH-60 Black Hawk helicopter displayed by the United Arab Emirates carried an electric all-terrain motorcycle through a special side hitch. According to reports, the "combination" aims to use helicopters to bring the special warfare team into the mission area and complete the rapid assault by riding a motorcycle in the "last mile" of the battlefield.

Riding all the way to the battlefield was once a real historical picture. Whether bicycles or motorcycles, these "small two-wheeled land vehicles" were quickly put into the battlefield as soon as they came out, and a number of classic weapons were successively produced in magic change. Today, we can still see them in the armies of various countries.

In this issue of "Wide Angle of Weapons", let’s look back at the "Hundred Years’ Military History" of bicycles and motorcycles and explore the wonderful past of "going to war alone".

They have a "hundred years of military history"-

The battlefield iron horse emerged.

In the classic French comedy film "Escape from Danger" of World War II, the scene of German soldiers riding military motorcycles and chasing British pilots all the way made people sweat for the brave and tenacious pilots, and at the same time, they deeply realized the unique role of military motorcycles in mobile operations on the battlefield. In another World War II movie "War Day", the Danish army that resisted the German "Armored Corps" turned out to be an army equipped with bicycles.

Look at all kinds of bicycles and bike-sharing now shuttling through the streets. Have you ever thought that their "predecessors" used to be "iron horses in the battlefield"? Since ancient times, the pursuit of flexibility and mobility has been the eternal goal of the armies of various countries. Compared with horses, they need to be fed and carefully cared for. Bicycles are light and flexible to use, do not consume fuel, have low noise and are easy to hide. They can not only transport soldiers, but also cross rugged mountain roads. It’s no wonder that bicycles were quickly favored by armies of various countries after their birth.

On the battlefield of the Franco-Prussian War in 1870, the first military bicycle appeared. Prussian messengers rode bicycles to transmit information and orders on the battlefield, and the French army also sent bicycle squads to frequently penetrate the Prussian rear to spy on information. During the First World War, bicycles became one of the main equipment of the armies of the participating countries. France, Belgium and Britain each have more than 100,000 bicycle troops. Every light infantry battalion of the German Army has specially set up a bicycle company.

During the Second World War, the United States, the Soviet Union and Germany each had their own star "war horse". The American Harley-Davidson WLA motorcycle shines brilliantly on the battlefield, and the Soviet M-72 motorcycle is easy to produce and durable. The BMW R12, R35, R71 and R75 are all favored by the Germans. During the Iran-Iraq War, Iranian soldiers riding motorcycles quickly attacked the Iraqi army’s tank cluster, using rocket launchers, anti-tank grenades and burning grenades to storm the tank forces, and interpreted a unique war history of "motorcycles hitting tanks".

Today, bicycles and motorcycles are still indispensable and important "cars" for soldiers under complex terrain conditions. Regardless of the war in Afghanistan or Iraq, the U.S. military defines bicycles as special auxiliary equipment for Stryker armored vehicles and Hummer off-road vehicles. Once the vehicle breaks down, is destroyed or cannot pass through the terrain, the US military can take out its bicycle and ride all the way to the battlefield. In the open exercise screen of the Iranian Army in 2021, you can also see the scene of soldiers riding motorcycles to quickly launch a battlefield assault.

Bmw R75 motorcycle.

Focus on operations and install "magic change"

At the China International Aviation and Aerospace Expo in 2018, China Aerospace Science and Technology Group displayed the "Cang Lang" missile launching system, which installed a multi-purpose missile launcher on an all-terrain motorcycle. The "infantry assault vehicle" equipped by the Nigerian Army can fully adapt to the local combat environment by installing protective shields and RPK series machine guns on motorcycles, and realize the integration of battlefield mobility and fire assault.

Since bicycles and motorcycles joined the army, they have been used for battlefield maneuvering, improving quick reaction ability, undertaking reconnaissance, vigilance and transportation tasks, and also quickly entered the battlefield "magic change" era with various weapons. British-designed BSA military bicycle has a rifle support clip installed at the seat strut for fixing guns; Italians who dare to "try early" put Maxim’s heavy machine guns on tandem two-seater bicycles; Germany also installed anti-tank weapons and light mortars on TR-FA bicycles. These "machine-gun chariots" react quickly, and the bomb load is not small in the case of multi-vehicle cooperation. They are strange weapons with both offensive and defensive functions on the battlefield.

Compared with bicycles, motorcycles are also a good platform for carrying weapons. During World War II, the Germans equipped heavy-duty sidecar motorcycles with machine guns, carrying several boxes of machine gun bullets and sometimes a light mortar. During the Battle of Berlin in 1945, the Germans used armed bicycles and motorcycles to infiltrate and sneak attack Soviet armored forces and destroyed a number of Soviet tanks.

Another one written in the history of weapons is the German Sdkfz.2 semi-crawler motorcycle. The first half of this motorcycle is no different from ordinary motorcycles, but the second half uses staggered load wheels and crawler-type walking devices, so it is called "Centaur". In 1941, this type of motorcycle was officially put into operation on the eastern front by the German army in the Barbarosa operation, showing its strong passing ability on the muddy road conditions on the battlefield. In fact, whether it is transporting ammunition, pulling artillery, or pulling a few heavily armed soldiers to support the front line, its battlefield performance is remarkable, and the German Air Force even uses it to tow aircraft, which is called the "all-purpose oil" equipment of the Germans on the battlefield.

Get through the "last mile" of the battlefield-

The wheels are rolling and the stage is vast.

With the smoke of World War II dispersed, mechanization and informatization have become the main theme of military development in various countries, and a large number of mechanized equipment have been installed one after another. As "veterans" in the military, bicycles and motorcycles seem to be slowly retiring. In fact, as a portable vehicle that can get through the "last mile" of the battlefield, cycling vehicles still have a broad stage in the modern battlefield.

Rapid force delivery should not be underestimated. As the most "bicycle-loving" army, the Swiss bicycle force was not abolished until the beginning of this century. When you open the map, you can find that Switzerland, which has many mountains and lakes, is a "paradise" for cycling troops. They can cross most mountain roads without fuel and fight in various complex terrain conditions. For this reason, even though the special bicycle troops were cancelled, Switzerland still has not given up military bicycles. Besides exercising physical fitness and adapting to the unique mountain environment, it is also specially used for special forces. Compared with bicycles, armies all over the world still keep a certain number of military motorcycles. Germany’s latest "BMW" F850 GS military motorcycle is a cross-country motorcycle specially used for fast maneuvering.

Folding portability is favored by officers and men. In addition to constantly improving the attack capability, folding and portability has also become the direction of bicycle and motorcycle modification. During World War II, British and German airborne troops were equipped with folding paratroopers’ bicycles. Britain has specially designed Will folding motorcycles for British special operations forces and airborne troops. After the motorcycle is folded and airdropped by a special umbrella bag, it can be unfolded and set off within 10 seconds. In the 1980s, multifunctional mountain bikes and foldable paratroopers developed by the US Department of Defense entered the US military service. The "Paratrooper" folding bicycle weighs 14 kilograms, can carry 150 kilograms, and the length and width of the body are not more than 90 centimeters. The bicycle can be folded or unfolded within 30 seconds. Because it is light and small, the "paratrooper" folding bicycle can be tied to the outside of tanks and armored vehicles, or hung on the paratroopers’ chest to skydive together, giving paratroopers flexible and fast mobility.

Electric silent or become the trend of the times. The electric car has good mute performance, and the sound it makes is even smaller than the voice of people. It can be used for special forces to quickly pass through rugged terrain and launch battlefield raids quietly. The "EZ Rider" electric vehicle being tested by the US Special Forces and the Israel Defense Forces can haul 250 kilograms of materials and travel nearly 40 kilometers on a single charge, which is suitable for special forces. The "Golan" electric off-road vehicle developed by Russia has a top speed of 110 kilometers per hour and a cruising range of 370 kilometers with additional batteries. Russia also specially installed AK-74 rifles, RPG rocket launchers and Grenade launchers for the "Golan" electric off-road vehicle, in order to play an important role in future special forces’ ambush and reconnaissance operations.

Layout design: Xie An

E-mail for this edition: jfjbbqdg@163.com

　　Cctv news(News Network): In January this year, the new version of the national medical insurance drug list was implemented, and the national negotiated drugs have been equipped in more than 150,000 designated medical institutions across the country.

　　Mr. Xie, a citizen of Huzhou, Zhejiang Province, bought a national medical insurance negotiation drug in a retail pharmacy, which is a targeted drug for the treatment of malignant tumors.

　　On January 1st this year, the new national medical insurance catalogue was implemented, and 67 kinds of drugs were added through negotiation, with an average price reduction of 62%, covering the demand for drugs such as tumors, chronic diseases and rare diseases. To reduce the drug burden of the masses, it is not only that drugs can be "reimbursed" in medical insurance, but also that people can use drugs conveniently and quickly, so as to improve the accessibility of negotiated drugs. In order to solve the problem of negotiating drugs landing, in May last year, the National Medical Insurance Bureau put forward a "dual-channel" management mechanism for negotiating drugs, determined that designated retail pharmacies should be included in the supply guarantee scope of medical insurance drugs, and implemented a unified payment policy with medical institutions. By the end of February 2022, the negotiated drugs in the new national medical insurance drug list during the agreement period were equipped in 154,700 designated medical institutions nationwide, of which 42,100 were designated medical institutions and 112,600 were designated retail pharmacies.

　　According to the National Medical Insurance Bureau, in January this year alone, during the agreement period, 17.7387 million people were reimbursed for drugs negotiated, and the medical insurance fund spent 5.197 billion yuan, with an average actual reimbursement rate of 69.12%.

　　Since 2018, a total of six batches of drugs have been purchased by the state, and a total of 234 drugs have been purchased, involving 30% of the total annual procurement of chemicals in public medical institutions. According to the purchase amount before centralized procurement, the accumulated cost savings are more than 260 billion yuan.

On the way back to the classroom after class exercises.

The driver injured a student in school because the brakes were out of control.

Who should be responsible for drivers and schools?

recent days

The Ziyang District Court of Yiyang City, Hunan Province heard this case.

Cases involving campus safety

Please see this case ~

The picture comes from the network.

In February, 2022, when Li delivered the goods to a vocational school in Yiyang by car and returned to the downhill section of the campus, he lost control of the brakes and collided with 17-year-old Song, who was on his way back to the classroom after class exercises, causing Song to be injured. Later, Song was sent to the hospital for treatment, and the medical expenses were 34,176.29 yuan. After identification, Song’s right medial and lateral ankle fracture line involved the epiphysis, which was a grade 10 disability; Multiple fractures of the right foot cause complete destruction of the arch structure of the right foot, which is a grade 9 disability.

Afterwards, Song sued a vocational school, Li and the vehicle insurance company driven by Li to the court, demanding compensation for medical expenses, follow-up treatment fees, hospitalization food subsidies and other losses totaling 296,673 yuan.

After trial, the court held that citizens’ right to life and health was protected by law. If another person infringes upon a citizen’s personal rights due to his fault, he shall bear civil liability for compensation. The vehicle involved in the accident is owned by Li and has been insured with compulsory motor vehicle traffic accident liability insurance. According to Article 43 of the Regulations on Compulsory Motor Vehicle Traffic Accident Liability Insurance, for Song’s loss, the insurance company shall be liable for compensation within the limit of compulsory motor vehicle traffic accident liability insurance, and the rest shall be liable for compensation according to the degree of fault of all parties.

In this case, when driving on campus, Li should ensure the safety of pedestrians, especially on downhill roads, and pay attention to avoiding pedestrians. Li injured Song, who was returning to the classroom because of brake failure, and his fault was the root cause of the accident, and he should bear all the responsibility for the accident; A vocational school failed to fulfill the corresponding obligation of prompting and supervising the vehicles coming to the school. During the dissolution of recess exercise, it should try to avoid the traffic of vehicles on campus, thus inferring that a vocational school failed to fulfill its management responsibilities, and according to the provisions of Article 1201 of the Civil Code of People’s Republic of China (PRC), it was determined that the school should bear 30% of the supplementary liability for compensation.

Based on the above situation, the court ruled that the insurance company compensated Song for medical expenses, follow-up treatment expenses, hospital food subsidies, nursing expenses and other losses of 180,000 yuan within 10 days from the effective date of the judgment; Li compensated Song for medical expenses, follow-up treatment expenses, hospital food subsidies, nursing expenses and other losses of 81,536.99 yuan within 10 days from the effective date of this judgment; A vocational school shall bear the supplementary compensation liability within the range of 24,461.09 yuan when Li can’t pay off the above sum. After the school bears the above supplementary compensation liability, it has the right to recover from Li.

01

The accident happened in a closed campus. Is it a road traffic accident?

This case is a dispute over damages caused by an accident when a vehicle passes outside the road. If a motor vehicle is damaged by a traffic accident, it shall be liable for compensation in accordance with the relevant provisions of the road traffic safety law. Article 77 of the Road Traffic Safety Law of the People’s Republic of China stipulates that accidents that occur when vehicles pass outside the road shall be handled with reference to the relevant provisions of the Road Traffic Safety Law. Article 25 of the Interpretation of the Supreme People’s Court on Several Issues Concerning the Application of Laws in the Trial of Road Traffic Accident Damage Compensation Cases stipulates that the provisions of this Interpretation may be applied with reference to damage compensation cases caused by motor vehicles passing outside roads. In this case, Song was injured by a motor vehicle in a non-road traffic accident on campus, and his personal injury compensation can be handled in accordance with the above-mentioned legal provisions.

02

Who will bear the responsibility for the traffic accident on the way to delivery?

According to the provisions of Article 1191 of the Civil Code of People’s Republic of China (PRC), if a student suffers personal injury from an off-campus person while he is at school, the infringer shall bear the responsibility. If the staff of the employing unit causes damage to others due to the execution of work tasks, the employing unit shall bear the tort liability. In this case, a maintenance service co., Ltd. contracted the maintenance and cleaning project of the drainage ditch and septic tank in the male and female dormitory of the school. Li, an outsider in this case, is not a worker or employee of the company, but a deliveryman. Because of his fault, he should bear all the responsibilities.

03

Does the school take responsibility for the accident on campus?

According to Article 1201 of the Civil Code of People’s Republic of China (PRC), if a person without or with limited capacity for civil conduct suffers personal injury from a third person outside the kindergarten, school or other educational institution during his study and life, the third person shall bear the tort liability; Kindergartens, schools or other educational institutions that fail to fulfill their management responsibilities shall bear corresponding supplementary responsibilities. Article 9, paragraph 2, of the Measures for Handling Student Injury Accidents stipulates that if the school safety management system has obvious omissions or management confusion and fails to take timely measures to cause student injury, the school shall bear corresponding responsibilities according to law.

At the time of the incident, Song was a person with limited capacity. During the dissolution of the class exercise, when Li was driving on campus, the school did not have managers to stop reminding him. It can be seen that the school’s safety management was negligent and did not do its due management duties, which caused Song’s personal injury accident. If the school is at fault, it should bear corresponding supplementary responsibilities. After the school assumes the supplementary responsibility, it can recover from Li.

In addition, students are injured from time to time due to construction on campus. During construction, the school should not only educate students about safety, but also make necessary control over related work, always reminding them to pay attention to the safety of teachers and students and create a safe campus environment.

Original title: "Brake failure, driver school delivery hits students, how to define the responsibility? The court ruled! 》

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　　The summer vacation is coming, and the long task of accompanying the baby begins. There are some restaurants in Beijing, which are most suitable for children to spend a relaxing hour in summer, that is, warm and interesting pet restaurants.

　　Many friends around me like cats and dogs very much, and the baby is naturally fond of small animals, but for various reasons, she can’t raise them herself, so she can only go to some cat cafes or dog restaurants to have fun. A careful inventory shows that there are many such pet restaurants in Beijing, and not only cats and dogs, raccoons and alpacas … … I’m afraid the children went to these places and forgot to eat when they were just playing!

　　Super healing "expression pack expert" is now true.

　　Shiba Inu is definitely a new overlord in the cute pet world, and has captured the hearts of all dog lovers with various expression packs. Therefore, when Beijing finally has a coffee shop with the theme of Shiba Inu, it naturally attracts a large wave of people to "pull the grass". The "Dahuangjia Shiba Inu Theme Coffee Shop" only opened at the end of May, but it was quite popular. It opened the latest recommendation of public comments, and it was all punched out.

　　Buy a package ticket, including a drink, and then you can go in and "burn firewood". All the people who enter the venue have to change their slippers, and their hands will be simply disinfected. Generally, venues with dogs will smell, but this one is very clean and has no smell. Whenever a dog poops, the staff will rush to dispose of it at the first time. There are also many air purifiers and humidifiers in the room to ensure the indoor environment.

　　The whole indoor space is not particularly large. There are probably less than ten Shiba Inu, black and white Huang Dou, and a few identical adzuki beans, especially like the pots and pans in The Life I yearn for. It is recommended to come in the morning, when dogs are in good spirits and may be sleepy in the afternoon.

　　Many friends say that the most lovely little firewood is actually the largest one named Dalong. It is very cooperative to touch and take pictures, and it is super docile, but it should be noted that all dogs in the store are not allowed to hug.

　　Remember to make an appointment in advance, especially on weekends. There are some reserved places in WeChat official account. You can also queue up early to get the number. Each session is limited to 40 minutes and each session is limited to 15 people, so the experience is still very good. If you go when there are not many people on weekdays, you can experience it for an hour.

　　It’s only a pity now, because the opening is too hot, for safety reasons, since June, the store will not accept children under 1.5 meters for the time being. I hope that children can enter the store when the management in the store is more mature in the future. But you can also take the children to the door to have a look.

　　Alpacas accompany you to eat western food.

　　The overall environment of this western restaurant is very good, the dishes are delicious and inexpensive, and there is almost no thunder. Even if it is not aimed at alpacas, this restaurant called "On the fourth floor" (Privy Council Store) is well worth a friend’s get-together.

　　Of course, many babies come here to see the alpaca Wangfu! Wangfu is very beautiful, with snow-white hair, round grape eyes and always walking gracefully. She is simply a supermodel in the alpaca world.

　　In the past, Wangfu could wander around the restaurant at will, and it was quite easy to take pictures with him. Moreover, Wangfu occasionally comes to care about what you are eating, but don’t feed it, even if it is lovely. Wangfu has its own exclusive food.

　　Now poor Wangfu is locked in the fence outside and can’t get close to each other when eating. It’s a little pity. But on the other hand, it also ensures the indoor dining environment, especially when it is necessary to wait, you can take the children to feed the alpacas first.

　　Hay is provided free of charge, but many children feed it desperately every time. Many times, it is obvious that Wangfu can’t eat any more, and he is listless on the ground, so he is distressed. For Wangfu’s sake of earning money to support his family at an early age, children should care more about Wangfu, properly feed and Doby, and don’t disturb it to rest.

　　Finally, let’s talk about the food here, mainly western food, which tastes good. There are indoor dining areas and terrace dining areas, and the whole environment is very comfortable. The restaurant didn’t focus on parents, but with more and more children coming to punch in, the supporting facilities for parents and children are becoming more and more perfect.

　　Meet with "Simple Noodles Jun"

　　Chigu Japanese Roast Meat izakaya’s first store is in Shijingshan, which owns Zorro, the first generation of online celebrity raccoon. On weekends and holidays, there are quite a few people who visit Zorro. Although Zorro is a big star, the shelf is not big at all, especially docile and clever. You can also hug him under the guidance of the staff, but you must disinfect your hands before hugging him.

　　In addition to Zorro, there are two little raccoon sisters in Shijingshan store. Their temper is not as good as Zorro’s. After all, the princess is a little proud. There is a cartoon raccoon with painted walls in the store, and the overall environment is very popular with children. You can also take the opportunity to tell children, look, this is the crisp noodles we ate when we were young!

　　Japanese food itself is more suitable for children’s tastes. The signature beef rice is explosive, and almost every table should be served. The amount of food ordered is sufficient, the taste is ok, and the cost performance is very high. If you don’t want to barbecue yourself, you can also ask the waiter to help you bake, and you can take your children to take a photo with the simple noodle king.

　　Last week, Chigu finally welcomed its own branch in Jiulongshan, Chaoyang, with a superior location and a much larger overall area than Shijingshan. There are three resident raccoons, and one baby raccoon is super cute and the most lively one.

　　Of course, the big star Zorro will occasionally visit the new store, so if you are going to see Zorro, you must find out in advance which store Zorro went to. It is said that on the opening day of the new store, the clerk announced "Zorro is coming", and suddenly everyone stopped eating and went to meet Zorro. It was really quite ostentatious. When there are not many people in the store, the manager will also take a group photo with Zorro on his shoulder.

　　Pet shop? Restaurant? Stupid can’t tell the difference.

　　This restaurant is particularly unfriendly to mothers with cleanliness, because there are so many small animals in it! Sometimes I feel trance and come to the pet store.

　　There are three Shiba Inu, 33 cats, two groundhogs and two chinchillas in the Kalamao Japanese cuisine theme restaurant. In addition, there are some birds and fish, which is a living small zoo.

　　Although there are many small animals, the indoor ventilation is well designed and cleaned, and there is basically no big odor. Of course, if you are particularly concerned, your mother will not recommend coming here.

　　There is a cat room specially set up for kittens here, and the taste of the cat room is not as optimistic as that in the restaurant, but the cat slaves say that this is nothing. Let’s "suck cats" heartily in the world of cats and cats. It’s a great mood. When these cats meet more people, they are not afraid of being born. They just lie there and wait for little meat hands to massage them. It should be noted, however, that cats themselves are creatures prone to hair loss. If you don’t want to take a coat of hair to eat, it is still recommended that you chop the rice quickly before you slap the cat.

　　When sitting in a restaurant, you can also watch hamsters and groundhogs through the window. Obviously, the groundhog has become a comedian in this restaurant, which is very funny. Every time he wants to eat, he makes a "groundhog roar" like a war, which is exactly the same as that popular expression pack, which makes everyone laugh.

　　Many pet restaurants are actually closed to children. This restaurant is more friendly to children, but when it comes to contact with small animals, parents must also do a good job of care!

　　Spend hours with cats.

　　There are many famous cat cafes in Beijing. The one to be recommended here is "Hours Light Cat Cafe" in online celebrity, which is also famous among many cat cafes.

　　Beiluoguxiang, which is just one road away from the noisy Nanluoguxiang, is much quieter. This cafe is located at the south entrance of Beigong. I want to remind you that there is still a small time in Beikou, but it is mainly dogs.

　　The store is very quiet, and there are about a dozen cats lying in it. Forgive us for describing them only by lying down, because they are really too fat. I don’t know whether the food in the store is too good or the life is too comfortable.

　　Whenever a guest walks into the store, the cats are used to it and don’t move. The first time I went here was in the afternoon. Maybe the cats were a little sleepy. No matter how I teased them, they ignored me. Later, a mother and daughter came. As soon as the little girl came up, she took out the canned fish. The originally listless cat suddenly jumped into front of the food. There are many tools to tease cats in the shop, which is also an effective way to make these fat cats move.

　　On the whole, the cats here are very docile except for some high and cold. Later, a friend took the baby once and met a super sticky cat, so he was willing to lie in their arms and hold it quite cured.

　　It is said that there are two small fights in the store now, but they only go to work occasionally, which makes people very curious. Will cats and cafes with fights often stage a cat-dog war in the store?

　　Text and photo courtesy/Jiang Yanqing (@ 么么么么么么么么)

After announcing the layoffs, Tesla continued to "take the medicine", this time with FSD(Full-Self Driving).

According to overseas reports, Tesla officially adjusted the buyout price of FSD from $12,000 to $8,000, and the price reduction was converted into about RMB 27,400.In addition to lowering the buyout price of the package, Tesla simultaneously lowered the monthly subscription price of FSD in North 700 yuan (Canada and the United States), from the past $199 to $99, which is equivalent to saving RMB every month.

Tesla’s move is obviously an extension of Musk’s dissatisfaction with the FSD option rate. Just as China automakers are keen on price wars, Tesla also realizes that "price" is also the core factor that affects users’ acceptance of FSD in overseas markets. On the other hand, Musk mentioned that FSD "may enter the China market soon" when replying to the user’s message-the impact of this move can not be underestimated for improving the coverage of FSD.

At present, Tesla has sold more than 5.5 million vehicles in history, and nearly 2 million vehicles have been sold in North America alone. However, the coverage of FSD is not ideal. The data in January 2023 showed that the number of subscribers in North America was 400,000, and the penetration rate was close to 25%.

The problem is that a considerable part of this is the first "hardcore powder" that supports Tesla, probably because the pricing is too high. The data shows that the probability of new car buyers choosing FSD will be reduced to 2% in 2023. Obviously, this is the reason why Musk is worried.

Therefore, in order to expand the coverage of FSD, it is imperative to reduce prices and open up new markets. However, it is hard to say whether entering the China market can expand the mass base of FSD. On the other hand, the strategy of attracting consumers to buy Tesla trams through intelligent driving may not work in the China market.

From today’s point of view, Tesla’s main sales models, such as Model 3/Y/X/S, don’t seem to have many advantages. Nowadays, pure electric vehicles have been running everywhere, and most of the places where Tesla trams were leading in the past are no longer leading. If it weren’t for the accumulated user reputation and brand awareness, Tesla’s global sales may be even less optimistic.

In other words, Tesla’s achievements in the past are largely due to "extraordinary technology", and among many new technologies, FSD is undoubtedly the most subversive. To put it simply, the leading edge of FSD is embodied in "underlying technology" and "comprehensive experience".

"The underlying technology" means that Tesla FSD can almost be regarded as the technical vane of global intelligent driving. Now most of the intelligent driving technologies we know are started by FSD.

For example, the combination of "BEV+Transformer+OCC", which is considered as the core of the new generation of intelligent driving technology, was almost all started by Tesla, and the technical base of BEV+Transformer was unveiled at Tesla AI Day in 2021, which solved the problem of "how to realize environmental awareness without relying on high-precision maps" in the industry. At present, almost all car companies’ intelligent driving technology is based on this scheme, and as the originator and staunch supporter of the "pure visual intelligent driving" technical scheme, Tesla’s related research also points out the direction for the industry.

In 2023, Tesla launched the V12 Beta version of FSD, which brought the long-rumored "end-to-end" technology. According to Musk, FSD with "end-to-end" technology uses AI big model to deal with all intermediate links in the process of intelligent driving from perception to execution, which greatly improves the reliability of the system and saves "millions of lines of code", making the industry a big surprise.

Then, the intelligent driving head enterprises including Tucki announced to follow up the "end-to-end" technical scheme, and institutions including Guangzhou Automobile Research Institute also began to explore the true value of end-to-end technology for intelligent driving ability, which quite stirred up a thousand waves.

On the level of "comprehensive experience", FSD can provide full-scene pilot-assisted driving and high-order automatic parking experience just like the domestic intelligent driving scheme in the case of "complete body". Musk also used FSD live on "X" (Twitter), even before looking for Zuckerberg’s offline shelf, he drove FSD in the past, and took over at 0 in the whole process.

It can be seen that FSD is the best intelligent driving system in theory from both technical and experience levels, and it is also the benchmark of all intelligent driving systems from a global perspective.In that era of "I have no one", I believe that the technological advantages including FSD are the main reason why consumers are willing to be "mice" to try Tesla.

Therefore, the price reduction this time and the intention to enter the China market all reflect Tesla’s refocusing on FSD, that is, the core technology. In contrast, the price adjustment is irrelevant. Only in the China market, we have our own "far ahead" intelligent driving technology, and the true level of Tesla FSD is unknown. Moreover, the big price reduction of Tesla FSD in China market has not been synchronized, and the price of 60,000 yuan is believed to be difficult to attract new users.

In terms of absolute technical height, Tesla FSD can still keep ahead with Dojo supercomputing system and "end-to-end" technology, but it needs to be emphasized that smart driving is a technology that needs to be strongly combined with local actual scenes, that is to say, even if FSD performs well in the United States, it is impossible to translate it to China market.

Take Huawei ADS 2.0, the first echelon in China, and XNGP in Tucki for example, they have been able to achieve pilot-assisted driving in mixed scenes covering the whole country, and have been optimized in characteristic scenes. For example, both of the above are optimized for unexpected situations such as pedestrian crossing and ghost probes. At the same time, Huawei ADS 2.0 also emphasizes the AEB active safety capability in different speed domains, and the detection range has also expanded from the front to four directions, which can better prevent pedestrians or non-motor vehicles that don’t know where to come from.

Therefore, if Tesla’s FSD really wants to enter China, it must also consider directional optimization for the road conditions in the middle, otherwise it will come to a crossroads full of two-wheeled electric vehicles, and even the smart FSD may be down.From another point of view, even if the intelligent driving ability of local enterprises in China is not the best in the underlying technology, they can still optimize their functions by understanding the local road conditions, and finally even surpass FSD in actual experience.

There are also various factors that pose a competitive threat to FSD. Unlike consumers in overseas markets, there are almost only Tesla FSD to choose from, and there are many options for products that experience close to Tesla FSD in China market. In this way, even if Tesla FSD can really enter the China market as Musk said, it may not attract potential users to choose Tesla electric vehicles, not to mention that the optional price of the FSD is still high.

Tesla only comes standard with the basic version of AP(AutoPoilot) for its electric vehicles, and only has basic functions such as LCC, AEB and BSD. If you want to upgrade to an enhanced version of AP(EAP) that supports high-speed NOA, ALA and APA functions, you need to spend 32,000 yuan to choose. Although FSD is not yet open in China, consumers can "pre-order", of course, the cost is not low, and it needs 64,000 yuan.

Assuming that the price of FSD will be adjusted in line with that of North China after the formal opening of the market, and it will be reduced by one third, then the optional price of FSD will still need 42,000 yuan, which is still on the high side compared with the optional price of high-end intelligent driving in China market. For example, the optional price of Huawei ADS 2.0 on individual models is 15,000 yuan, and the optional price of BYD Tengshi N7 is also 15,000 yuan. At the same time, when buying a new car, there are often optional discounts, ranging from 5,000 yuan to more direct relief.

Since the experience can’t be absolutely leading, what reason do consumers have to spend a lot of money to choose Tesla FSD?

In addition, the domestic market has also seen a trend of popularization of smart driving and continuous cost reduction. A few days ago, DJI Chenghang Platform launched a solution that claimed that it could realize full-scene intelligent driving at a cost of 7,000 yuan. On April 22nd, Baidu Apollo team also released a low-cost intelligent driving solution ANP3 Pro. Although the cost is not as low as that of DJI Chenghang, it is still attractive for most car companies to realize full-scene intelligent driving at a cost of 10,000 yuan.

All indications are that the popularity of smart driving in the China market is very fast, and the mystery has long faded. The involution of the China market is far beyond Tesla’s imagination. If FSD enters the China market without change, I believe it will be difficult to make too much splash.

On the eve of the Beijing Auto Show, Tesla announced that it would continue to adjust the price in the China market. The starting price of the new version of Model 3 Huan dropped to 231,900 yuan, and the price of Model Y once again entered less than 250,000 yuan. However, the effect brought by the price reduction this time is not as ideal as expected. Sun Shaojun 09, a car blogger who knows more about the sales channels, said that "the effect is relatively average". If the price reduction can’t stimulate the growth of orders, Tesla will really fall into crisis.

The respect for the "first principle" runs through Musk’s entire career. Now, analyzing the problems that Tesla has in the products, we might as well return to the "first principle".

Why did Tesla sweep the world and become the representative of pure electric vehicles? I think it is mainly in two aspects.

First of all, Tesla showed the world that pure electric vehicles are "far ahead" in the basic experience.For example, "horsepower equality" and some intelligent functions can not be provided by fuel vehicles in the past, or they need to be experienced at a very high price. Therefore, for electric vehicles, the higher the motor power, the better, and the higher and stronger the voltage platform. Only when the basic experience can make consumers feel "far ahead" will they be willing to buy electric vehicles.

Unfortunately, Model 3 was a product eight years ago, and Model Y has been sold for five years. Its performance indicators have become unremarkable in the global market. Except BMS system is still leading, both battery life performance and charging performance are surpassed by competitors.

Secondly, the leading experience brought by FSD has obviously changed consumers’ imagination of "cars".They never imagined that the car could really control its own speed, change lanes independently, avoid pedestrians and avoid risks, and finally send people to their destination … The leading technology is Tesla’s core competitiveness from beginning to end.

A thousand words can be summed up in one sentence. When Tesla is no longer determined to forge ahead and pursue the ultimate technological advantage, then the decline in sales will become inevitable. As the backbone of Tesla and even the "soul figure", the biggest problem may still lie in Musk:If it can put enough energy back into Tesla and technical research, make up its mind to reform the internal unreasonable system and truly return to the thinking of "first principle", I believe Tesla’s recovery will come very quickly.

For example, the adjustment of FSD price this time comes from Musk’s insight and direct inspiration on business issues, but no one knows whether the drama of "the emperor is wise" will still appear and whether it will remain correct and effective all the time.

Beijing international automotive exhibition (Beijing Auto Show) will be held grandly from April 25th to May 4th. The theme of this auto show is "New era, new car", which is the weather vane of "cars moving from electrification to intelligence".

By then, head brands including BYD, Xiaomi, AITO Wenjie, Tucki, Weilai, Ideality, Extreme Krypton, Extreme Yue and Chang ‘an Deep Blue will all appear. In addition to the "big competition" of new models, the promotion of autonomous driving technology, the evolution of intelligent cockpit and the combination of AI model and automobile will all be important highlights. The account Tramway, which is owned by Lei Technology and is "concerned about electric vehicles and more intelligent", will send a report group to Beijing for first-line professional reports, so please pay attention.

Decree No.89 of the State Administration for Industry and Commerce

　　The Regulations on the Administration of Advertising Publication and Registration, which was deliberated and adopted at the executive meeting of the State Administration for Industry and Commerce of the People’s Republic of China, is hereby promulgated and shall come into force as of December 1, 2016.　

Director Zhang Mao

November 1, 2016

Provisions on the Administration of Advertising Release and Registration

(Promulgated by Order No.89 of the State Administration for Industry and Commerce on November 1, 2016)

　　Article 1 These Provisions are formulated in accordance with the Advertising Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) (hereinafter referred to as the Advertising Law), the Administrative Licensing Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) and other laws and administrative regulations in order to strengthen the supervision and management of advertising activities and standardize the registration of advertising.

　　Article 2 A radio station, television station, newspaper publishing unit (hereinafter referred to as advertising publishing unit) that engages in advertising publishing business shall apply to the local administrative department for industry and commerce at or above the county level for registration of advertising publishing.

　　Article 3 The State Administration for Industry and Commerce shall be in charge of the supervision and administration of the publication and registration of advertisements nationwide.

　　The local administrative departments for industry and commerce at or above the county level shall be responsible for the publication and registration of advertisements and related supervision and management within their respective jurisdictions.

　　Article 4 To register advertisements, the following conditions shall be met:

　　(1) Having the qualification of a legal person; A newspaper publishing unit that does not have the legal person qualification shall apply for the registration of advertising release by its organizer with the legal person qualification;

　　(2) Having an organization specialized in advertising business;

　　(3) Having advertising practitioners and advertising examiners who are familiar with advertising laws and regulations;

　　(4) Having a place and equipment suitable for advertising.

　　Article 5 To apply for advertising registration, the following materials shall be submitted to the administrative department for industry and commerce:

　　(1) Application Form for Advertising Publication and Registration;

　　(2) Relevant media approval documents: radio stations and television stations shall submit the License for Radio and Television Broadcasting Organizations and the License for Radio and Television Channels; newspaper publishing units shall submit the License for Newspaper Publishing and periodical publishing units shall submit the License for Periodical Publishing;

　　(3) Certification documents of legal person qualification;

　　(4) The certification documents of the advertising agency and the appointment documents of the person in charge;

　　(5) Certification documents of advertising practitioners and advertising examiners;

　　(6) Certificate of use of the place.

　　The administrative department for industry and commerce shall, within five working days from the date of accepting the application, make a decision on whether to approve the registration. If registration is granted, the decision to grant registration shall be announced to the public; If the registration is not granted, the reasons shall be explained in writing.

　　Article 6 Advertising publishing units shall use their own broadcasting frequencies, TV channels, newspapers and periodicals to publish advertisements.

　　Article 7 The term of validity of advertisement publishing registration shall be consistent with the term of validity of the approval documents submitted by the advertisement publishing unit in accordance with the provisions of Article 5, paragraph 1, item 2 of these Provisions.

　　Article 8 In case of any change in the registered items of advertising, the advertising publishing unit shall apply to the administrative department for industry and commerce for registration of change within 30 days from the date of the change.

　　To apply for changing the registration of advertising release, an Application Form for Changing the Registration of Advertising Release and supporting documents related to the change shall be submitted.

　　The administrative department for industry and commerce shall make a decision on whether to approve the change within five working days from the date of accepting the application for change. If the change is approved, the decision to approve the change shall be announced to the public; If it is not changed, the reasons shall be explained in writing.

　　Article 9 Under any of the following circumstances, the advertising publishing unit shall apply to the administrative department for industry and commerce for cancellation of registration in time:

　　(1) The validity period of the advertisement publishing registration expires and the advertisement publishing unit has not applied for extension;

　　(two) the legal person qualification of the advertising publishing unit is terminated according to law;

　　(3) The registration of advertisement release is revoked or revoked according to law;

　　(four) the advertising publishing unit does not meet the conditions stipulated in Article 4 of these Provisions due to changes in circumstances;

　　(five) the advertising unit stops engaging in advertising;

　　(six) other circumstances in which the registration of advertising should be cancelled according to law.

　　Article 10 Where it is necessary to extend the registration of advertisement release upon the expiration of the validity period, the advertising publishing unit shall apply to the administrative department for industry and commerce for extension 30 days before the expiration of the validity period. The administrative department for industry and commerce shall make a decision on whether or not to approve the extension before the expiration of the validity period of the advertisement release registration. If the extension is granted, the decision to grant the extension shall be announced to the public; If it is not extended, the reasons shall be explained in writing; If no decision is made within the time limit, it shall be deemed to be granted.

　　Eleventh advertising units shall establish and improve the system of registration, audit, file management, statistical reports and other advertising business.

　　Article 12 An advertising publishing unit shall, in accordance with the requirements of the advertising statistical report system, fill in the Advertising Statistical Report on time through the advertising statistical system and submit the advertising operation of the previous year to the administrative department for industry and commerce.

　　Article 13 The administrative department for industry and commerce shall, in accordance with the relevant provisions, supervise and manage the advertising publishing units within its jurisdiction in the form of spot checks. Spot checks include:

　　(a) whether to engage in advertising activities in accordance with the registration items of advertising;

　　(2) Information on advertising practitioners and advertising censors;

　　(3) The establishment and implementation of basic management systems such as registration, audit, file management and statistical reports for advertising business;

　　(four) whether to submit the "advertising statistical report" in accordance with the provisions;

　　(five) other matters that need to be checked.

　　Article 14 Where the administrative department for industry and commerce revokes the registration of advertising release of an advertising publishing unit in accordance with the provisions of the Advertising Law, it shall notify the administrative department for industry and commerce that has registered the advertising release of the advertising publishing unit within 10 days from the date of making the decision.

　　Fifteenth radio stations, television stations, newspapers and periodicals publishing units engaged in advertising business without registration, the administrative department for Industry and Commerce shall investigate and deal with it in accordance with the provisions of Article 60 of the Advertising Law.

　　Anyone who obtains the registration of advertisement release by cheating, bribery or other improper means shall be revoked by the administrative department for industry and commerce according to law and be fined between 10,000 yuan and 30,000 yuan.

　　If the registered items of advertising release change, and the advertising release unit fails to handle the change registration according to the regulations, the administrative department for industry and commerce shall order it to change within a time limit; If the registration of change has not been handled within the time limit, a fine of not less than ten thousand yuan but not more than thirty thousand yuan shall be imposed.

　　If the advertising publishing unit fails to submit the Statistical Report of Advertising Industry as required, it shall be given a warning by the administrative department for industry and commerce and ordered to make corrections; Refuses to correct, a fine of ten thousand yuan.

　　Article 16 The administrative department for industry and commerce shall announce the registration information of advertisement release, such as approval of advertisement release registration, change registration and cancellation registration, to the public through its portal website or government public service platform. If it cannot be announced through the above channels, it shall be announced to the public through newspapers and other mass media.

　　The advertising registration information and administrative punishment information of an enterprise shall be publicized to the public according to law through the enterprise credit information publicity system.

　　Article 17 These Measures shall come into force as of December 1, 2016. The Measures for the Administration of Advertising Business License promulgated by the State Administration for Industry and Commerce on November 30, 2004 shall be abolished at the same time.

　　21.8 yuan/kg, 23.8 yuan/kg …

　　Recently, a large number of durians in Thailand have been listed.

　　In Nanning supermarkets, fruit shops, etc.

　　This "fruit aristocrat" can be seen everywhere.

　　The price is getting closer to the people.

　　▲ Thai golden pillow durian sold in a large supermarket. Photo by our reporter Liao Xin

　　01

　　Durian sales are booming in the wholesale market.

　　You can "win" one for less than one hundred yuan.

　　"Fresh Thai golden pillow durian, 26.8 yuan a catty, cooked and sweet" "Durian special, 23.8 yuan a catty, don’t miss it!" In Nanning agricultural products wholesale market, the price of durian generally fluctuates within the range of 21.8 yuan ~ 28.8 yuan per catty, and the price of some special durian is even less than 20 yuan per catty. But the variety, size and quality of durian will have an impact on the price. The price of 28.8 yuan/kg can buy a fruit with better quality.

　　▲ Citizens buy durian at Haijixing Fruit Wholesale Market. Photo by our reporter Jin Jinhua

　　▲ The price of Thai golden pillow durian sold by a fruit stall is 28 yuan/kg. Photo by our reporter Jin Jinhua

　　"The price of durian is related to the arrival quantity, and the daily purchase price is different. Now it’s a little lower than before, and the drop is about 10 yuan/kg. Market demand will also affect the price trend. " A fruit stall owner told reporters that the current price of durian has declined due to the increase in supply.

　　▲ Citizens buy durian in Haijixing Fruit Wholesale Market. Photo by our reporter Jin Jinhua

　　In Haijixing Fruit Wholesale Market, customers who come to buy durian are in an endless stream, and the fruit stall business is very hot. "Now is the season to eat durian." The stall owner, Ms. Liu, told the reporter that the best seller in her family that day was the Thai golden pillow durian, which was priced at 23.8 yuan/kg. One weighed about 3 kg and was full of flesh, and customers could "win" one for 70 ~ 80 yuan.

　　02

　　Durian in Shangchao Fruit Shop occupies "C"

　　The price is close to the people and sets off a sales boom.

　　What about the price and sales of durian in Shangchao and Fruit Shop?

　　Major supermarkets and boutique fruit shops invariably put durian in the eye-catching "C position". The reporter visited and learned that the price of fresh durian with golden pillow in large supermarkets and fruit shops is mostly 20 yuan ~ 30 yuan/kg. Overall, the price of fruit shops is slightly higher than that of supermarkets.

　　On May 1, the reporter saw in a large supermarket chain in Yonghe Road that the supermarket launched a promotional activity of 21.9 yuan/kg of Thai golden pillow durian that day, which attracted many citizens to buy it on the spot. After the durian on the shelf was sold out, many citizens stood by waiting for replenishment. "Recently, the price of durian is very close to the people, and the quality is good. I plan to pick two and watch the drama with my family." Ms. Wei said.

　　▲ The public is waiting for durian "replenishment" in the supermarket. Our reporter Liao Xinshe

　　"This is the Thai golden pillow durian cooked on the tree. It just arrived by air today. It is very fresh." On May 4th, before the reporter passed a supermarket on Sino-Vietnamese Road, the salesman was enthusiastically selling to the past citizens at a price of 28.8 yuan/kg.

　　Durian is also very popular in some community group purchases. Ms. Zhao told the reporter that the supermarket near her home has specially built a "durian welfare group". "The price of durian in the supermarket fluctuates a little every day, and the recent price is obviously more favorable than some time ago." Ms. Zhao said.

　　03

　　Diversification of efficient customs clearance transportation channels

　　Guarantee the entry of fruits to grab the "fresh" listing.

　　After the durian of ASEAN countries matures, domestic consumers can try it early, which is inseparable from the convenience provided by major ports for ASEAN fruits to enter the China market through efficient customs clearance inspection.

　　Guangxi is the main channel for China-ASEAN fruit import and export. As the "bridgehead" of China’s opening and cooperation with ASEAN, Nanning, the capital of China, enjoys a prosperous trade in imported fruits from ASEAN.

　　Youyiguan Port is one of the most convenient land routes for ASEAN countries in China, and it is also the largest port for China-ASEAN fruit import and export trade. For many years, ASEAN fruit imports ranked first in the country. According to statistics, in the first quarter of this year, Youyiguan Customs has supervised the import of 61,000 tons of durian, up 633.6% year-on-year, accounting for 96% of Guangxi and 66.3% of the country. Durian is being continuously transported from Guangxi to markets all over the country.

　　Pingxiang Youyiguan Port has set up a special channel for importing durian, and durian from ASEAN countries can be transported to the domestic market after completing customs clearance procedures here.

　　In terms of railway transportation, Nanning Bureau of China Railway launched the "8+1" unattended refrigerated truck set in August last year, which was favored by fruit merchants. The "8+1" train set consists of 8 freezers and 1 power generation box, which can continuously supply power for 8 containers for 300 hours, and the freezers loaded with fresh goods are no longer limited by the power supply time.

　　In addition to road and rail transportation, the way of entering the country from Nanning Airport by air also allows delicious durian to fly into the "fruit basket" of China market quickly. Since the beginning of this year, durians from Thailand, Vietnam and the Philippines have successively entered the domestic market from Nanning airport port through Nanning Bangkok, Nanning Ho Chi Minh and Nanning Davao routes, among which durians from the Philippines entered China for the first time through Nanning airport port.

　　04

　　RCEP deepens trade between Guangxi and ASEAN.

　　Realizing "fruit freedom in ASEAN" is just around the corner.

　　Durian, as the most representative fruit in ASEAN countries, is deeply loved by Chinese people, and China is also the largest consumer market for durian.

　　Before RCEP (Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement) came into effect, Thai durian was the only fresh durian supplier in China. With the implementation of RCEP last year, Viet Nam has officially joined the ranks of fresh durian suppliers in China, and the cost for domestic consumers to feast on durian is expected to continue to decrease.

　　Guangxi is the gateway and window for China to open cooperation with ASEAN. Since RCEP came into effect in 2022, more and more fruits with Southeast Asian characteristics have entered the China market, including durian from Vietnam, rambutan from Malaysia, pitaya from Indonesia and bananas from the Philippines, which have continuously enriched Chinese’s "fruit basket".

　　Taking advantage of RECP, Guangxi is actively deepening its economic and trade cooperation with ASEAN countries. Since Vietnamese fresh durian was admitted to China last year, domestic consumers have been full of expectations. In the future, it will be more convenient for Vietnamese agricultural products represented by durian to enter Guangxi, and domestic consumers will also eat fresh durian with a more "people-friendly" price.

　　Nanning Evening News Nanning Bao Client Reporter Qin Jinhua Liao Xin

Open column language

In April, 1994, China fully accessed the Internet and became the 77th member of the international Internet family. This year is the 30th year of China’s full-featured access to the Internet, and it is also an important node of "half a child".

In just 30 years of development, there are many "things" worth remembering. In the past 30 years, the Internet in China has grown from scratch, from small to large, from large to strong, and many objects, applications or platforms have been born. The value of the above objects or applications is not only in business, but also a kind of feeling, which embodies people’s long-term memory of life and emotion.

To this end, Beijing News Shell Finance and China Internet Development Foundation China Positive Energy Network Communication Special Fund launched the topic "Internet 30 Years and 30 Things". I hope that by telling the story of the landmark objects, applications or platforms in the history of Internet development in China, I can outline the evolution of Internet in China in the past 30 years and see where it will go in the future.

A network cable 30 years ago connected China to the world. Nowadays, the Internet is half-baked and China is in the ascendant after the "Internet".

Art leader andy warhol said, "Everyone can be famous in 15 minutes" and "Everyone can be famous for 15 minutes". However, in the era of short video, it takes only 15 seconds for a person to become famous.

After nearly 20 years of development, the short video industry has experienced the evolution from the micro-film era to the mobile era, and then to the national era. It is generally judged in the industry that more and more short video platforms will begin to diversify, taking into account a variety of content and forms of expression; Industry players tend to be more concentrated, relying on the support of giants, and realizing the integration of Lian Heng through capital and resources. As a form of content expression and distribution, short video will be more and more integrated into various super applications. At the same time, with the strengthening of supervision and technological progress, the short video industry will also usher in a more compliant and broad development.

microfilm

In 2005, with the improvement of network speed and bandwidth, as well as the popularity of personal computers (PCs) and video recorders, the Internet began to enter the video era from the graphic era. Tudou, Thunder, VeryCD (electric donkey download) and other companies have been established.

It was also at the end of this year that an animator named Hu Ge edited the film "The Promise" into a short film "A Bloody Case Caused by a Steamed Bread" and detonated the network. The download volume even beat the original film "The Promise", which was considered as the embryonic form of a micro-movie. Micro-movies promote the grassroots of short videos, and inadvertently cultivate the awareness of netizens using fragmented time to shoot, make, upload and watch.

Established in 2006, Six Rooms introduced Hugo and launched his follow-up works, which brought huge traffic. With the gradual formation of video sharing atmosphere, Six Rooms, Tudou, Youku, Kuliuwang, etc. have stood in the ranks of domestic first-line video sharing websites.

Initially, these video websites were positioned as platforms for uploading and publishing original videos, which is quite similar to the concept of short video platforms today. However, at that time, user habits were still in the cultivation period, and shooting equipment and uploading costs were expensive. In 2010, Iqiyi, Youku and other players brought copyrighted content and capital into the market, and the wave of mobile Internet hit. At that time, the PC-side video sharing website was closed down or changed hands, and the six rooms gradually turned to the direction of performing arts live broadcast.

watershed

2016 can be said to be a "watershed" in the short video industry, and ByteDance’s entry is a landmark event. Before ByteDance announced "All-in Short Video", the number of short video platforms was close to 400, and Aauto Quicker, Second Shot, Watermelon Video, American Shot, Volcano Video, Tudou and other platforms quickly emerged and rushed into the first camp. They either seize the first-Mover advantage of segmentation and quickly accumulate a huge user base, or rely on Internet traffic giants.

Han Kun, one of the founders of Kuliu.com, and Zhang Hongyu, one of the founders of PPS, have been working hard in the field of short video for a long time. After Kuliu.com was acquired by Shanda.com, Han Kun founded a technology company in 2012, which is the parent company of Second Shot, xiaokaxiu and Live Broadcast, and entered the mobile video sharing. Zhang Hongyu joined Aiqiyi as PPS was acquired by Aiqiyi, and became an early investor of Second Shot. Secondhand relies on the strategic cooperation and investment relationship with Weibo, and has many stars and opinion leaders under Weibo’s banner. Most of the broadcast traffic is realized in Weibo.

Aauto Quicker was born in 2011. It was originally a tool for making moving pictures. In 2012, it transformed into a short video community and quickly accumulated influence among residents in third-and fourth-tier cities. However, Aauto Quicker said: "Aauto Quicker is not doing short videos or live broadcasts, but just wants to bring the ability of recording and sharing to everyone with technology. This technology can also be in other forms in the future. We hope that everyone can have equal opportunities for communication. "

The beauty shoot emphasizes the beauty function, the positioning is feminine and vertical, and the users are mostly women.

During the Spring Festival of 2014, hundreds of stars, including Lee MinHo, Fan Bingbing and He Jiong, gathered in Microvision to pay New Year’s greetings and broadcast them on TV in turn, which brought a small climax to Microvision: this application, which was launched in 2013, remained in the top five in the App Store for several days, with 45 million daily active users. From New Year’s Eve to the first day of the first year, millions of people released and watched short videos of New Year’s greetings through Microvision, with a total broadcast volume of hundreds of millions of times. Ten months after its launch, Microvision was established as an independent department.

ByteDance’s entry in the second half of 2016 became a watershed in the short video industry. In September 2016, ByteDance founder Zhang Yiming announced "All-in Short Video", and successively launched three short video products, namely watermelon video, volcano video and Tik Tok. According to reports, the three products have different positioning. Tik Tok is mainly a short music video for young people, volcano video is a daily life sharing platform, and watermelon is a mobile short video platform, which uses AI algorithm to push content to users.

With the strong entry of ByteDance, the short video industry has entered a new competitive pattern, and mainstream Internet companies have focused their attention on the short video field, unwilling to miss the new outlet.

The battle of giants

The "war" was first burned on the subsidy. In September 2016, Tencent and ByteDance almost simultaneously proposed their own short video subsidy plans of 1 billion yuan; In the first half of 2017, Baidu and Ali followed up. Baidu announced that it would divide the accumulated content producers into 10 billion yuan, while Ali proposed to support content creation with 2 billion yuan subsidies; In November 2017, Tencent opened its platform with 10 billion yuan of subsidies and resources at its partner conference, focusing on supporting short video entrepreneurship and even opening its own copyrighted content for producers to use; ByteDance’s watermelon video immediately announced that it would pay 2 billion yuan as the creator’s advance production fee.

At the same time as the subsidy, the platform is built. At first, BAT (Baidu, Ali, Tencent) did not set up a separate short video aggregation platform, but chose to add short video functions to their original super applications, and encouraged content providers to settle in various "accounts" to realize "one account settled in" and multi-platform distribution. Tencent’s Penguin is responsible for such functions, and Ali’s Big Fish is responsible for such functions. Baidu, Netease and Sohu have also followed suit to open various distribution accounts.

In the second half of 2017, under the temptation of the powerful broadcast volume and duration of short videos, major Internet companies also launched their own single short video platforms. In November 2017 alone, the short video industry ushered in four new products directly hatched by Internet companies, namely 360′ s "Fast Video", Baidu’s "Good Video", Tencent’s "Microvision" and Weibo’s "Cool Burning". In the first half of 2017, Ali upgraded the acquired Tudou to a short video platform. Tencent emphasizes social relations, Ali focuses on e-commerce, ByteDance plots information distribution, and Internet giants make short videos in their own good directions.

In the field of short video, capital layout has already begun. The second shot was first incorporated by the giants. In July 2013, September 2014, November 2015 and November 2016, Sina Weibo Fund invested in the parent company’s technology for four consecutive rounds, and was the lead investor in at least two rounds. At the critical moment, Weibo took Secondshot as its exclusive short video platform, helping Secondshot win the tough battle with platforms such as Meipai and Xiaoying.

Followed by Aauto Quicker, in March 2017, Aauto Quicker received $350 million in financing, and Tencent led the investment; In its tens of millions of dollars in financing in March 2016, Baidu Investment Department appeared. The veteran player "Mei Pai" belongs to Meitu, a Hong Kong-listed company. Watermelon video, volcano video and Tik Tok are big trees backed by ByteDance.

China’s Internet giants completed the power assembly of the short video sector in early 2018. From the perspective of capital, various short video platforms have embraced the giant’s thighs and "achieved each other" with resources and capital. From the perspective of application attributes, there may be few independent short video platforms in the future, and most of them are integrated into super applications as tools to attract traffic and distribute content.

Move forward in adjustment

By the end of 2019, short video traffic has basically been divided. QuestMobile data shows that as of June 2019, the number of newly installed users in the short video industry was close to 100 million, and the total monthly active users were close to 821 million, basically covering all netizens in China at that time. Among them, ByteDance (Tik Tok, Watermelon and Volcano) ranks first with nearly 600 million monthly activities after weight reduction, while Aauto Quicker ranks second with nearly 350 million monthly activities, followed by Tencent (micro-vision, hot pot) and Baidu (good-looking, all-people) with huge traffic portals.

Many commercial actions have been carried out almost simultaneously, and almost all the means of realizing advertisements, e-commerce, live broadcasts, enterprise numbers and short videos have been opened to content producers this year. Many content entrepreneurs bluntly say that it is precisely because of the "attack" of Tencent Microvision and Baidu’s good-looking videos that Tik Tok and Aauto Quicker are willing to open all these original platforms, such as e-commerce and advertising, to content entrepreneurs, so that they can get more shares in the ecology.

It can be said that short video has become the biggest outlet in the 4G era, and no giant wants to be absent. Although Tencent and Baidu were behind Aauto Quicker and ByteDance at that time, they all hoped to stay at the poker table and wait for the next outlet in the 5G era. Just one year later, "lucky" Tencent and others came to the WeChat video number, while Baidu "hastily" announced at the end of 2020 that it would acquire YY live broadcast under Huanju Group for over 3 billion yuan.

While the short video industry is in sturm und drang, the industry supervision is becoming stricter. In 2018, short video platforms such as Aauto Quicker, Volcano Video, Meipai and Tik Tok were successively ordered to be rectified by relevant departments. At that time, Tik Tok initiated the initiative of all sectors of society to jointly draft the Tik Tok Community Convention on the platform to strengthen self-discipline; At the beginning of 2019, China Network Audiovisual Program Service Association issued "Management Specification for Network Short Video Platform" and "Detailed Rules for Auditing Network Short Video Content" to guide the standardized development of the industry; In 2020, xiaokaxiu and pear videos were successively removed; The year 2021 coincides with the beginning of the 14th Five-Year Plan, and the short video industry is facing the "strongest supervision in history". The China Network Audiovisual Program Service Association issued the Detailed Rules for the Audit Standards of Network Short Video Content, which regulated and restricted the short video content in more detail.

According to the latest data, in 2023, 112,918,700 hours of Internet video programs were added, including 547,462,600 hours of short videos. Internet users watched Internet audio-visual programs (including short videos) for about 3 hours every day, and more than 750 million users uploaded short videos.

It is generally judged in the industry that more and more short video platforms will begin to diversify, taking into account a variety of content and forms of expression; Industry players tend to be more concentrated, relying on the support of giants, and realizing the integration of Lian Heng through capital and resources. As a form of content expression and distribution, short video will be more and more integrated into various super applications. At the same time, with the strengthening of supervision and technological progress, the short video industry will also usher in a more compliant and broad development.

This activity is supported by China Positive Energy Network Communication Special Fund of China Internet Development Foundation.

Beijing News Chief Reporter Bai Jinlei Editor Yue Caizhou Proofread Liu Baoqing.

According to Guangzhou CDC

Recent monitoring data show that

For nearly a month,

The level of influenza activity, mainly influenza A, continues to rise.

The momentum is rapid.

Guangzhou has entered the high incidence of influenza in spring.

What are the symptoms of influenza?

How will it spread?

How to prevent and treat it scientifically?

How to tell whether it is the flu or the common cold?

……

One article will take you all to know.

▽

What is the flu?

△ Xu Yi, Director of Internal Medicine Department and Director of Infectious Diseases Department of Guangzhou Women and Children Medical Center

Xu Yi, director of internal medicine department and director of infectious diseases department of Guangzhou Women and Children Medical Center, said that influenza, referred to as influenza, is an acute respiratory disease caused by influenza virus and belongs to Class C infectious disease. Influenza A (subtype A H1N1 and subtype A H3N2) and influenza B (strain Yamagata and strain Victoria) are the most prevalent seasonal viruses in the population. Influenza A virus is more likely to spread rapidly among people, and many large-scale outbreaks of influenza in history are related to influenza A virus. Recently, the rising level of influenza activity in many places in China is also caused by the subtype of influenza A (H1N1).

In the past three years, we have taken non-drug interventions, such as wearing masks and limiting social distance, which have effectively curbed the spread of the COVID-19 epidemic. At the same time, it also reduces the exposure to influenza in the population, resulting in the decline of pre-existing immunity in the population, which has a certain risk of influenza epidemic. In the south, there may be a single annual influenza peak from April to June every year.

In the face of influenza virus, we have two sharp weapons to "defeat the enemy": special antiviral drugs and influenza vaccine. As long as you pay attention to personal precautions and maintain good hygiene habits, the possibility of a persistent influenza pandemic is already small, so you don’t have to be nervous and afraid.

How does the flu spread?

Influenza patients and recessive infections are the main sources of seasonal influenza infection. Influenza is mainly transmitted by air droplets, and it can also be transmitted by direct or indirect contact with mucous membranes such as mouth, nose and eyes. It can also spread in the form of aerosol in a crowded, closed or poorly ventilated room.

What are the main symptoms of influenza?

The onset of influenza is urgent, and most of them are self-limited. Mainly with fever, headache, myalgia and general malaise; The body temperature can reach 39~40℃, which is often accompanied by systemic symptoms such as muscle and joint pain, fatigue and loss of appetite. Often sore throat, dry cough, nasal congestion, runny nose, discomfort behind the sternum, facial flushing, conjunctival congestion and so on. Some patients have mild or no symptoms. Mild flu is often similar to the common cold, but flu fever and systemic symptoms are more obvious.

How to distinguish

H1N1 and the common cold?

The child has flu-related symptoms

What circumstances need to be sent to the doctor in time?

1. Persistent high fever > 3 days, accompanied by severe cough, expectoration of pus, blood sputum, or chest pain;

2. Breathing frequency is fast, breathing is difficult, and the lips are cyanotic;

3. Slow response, lethargy, restlessness, etc.;

4. Severe vomiting, diarrhea, dehydration such as less urine and less tears;

5. pneumonia;

6. When the original underlying disease is obviously aggravated.

It should be emphasized that younger children must see a doctor when they have persistent high fever or ultra-high fever in the first 1-2 days of illness, and the antipyretic drugs and physical cooling effects are not obvious, or when they have convulsions.

How to treat the flu?

Generally, children are advised to stay at home and keep the room ventilated after symptoms appear. Get enough rest, drink plenty of water, and the diet should be easy to digest and nutritious. Minimize contact with others and avoid infection. The focus of treatment is to relieve flu-like symptoms such as fever and cough, and the patient’s condition should be closely observed.

Children under 5 years old or obese are more likely to have serious complications, so antiviral treatment under the guidance of a doctor as soon as possible can alleviate flu symptoms, shorten the course of flu and reduce the mortality rate of severe flu.

Remember: antibiotics and hormones are ineffective against influenza virus. )

The flu is coming

How to prevent it scientifically?

1. Personal protection: During the flu season, try to avoid going to crowded places and contacting people with respiratory symptoms; If the child has respiratory symptoms, he should rest at home, conduct health observation, and enter the park and attend classes without illness; Maintain good hygiene habits such as hand hygiene and cough etiquette.

2. Maintain environmental sanitation: keep the residence clean and ventilated, and regularly clean and disinfect key parts such as door handles and handrails.

3. Strengthen the health monitoring of collective units: schools and kindergartens should strengthen morning and afternoon inspections and full-day observation; Children with flu-like symptoms should rest at home to reduce the spread of the disease.

4. Vaccination against influenza is the first line of defense against influenza, and children over 6 months old can have protective effect after vaccination according to recommended procedures. The peak time and duration of influenza activity vary from place to place every year. In order to ensure that the recipients can get immune protection before the flu season, it is recommended to vaccinate as soon as the vaccine is available.

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Original title: "Guangzhou has entered the high incidence of influenza in spring! You need to pay attention → "

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In the summer of 2009, Pizza Hut cancelled its salad self-service in China chain stores, but foreign media seemed to have just recovered. The British "Post Online" news website analyzed and reported on the 29th of this month why Pizza Hut’s buffet salad was withdrawn in China, and listed in detail the case that Chinese became a "salad engineer" when he arrived at Pizza Hut, and concluded that "Pizza Hut could not afford to play after meeting Chinese". For the whimsy of China diners, foreign netizens also have different views. Some netizens envy and hate, "My mother Mia, it looks so good, I will do the same!" Some netizens criticized, "I don’t think we should waste food. It is said that there are still some children in China who don’t have enough to eat … …”

Foreign netizens hotly discuss Chinese Pizza Hut "Salad Tower" to force it to cancel salad self-service.

The following is the full text of the report:

A few years ago, Pizza Hut closed the salad buffet in China, and the official statement was that it was part of the menu reform. But many people think that the real reason is that the Pizza Hut diners in China can always make the Big Mac salad tower, so the cunning China diners came up with this idea.

Because compared with the generous Pizza Hut in Europe and America, the Pizza Hut in China only allows diners to help themselves with salads at the salad counter at one time. Therefore, diners in China certainly won’t waste this opportunity, which is also the only one. They invented the "salad tower" and piled up all kinds of fruits and vegetables in order to get more salads at one time.

China Diners’ "Masterpieces"

As a result, this kind of "salad tower" has become a trend. Many people post their "salad tower" on the Internet to show off, so everyone wants to surpass others and build a higher Pizza Hut "salad tower". Those "salad engineers" also shared their experience of stacking on the Internet. For example, if you want to stack the "salad tower" very high, you must first put the crispy foods such as carrots and cucumbers on the base and lay a good foundation.

Because Pizza Hut is positioned as a high-end restaurant in Asia, not a cheap fast food restaurant, when Pizza Hut restaurant in China announced that it would no longer set up its own salad service in China, people took it for granted that the "salad tower" was the cause.

Of course, after learning the bad news, Chinese seems to be more keen on building a "salad tower" to make up for the regret of the accumulation of colorless lacquers.

Kotakure website commented that Pizza Hut still kept some salad self-service in China’s capital, but this kind of play has gone out.

Foreign netizens also have different views on the whimsy of China diners. The following are excerpts from foreign netizens’ comments:

Pizza Hut "Salad Tower" — — Pure handmade

My mother Mia, it’s so awesome. It looks good. I’m going to do the same!

I think it’s better not to waste food. It is said that there are still some children in China who don’t have enough to eat … … Forget it. Forget it.

Well, it’s really incredible!

Aren’t they afraid that eating all these at once will hurt their stomachs?

Wonderful Pizza Hut "Salad Tower"

I’m not surprised at this at all. I have lived in China for three years, and sometimes when I have brunch in a five-star hotel on weekends, I am really shocked every time. Chinese always fills the plate with food, as if it were their last meal. Whether it’s salad, caviar or dessert, Chinese can eat all the food you can name, and he eats a lot.

I remember that when people went to Pizza Hut for dinner a few years ago, they had to pay extra for salad. At that time, I always put salad in a bowl, because I could take more. I think I didn’t know I was dwarfed until I went to the East. I still like the way diners in China do, and I have learned a lot from them. I often go to Pizza Hut after returning to China, and then pile up salads to make all kinds of "salad towers", and I enjoy the feeling that employees and other guests stare at me. I think I am awesome!

Chinese has never eaten western food. You see that China is full of Pizza Hut, McDonald’s and KFC, and supermarkets are full of Tesco and Wal-Mart. Have you ever seen China-branded restaurants or other chain stores in Britain and America?

God-like existence — — Pizza Hut Salad Tower

I think Chinese’s "salad tower" is the greed of a few people that has damaged the interests of many people.

This looks very unsightly. I’m curious when was the last time they ate, and why did they keep stuffing food into their mouths?

I think only people who like salad very much can take so much at a time, otherwise it will be so heavy that all the food below will be crushed, and I feel disgusting.

I have a very simple way. Salad service is charged by weight. Let’s see if they will still take so much!

Although it is short, it is full of Pizza Hut "salad tower"

I can’t figure it out. In all Pizza Huts in the United States, the food in the salad bar is full, and few people take it … … Except, of course, Pizza Hut near Los Angeles Airport.

Real men eat potatoes and meat, not salads!

Ok, this really shocked me, but the salad in Pizza Hut tastes ok, so why put so much!

Well, they really have time to do this. When it’s done, the pizza will get cold.

Teach you how to build Pizza Hut "Salad Tower" by hand.

Original post address: British Post Online, Longteng.com.