Conquering the endless desert, crossing the complex and changeable landform, bathing in the clear and cool valley and pursuing the free distance may be every young man’s dream of releasing himself. In order to make users’ dreams come true, iCAR 03, which knows more about cars and people, not only creates excellent driving performance and hard-core safety protection, but also accompanies users to enjoy the tide; In response to the situation, we launched the million-kilometer long-distance measurement activity of iCAR 03 million users, breaking through the imagination boundary and starting a dream journey.

Since the official launch of the "Fun and Easy Exploration of Mountains and Seas" iCAR 03 million users, it has set off a heated discussion among many young users. This co-creation experience is undoubtedly an irresistible temptation for young people who have been chasing after new things for a long time, so both the sense of participation and the expectation value are full. This activity will last for 100 days across 10 provinces in China, meet 10 kinds of complicated road conditions and 7 kinds of landform tests, and finally challenge the test mileage of millions of kilometers. While having fun with the great mountains and rivers of the motherland, people can see, feel and experience the hard-core driving and control safety strength of iCAR 03, and enjoy the freedom brought by speed and passion.

Excellent driving control, unlimited driving interest, and easy and comfortable complex road conditions.

A pure electric vehicle wants to explore the unknown journey across mountains and seas, and it needs more powerful driving and control strength besides courage blessing. ICAR 03 is equipped with intelligent electric four-wheel drive and full road condition control system, with 10ms response, faster acceleration, real-time perception of vehicle driving status, providing the best traction, and providing nine driving modes of Eco/Eco+/ standard/sport/snow/mud/sand/four-wheel drive/track. It can also be manipulated freely when encountering complicated road conditions such as sand, mud and mountain roads, and experience more driving pleasure.

At the same time, the new car also uses a six-in-one motor, and the front and rear double motors are designed. The peak power is 70kW+ 135kW, the dynamic response is ≤80ms, the wheel torque is ≥ 4,100 N m, the peak torque is 165 N m+220 N m, the acceleration time of 100 kilometers is only 6.5s, the maximum speed is 150km/h, and the power is abundant and strong, so it is easy to start overtaking. ICAR 03 has a maximum climbing degree of 55%, a approach angle of 26 and a departure angle of 29. It has high passability and ability to get out of trouble, and it can smoothly pass through and easily cross the terrain such as water pits, gravel roads, grass and shrubs.

Comfortable, safe and thoughtful control, enjoy the wonderful scenery all the way.

This exciting and challenging journey is not only the amazing scenery waiting to be visited, but also the hard-core challenge of security protection. ICAR 03 adopts one box integrated brake-by-wire system, which integrates brake assist, ESC, EPB and other functions. It has a rapid braking response in 20ms and an energy recovery rate of 24.5%. It is safe and energy-saving.

In addition, in order to provide users with more comfortable driving experience, iCAR 03 adopts the chassis structure of front McPherson and rear H-arm independent suspension, and the hollow cast aluminum H-arm reduces weight by 30%, reduces unsprung impact, improves comfort, and has large overall stiffness, which effectively improves vehicle handling performance and NVH performance. The control arm bushing adopts hydraulic bushing technology, which can reduce the road vibration by more than 30% in the face of bumpy road sections, and even if the journey is long, it can make young people who are chasing new people enjoy a more comfortable journey.

ICAR 03 galloped in the endless desert, releasing the purest driving strength during the million-kilometer journey of iCAR 03 users to test Alashan desert. With strong power and excellent driving control, the desert Gobi moves freely, and has a cool and hard-core soul collision with young people chasing after the new. With the successful completion of the Alashan desert tour, iCAR 03 million users will also start a new journey, and once again feel the brave posture of this new car. The next section is wonderful, so stay tuned!

　　[car home Safety Technology] For most netizens, the collision test of automobiles is a relatively unfamiliar field. However, the birth of every new car must go through this test about the safety of car owners. Recently, Changan Automobile seems to have fallen in love with the "brush" performance in the crash test, and has also spent a lot of effort on crash safety. Their products from Yidong to CS75 have achieved good results in the domestic crash safety test. From the perspective of Chang ‘an people, of course, they will not be satisfied with the results in the car crash test, so they built an MPV—— with a five-star safety rating standard-Chang ‘an Auchan (hereinafter referred to as Auchan). Because MPV can carry more passengers, it is particularly important to protect the passenger compartment. Before Auchan’s C-NCAP test results were officially announced, I had the honor to visit a 100% frontal crash test of Auchan in Changan Automobile Research Institute.

　　The C-NCAP crash test has experienced the development of three generations of regulations. From the original 2009 version to the current 2015 version, the requirements for "five-star" safety performance are also increasing. Now the latest regulations are more stringent on the basis of the 2012 version. The driver’s seat belt prompt function and ISOFIX function were cancelled, and the total score was reduced from 62 to 61, but the total score and evaluation method for frontal collision remained unchanged, still 18 points.

"Image source: C-NCAP official website"

"Image source: C-NCAP official website"

"Image source: C-NCAP official website"

　　At present, the minimum score of five-star performance has increased from 52 to 54, while the minimum score of four-star performance has increased from 44 to 48, which also puts forward higher requirements for future vehicles.

● Different from the previous full-load collision test.

　　At present, the test of C-NCAP stipulates that Changan Auchan only needs to place four test dummies in the front row and the second row. However, you should know that it is a 7-seat MPV, and there will be a situation full of seven members in actual use. Therefore, the engineers of Chang ‘an Automobile Research Institute heroically stuffed this car with seven test dummies, which simulated the vehicle state when the collision occurred in the real car situation to the maximum extent. In order to ensure the safety of all seven members in the car, the body structure and materials are the first problems that engineers should consider.

　　According to the regulations of C-NCAP, the test of 100% frontal collision is specified in detail, but simply speaking, the so-called 100% frontal collision can be understood as the test that the vehicle collides with a fixed rigid object at a speed of 50 km/h.

　　In the crash test laboratory of Changan Automobile Research Institute, there are more than 300 vehicles used for testing every year. This figure shows that almost every day, an Changan automobile is crashed here with a "duang" for the safety of its owners, so as to exchange a large number of test data related to vehicle safety to improve or improve the safety performance of vehicles.

　　Before the collision, the engineer will install various sensors for the tested vehicle to record all kinds of data fed back when the vehicle collides. Of course, the most important one is the crash test dummy, and the price of the Hybrid III dummy used for the test is as high as one million yuan. Manufacturers can provide adult male, female and child dummies for simulation test. They are not only expensive, but also have strict regulations in the use process, and often need to re-calibrate the parameters after several collision tests, which can be said to be expensive and exquisite.

● Auchan collision test

　　In just a few seconds, the tested vehicle was accelerated to 50km/h in the test site and hit the fixed rigid wall at this speed. This is a very short process, and the rest is a lot of analysis of the impact data by engineers. It can be seen from the pictures on the scene that after the collision, Auchan’s front car has obviously collapsed and absorbed energy, and the length of the engine compartment has changed obviously.

　　Because the specific collision data and results of Auchan are not known at present, we can only make visual observation from the collision vehicles at the scene and make a comprehensive analysis combining with some previously published materials.

　　For the force transmission structure design of the front part of the car body during collision, Auchan added the design of collision dowel bar to the front part of the car body, which can quickly disperse the force acting on the car body during collision and ensure the integrity of the passenger compartment.

　　The design concept of modern automobile is to absorb energy from the engine compartment at the front of the car body as much as possible to ensure the structural integrity of the passenger compartment and the safety of passengers in the car. Therefore, the front position needs to be designed to be "hard and soft": hard means to reduce the damage of the vehicle and reduce the maintenance cost in the future when a low-speed collision does not hurt the occupants in the vehicle; Soft is to sacrifice the space outside the passenger compartment as much as possible to ensure the safety of passengers in case of inevitable serious collision. In order not to deform during collision, the passenger compartment needs to be constructed with very strong materials.

　　Auchan used a lot of high-strength steel as the construction material of the body frame in the design, and the proportion of high-strength steel with yield strength higher than 280 MPa reached 65%. Steel with yield strength higher than 340 MPa was used in the front anti-collision beam, A-pillar, B-pillar reinforcement and rear longitudinal beam, which played a key role in the collision process, to ensure the safety of the passenger compartment.

　　After the collision, Auchan’s front fender was deformed to a certain extent, which had a slight impact on the opening of the front door. Due to the interference of the front fender, the front door needed a little force to open to the maximum angle. However, because the passenger compartment has not been deformed, the doors on both sides can still be opened and closed normally.

　　As for Auchan’s collision test, the manufacturer provided us with pictures taken by high-speed cameras and GIF dynamic pictures, which can show the whole process of the collision and provide help for data analysis after the collision test.

　　Not only the head of the passenger in the car, but also the passenger will move due to inertia in the process of collision. At this time, the only measures to ensure safety to the greatest extent are seat belts and airbags. If you don’t wear seat belts, airbags will pop up and even cause more serious injuries to the passengers during collision. Therefore, it is a very good habit to fasten your seat belt when you get on the bus. The important thing is to say it again: please get into the habit of fastening your seat belt when you get on the bus.

● Changan’s research and development on safety technology.

　　At the technical briefing before the crash test, Changan Automobile Research Institute also introduced several new safety technologies that are being developed and will be applied to Changan Automobile in the near future.

　　According to Zhao Hui, president of Chang ‘an Automobile Research Institute, Chang ‘an is currently developing a new technology of seat belt airbag, which is different from the common seat belt design with airbag on the market at present. Its airbag is placed at the belt position of three-point seat belt. This design can better bind passengers closer to the center of gravity of the human body, prevent them from sliding forward due to inertia when a collision occurs, and play a better protection effect when working with the front airbag.

　　In terms of the safety protection of rear passengers, Changan is at the forefront of China brand. Engineers of Changan Automobile Research Institute are developing the front airbag for rear passengers: this is a technology that integrates the front seat back angle sensor, passenger weight sensor and step-by-step pop-up airbag. It can actively adjust the ejection strength of the airbag according to different body types and the backrest angle of the front seat, and can provide better protection effect for the rear passengers. It is reported that this technology is expected to be put into mass production within 3-5 years.

Editor’s summary:

　　Thanks to the use of collapsible materials and reasonable structural design, Auchan dispersed and absorbed collision energy by collapsing the front engine compartment when a collision occurred. The optimization of the car body structure and the use of high-strength steel can quickly disperse the impact force generated by the collision to all parts of the car body after the collision and ensure the safety of the occupants in the car through the high-strength passenger compartment structure. This design concept is the most mainstream and most reasonable collision safety protection concept at present. As mentioned at the beginning of the article, Changan has obtained or will obtain a five-star safety rating from Yidong to CS75 to Auchan we see today. Behind the achievements is Changan’s great efforts in the safety field, so we are very happy to see a China brand MPV with excellent safety performance. (Photo/Text car home Luo Aoyu)

BYD, as a leading enterprise in China’s new energy vehicle market, has launched a number of models that have attracted much attention, among which the and are particularly eye-catching. The two cars have their own advantages in design, performance, configuration and so on. This paper will compare and analyze them from multiple angles to help consumers make wise choices.

Qin L adopts the latest Dragon Face design language of BYD family, with sharp front shape and fashionable and dynamic overall appearance, which is suitable for consumers who pursue modernity. In terms of interior, Qin L is simple and atmospheric, using high-quality materials, equipped with a large-size central control panel and a full LCD instrument panel, which is full of science and technology.

Seal 06 pays more attention to luxury and high-end experience, with smooth body lines, unique front and rear design and strong visual impact. The interior is more luxurious, uses a lot of high-grade materials, has a more elegant layout, and is equipped with a large-size touch screen and high-tech configuration.

Qin L is equipped with a 1.5L turbocharged engine and motor hybrid power system, with the maximum power of 110 HP (engine) and 135 kW (motor), the maximum torque of 240 Nm (engine) and 330 Nm (motor), the acceleration of 100 km is about 7.9 seconds, and the comprehensive fuel consumption is 1.4 L/100 km (in hybrid mode).

Seal 06 adopts pure electric drive and is equipped with high-efficiency motor. The maximum power is 200 kW, the maximum torque is 400 Nm, the acceleration of 100 kilometers is about 4.5 seconds, and the NEDC cruising range is about 600 kilometers. For consumers who pursue electric vehicle performance and environmental protection, Seal 06 is undoubtedly a better choice.

Qin L is equipped with full-speed adaptive cruise, lane keeping assistance, automatic emergency braking system and so on. Technology configuration includes 12.8-inch touch screen, BYD DiLink system and wireless charging. Comfortable configurations include NAPPA leather seats, front and rear seat heating, seat ventilation, automatic air conditioning and panoramic sunroof.

Seal 06 is more luxurious in configuration, equipped with advanced driving assistance system (such as automatic driving function), full-speed adaptive cruise, lane keeping assistance and automatic emergency braking system 2. In terms of technology configuration, Seal 06 has a 15.6-inch touch screen, BYD’s latest DiLink system, wireless charging and AR-HUD head-up display. Comfortable configuration includes high-grade leather seats, seat massage, four-zone automatic air conditioning and panoramic sunroof.

The price ranges of the two cars are similar, ranging from 99,800 yuan to 139,800 yuan. Qin L is suitable for users who want to find a balance between performance, configuration and price. It has good fuel economy and scientific configuration, and the price is relatively affordable. Seal 06 is more suitable for users who pursue high-end experience and electric vehicle performance, with stronger power and more luxurious configuration.

Which model you choose depends mainly on your needs and budget. If you pay more attention to cost performance and fuel economy, Qin L will be a good choice; If you are looking for high-end configuration and excellent performance of electric vehicles, Seal 06 is more suitable.

In a word, Qin L and Seal 06 have their own advantages, and consumers should make choices according to their own needs and budgets. I hope the comparative analysis of this article can help you to make a car purchase decision.

In July, 2022, the 359th batch of new products declared as "Announcement of Road Motor Vehicle Manufacturers and Products" was officially announced, including Dongfeng Honda HR-V, Guangqi Honda brand-new Binzhi and new generation Chuanqi M8. So, what is the appearance of these heavy new cars? What’s the size? Below, buy a car and come with everyone to learn more about it.

Dongfeng Honda HR-V

Dongfeng Honda HR-V can be regarded as the sister model of Guangzhou Automobile Honda ZR-V. According to the application information, the wheelbase of Dongfeng Honda HR-V is 2655mm, and the length, width and height are 4569/1840/1621mm respectively, which is basically consistent with that of Guangqi Honda Zr-V. However, Dongfeng Honda HR-V adopts a more square honeycomb grille design, which looks very atmospheric.

In the power part, Dongfeng Honda HR-V is equipped with a 1.5T+CVT powertrain, in which the model of the 1.5T engine is L15CG with a maximum power of 134kW. With the appearance of HR-V and the replacement of CR-V, Dongfeng Honda’s SUV family sales are expected to be in by going up one flight of stairs soon.

Guangqi Honda brand-new Binzhi

As can be seen from the declaration map, the air intake grille of Guangqi Honda’s new Binzhi adopts the same color design as the car body, and the fashion sense of the whole front face has been significantly improved compared with the current one. As for the body size, the new Binzhi has a wheelbase of 2610mm and a length, width and height of 4380/1790/1590mm respectively. Compared with the current models, the new Binzhi is superior in length.

In the power part, Guangqi Honda’s new Binzhi is equipped with a 1.5L naturally aspirated engine with a maximum power of 91kW. According to the application data, the fuel consumption of Guangqi Honda’s new Binzhi is 6.3L and 6.4L, which correspond to different kerb quality.

Brand new Civic HATCHBACK e:HEV

The new Civic HATCHBACK e:HEV, which is the hybrid version of the new Civic hatchback, basically continues the design of the new Civic hatchback fuel version, and looks more sporty than the new Civic sedan version. In terms of body size, the wheelbase of the new car is 2735mm, and the length, width and height are 4548/1802/1415(1420)mm, which are basically consistent with the fuel version.

However, the new Civic HATCHBACK e:HEV is equipped with hybrid power, specifically a 2.0L hybrid power system, in which the 2.0L naturally aspirated engine has a maximum power of 105kW. As for the fuel consumption, the comprehensive fuel consumption per 100 kilometers of the new car is 4.61L and 4.67L, and the fuel economy is excellent.

Ji Li xing Yao

According to the application information, Geely is about to launch a brand-new SUV, and the SUV will be named Xingyao (from the tail mark). The internal code name of Geely Xingyao is FX11, and it has a sharp front face and tail, which can bring a strong visual impact. In terms of size, Xingyao has a wheelbase of 2777mm and a length, width and height of 4670/1900/1705mm, respectively, and is positioned as a compact SUV.

In terms of power, Geely Xingyao based on CMA architecture will launch 1.5T and 2.0T models, in which the maximum power of 1.5T engine is 133kW and that of 2.0T engine is 160kW. In addition, the new car will also launch a hybrid version (equipped with Lei Shenqing Hi·X hybrid system), which will bring rich power choices to consumers.

Brand new Chuanqi M8

Judging from the declaration map, the new generation Chuanqi M8, like the current model, also provides two kinds of front faces for consumers to choose from, and it is also a vertical and horizontal grille design, but the specific details are obviously different. In terms of dimensions, the new Chuanqi M8 has a wheelbase of 3070mm, and its length, width and height are 5,193 (5,212)/1,893/1,823 mm respectively, in which the wheelbase is increased by 70mm and the length is slightly improved.

In terms of power, the new Chuanqi M8 will launch fuel and hybrid models, in which the fuel version is equipped with a 2.0T engine with a maximum power of 185kW, and the hybrid version is equipped with a 2.0T hybrid system, in which the 2.0T engine has a maximum power of 140kW.

Chang ‘an Auchan X5 PLUS

According to the application information, Changan Auchan plans to launch the Changan Auchan X5 PLUS model. The front face of the new car is obviously different from Auchan X5, but it also has a good visual impact and is very sporty. In terms of body size, the wheelbase of Changan Auchan X5 PLUS is 2715mm, and the length, width and height are 4540/1860/1610(1620)mm, which is longer and higher than that of Auchan X5, and the wheelbase is also a little longer.

In terms of power, Changan Auchan X5 PLUS will be equipped with a 1.5T engine of model JL473ZQ7, which has a maximum power of 138kW (188HP), which is stronger than the 1.5T engine of Auchan X5.

Lingke 05 EM-P

As the latest plug-in hybrid model of Lectra 05, the appearance of Lectra 05 EM-P is very similar to that of the current Lectra 05 PHEV model. The two-color body is matched with exquisite wheels, giving people a fashionable visual experience. According to the application information, the wheelbase of the LECK 05 EM-P is 2734mm, and the length, width and height are 4592/1879/1628mm respectively, which is consistent with the LECK 05 PHEV currently on sale.

As for the power, the Lectra 05 EM-P is equipped with Lynk E-Motive intelligent electric hybrid technology. The specific plug-in hybrid system consists of a 1.5T engine+motor, of which the maximum power of the 1.5T engine is 110kW. In addition, the maximum speed of the new car can reach 210 km/h.

AION Y Plus

AION Y’s latest model, AION Y Plus, appeared in the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology. As can be seen from the declaration map, AION Y Plus generally continues the design of AION Y, and only makes adjustments in details, such as front and rear enclosures and taillights. If you look closely, it is easy to distinguish the two models.

According to the application information, AION Y Plus will be equipped with a driving motor with a maximum power of 150kW, and the power is slightly higher than the current one. As for the body size, the wheelbase of AION Y Plus is 2750mm, and the length, width and height are 4535/1870/1650mm, which are longer than the current models, but the wheelbase of the two is the same.

Zhiji LS7

Zhiji LS7 is the second mass-produced model of Zhiji Automobile, with a wheelbase of 3060mm, a length of 5049mm and a width of 2002mm, respectively, and is positioned as a medium and large SUV. In terms of appearance, Zhiji LS7, like Zhiji L7, adopts a simple design style, but the headlights of Zhiji LS7 look softer. With the upgrade of configuration, cameras and radars will be added to the roof of Zhiji LS7 to improve the automatic driving ability of the whole vehicle.

Zhiji LS7 with pure electric power is available in two-wheel drive and four-wheel drive models, in which the two-wheel drive model is equipped with a rear single motor with a maximum power of 250kW, the front motor with a maximum power of 175kW and the rear motor with a maximum power of 250kW. In terms of batteries, the two-wheel drive and four-wheel drive models of Zhiji LS7 are equipped with ternary lithium-ion batteries.

Mitsubishi brand-new Outlander

GAC Mitsubishi’s brand-new Outlander was unveiled at the 2022 Chongqing Auto Show. This appearance at the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology means that it will be officially listed soon. The new Outlander has adopted a brand-new design and added design elements such as split headlights, which looks younger and heavier than the current models. In terms of size, the new Outlander has a wheelbase of 2706mm and a length, width and height of 4,710/1,862/1,745 mm, which are superior to the current models.

In terms of power, the new Outlander will be equipped with a 1.5T+CVT powertrain, in which the maximum power of the 1.5T engine is 158kW(215 HP), which is better than the current model. According to the application information, the maximum speed of the new Outlander can reach 195 km/h.

In the latest batch of declared models, Dongfeng Honda HR-V, the new generation Chuanqi M8, the new Binzhi and other models can undoubtedly attract a lot of attention. However, having a high degree of attention does not mean that it will sell well. Then, how many of the above new cars will be able to enter the hot-selling ranks? We will wait and see.

[car home Beijing Preferential Promotion Channel] Recently, a large-scale preferential activity is being carried out in Beijing, with the highest preferential range reaching 50,000 yuan, making the minimum starting price of this model only 113,900 yuan. If you are considering buying Volkswagen ID.3, now is an excellent time. Please note that if you want to get a higher discount, you may wish to click "Check the car price" in the quotation form to get the best discount.

Volkswagen ID.3 adopts a streamlined body design, and the overall style is simple and dynamic. In the front face design, ID.3 cancels the traditional air intake grille and replaces it with a flat closed panel with Volkswagen’s LOGO embedded in the center and slender LED headlights on both sides, creating a futuristic visual effect. The side lines of the car body are smooth, with a low roof and large wheels, showing a sporty atmosphere. On the whole, the design of ID.3 not only conforms to modern aesthetics, but also has a sense of science and technology.

The body size of Volkswagen ID.3 is 4261mm*1778mm*1568mm, the wheelbase is 2765mm, the front tread is 1548mm and the rear tread is 1525 mm.. The body lines are smooth, and the compact and dynamic design style is adopted. With 18-inch rims, the tyre size is 215/55 R18, which not only improves the stability and handling performance of the vehicle, but also gives the vehicle a more fashionable and sporty visual effect.

The interior style of Volkswagen ID.3 is simple and modern. The central control area is equipped with a 12.9-inch touch screen, which integrates multimedia system, navigation and voice recognition control functions, greatly improving the driving convenience. The steering wheel is made of plastic material, which supports manual adjustment up and down and back and forth to meet the needs of different drivers. The seat is made of leather/fabric mixed material, and the main and auxiliary seats provide the functions of front and rear, backrest and height adjustment, ensuring the ride comfort. In addition, the car is equipped with a Type-C charging interface, which facilitates the charging of passengers’ electronic equipment.

Volkswagen ID.3 is equipped with an efficient motor with a maximum power of 125 kW and a peak torque of 310 Nm, which provides a strong power output for the vehicle.

Car home car owners are full of praise for the design of ID.3. He mentioned: "The design of ID.3 is fashionable and sporty. The front of the car is dignified, adopts a young and fashionable design style, and has a strong sense of movement. The front headlights are soft in design, giving people a sense of layering. At the same time, they are equipped with LED daytime running lights, and the overall visual effect is soft and dynamic. "

　　Foreword: Perhaps it is our personality. When more than ten people stand in front of these eight cars, everyone’s excitement is self-evident. On the other hand, these SUVs, which respectively represent the so-called American, European and Japanese styles, occupy a completely different position in the hearts of every editor. Although it can be seen from everyone’s expressions that this is definitely an enjoyable test, we still want to emphasize here that the focus of this test is on each four-wheel drive system. Emphasis on the systematic characteristics of highway performance, fashionable appearance and load-bearing body, obviously they are not hard-core representatives in cross-country fans, but they are ideal choices closer to urban people.

　

　

　

Review points in the past (click on the thumbnail to read directly)

　　Through the performance of each car on the spot, we have reason to refuse all kinds of paper talks, because many results will be beyond your expectation. Let’s take the lead in this test — — Audi Q5 2.0T limited edition sports edition and the famous quattro four-wheel drive system. Audi Q5 2.0T limited edition sports edition has a dynamic appearance and no cross-country style at all. The forward front axle not only makes it look much leaner than the elder brother Q7, but more importantly, the front suspension of Q5 is designed to be shorter than that of many opponents, which will bring it a larger approach angle.

　　In the field test, you will find that "whether the wheel suspension system can effectively lock and distribute power reasonably" is another story, provided that you can drive up the slope first. Although this sounds a bit ridiculous, it is indeed a very important prerequisite for "outdoor sports". Generally speaking, the slightly sedan Q5 front bumper is visually heavy, but there is no problem in entering the venue smoothly. If there’s no problem, take the rough road first!

　　Speaking of which, we need to look at the parameters of Q5′ s height from the ground. According to the data, the minimum ground clearance of Q5 is 185mm, which is not particularly small, so we have to assume that its wheelbase has somewhat dragged down its hind legs. Everything has its advantages and disadvantages. Originally, due to the long wheelbase and balanced counterweight brought by the forward movement of the front axle, Q5 suffered a little loss here. Finally, another colleague, under the command of the people outside the car, barely passed the area by taking the wheel on one side first. However, we can clearly see from the photos that the space left in the chassis is also very small.

　

---

Q5 actually passed the performance test.

---

　

　　“quattro”— — It may be the first instinct of many people to hear the four-wheel drive system. Of course, I don’t think it is necessary to talk about the origin of "quattro" or anything else here. The actual performance of the system itself on the imported Audi Q5 is the most important. Compared with rough roads, I wonder if these test vehicles, if they have life, will be a little scared to look at such a high cross-axis road? To tell the truth, such a harsh road surface is not suitable for these city SUVs with load-bearing bodies to challenge, but in order to clearly present the working state of their four-wheel drive system, the cross axle is today’s "compulsory subject".　

　

__________________________________________________________________________________

　　Cross axis:In the previous test project mainly aimed at hard-core off-road vehicles, because the wheels will be off the ground when the wheels on both sides are in different height drop positions, the way of power distribution of the four-wheel drive system of the vehicle can be clearly seen at this time, and the electronic system carried by the vehicle can be triggered to test whether the electronic system of this kind of urban SUV can play an obvious role.

__________________________________________________________________________________

　　Q5′ s performance in the cross-axis project test is not very good, but it is not difficult to pass the project with the reliability of quattro four-wheel drive system. Q5 didn’t expose any defects of quattro four-wheel drive system when starting to cross the axle, and everything of the vehicle remained normal. Only Q5′ s suspension stroke was short, and soon the wheels were suspended. At this time, we found that quattro four-wheel drive system can distribute power to the front and rear axles as required (Torsen differential can distribute 65% power to the front axle or 85% power to the rear axle at most in the limit state).

　　When the wheels off the ground idling, Q5′ s electronic system didn’t take any measures to control the idling tires, and of course, it didn’t transmit all the power to the two wheels with grip. From this, we can see that the Audi quattro four-wheel drive system can distribute the power between the front and rear axles in the limit state, but the electronic system is dragging its hind legs. When Q5 chooses the middle route of the cross axle (the route with the smallest difference between the front and rear), it can only barely pass.

　

---

Cross-axle test Q5 four-wheel power distribution

---

　

　　Then we increased the difficulty and let the vehicle drive on the left side of the big hump. The undulating angle of this road surface is larger and more difficult. At the beginning, Q5′ s performance was relatively stable. However, when the cross-axle wheels were off the ground, Q5′ s electronic auxiliary system still didn’t help us lock the idling wheels. It can also be seen that the electronic system equipped with Q5 for our test drive didn’t have EDL (electronic differential system) function. Facing the big gradient, Q5 relies on Torsen differential to distribute more power to the rear axle with strong grip, but at this time, it needs a big foot throttle to keep the vehicle moving forward, and it is not easy to pass this project.

　

　　After "hard work", Audi Q5 still stumbled through this section, and our test driver quickly returned the car to the central area of the cross axle. To sum up, in the whole quattro four-wheel drive system, the Torsen differential still completed its mission, and let the only two wheels push the car up the steep slope with difficulty, but we didn’t see any electronic system coming out to brake the idling wheels, which directly affected the more reasonable distribution of power and led to the Q5′ s performance here being a little ordinary and somewhat unexpected. Let’s review the whole process by video.

　

　

---

Driving on one side of the cross shaft almost stumbles Q5.

---

　　"Can your SUV climb a hill?" This topic seems to be very popular some time ago. In fact, it doesn’t necessarily need a big slope. We use a simpler method to test whether each four-wheel drive system can overcome the slippery slope. We paved a 10-meter-long rubber mulching film on a slope of about 15, and sprinkled a lot of soapy water on it to simulate a slippery road surface. During the test, we put the two wheels on the left side of the vehicle on the plastic film, and the right side still touches the ground normally. The test vehicle climbs the hill only by the driving force of two wheels on one side. Through this test, we can reflect the help of four-wheel drive system to our driving after snow.

　　Q5 performed well in this project. When stepping on the accelerator for about 30% at the start, two hungry tires on the left side of the road slipped slightly, but the ESP system immediately intervened to brake the slipping wheels with ABS, so as to reduce the wheel speed and make the wheels form rolling friction with the ground as much as possible, so as to prevent the wheels from idling and slipping, and make the tires on the wet road give full play to their grip as much as possible. Later, we tried to start at various throttle depths, and the electronic system could intervene to help us in time. After repeated experiments and splashing soapy water many times, Q5 could climb the ramp smoothly without any ambiguity.

　　After the ESP electronic system was turned off, we tested it again. At this time, we found that the electronic system of Q5 could not be completely turned off only by the switch on the center console. In an emergency, the electronic stability system will still help us to brake the tires that slip and idle, so that the vehicle can drive up the hill smoothly in this state. It can be seen that Audi’s quattro four-wheel drive system will perform better when all four wheels have grip, and the electronic system will work more actively, which is of great help to the driving performance of the vehicle.

　

　

---

Challenge the 15 slippery slope

---

　

　　You’re welcome to say, when you reach the high-speed pile-piercing area of this flat land, you can really reach the home of Audi Q5. For the Audi Q5, the high-power version of the 2.0T engine is the source of abundant power, which is also a great attraction for editors to compete for driving the Q5. The details such as the Bridgestone tire equipped with model 255/45R20 have become the places we appreciate in the pile-winding test.

　　Audi’s driving mode option is definitely one of the most worthy configurations, because by choosing three driving modes, you can really get three completely different driving experiences. In the pile-winding test, all options must be adjusted to "dynamic" mode, and the driving computer makes Q5 one of the most interesting SUVs by adjusting the engine, gearbox, steering and suspension system.

　　The change of steering and suspension system is obvious. The steering wheel diameter of Q5 is very small, and the precise steering system in sports mode greatly facilitates the driver’s control. Although the suspension system has been strengthened, it still has a certain tilt when it is around the pile, but it is much more obvious to stand outside the car than to sit in the car. In order to take care of the comfort of daily driving, the initial adjustment of the suspension system is still a little soft, which is also the fundamental source of the tilt. However, that’s all. The solid support in the rear section will never make the roll continue endlessly, so I always challenge for higher speed with confidence when driving the Q5 for the control test.

　

　

　

　　Sensitive power output will affect the smoothness of the control test to a certain extent at this time, because the cooperation between the 2.0T engine hidden in the engine room and the 7-speed powershift is almost flawless, so people have to be careful with the accelerator pedal. Once their actions are deliberately amplified, the tires will slip seriously, resulting in slight understeer. Fortunately, the quattro four-wheel drive system will avoid this situation as soon as possible and correct it through the electronic system.

　　Due to the change of the test site, the adhesion of the ground is lower than that of the commonly used test site, which leads to the performance of the tire becoming a short board of the handling test. Bridgestone’s DUELER H/P SPOR series tires are road tires designed as SUVs, rather than high-performance tires. In extreme cases, the grip is not as good as expected, but the power distribution biased towards the rear wheels does make people feel better tracking performance and more flexible vehicle control ability.

　

---

Experience and final summary of high-speed pile penetration

---

　　Summary: In fact, the ultimate goal of all simple or slightly complicated tests is to tell friends who are interested in this car whether it meets your needs. In today’s test, Q5′ s comprehensive performance is good. Except for the cross axis, it seems that it does not show the function of EDL electronic anti-skid differential lock system, and other aspects have shown a high level. Recently, we will also launch the test results of four-wheel drive systems of several models, such as SRX and XC60, as well as the comparative tests of various models of the same level, so stay tuned!

Audi Q5 Blind Zone Test for Urban SUV Four-wheel Drive System Test (click to read the full text)

Cadillac SRX and e-AWD intelligent four-wheel drive for four-wheel drive test(Click to read the full article)

Recently, SAIC-GM-Buick released a limited-time one-price activity of PLUS, with a total price drop of 60,000 yuan. The current car purchase enjoys a limited price of 169,900 yuan, in addition to a replacement subsidy of up to 25,000 yuan. The discounted Angkor PLUS can be said to be very cost-effective. Let’s take a look at this car.

The 2024 Angkewei PLUS is 4822mm long, 1883mm wide and 1695mm high (Avia is 1705mm). As a medium-sized SUV, it has a long wheelbase of 2833mm, which also creates a spacious interior space. The trunk volume of Angkewei PLUS is 475L-1531L, which can be flexibly adjusted. When the rear seats are put down, a large flat space as deep as 1904mm is obtained. Xiao Bian thinks that the demand for camping is not a problem.

Appearance, the front face of Angkewei PLUS adopts Buick Pure Design family design language, and the large chrome-plated decorative air intake grille is matched with the wings of birds; From the side, the streamlined body design is dynamic; The penetrating group of the rear part and the unique rear enclosure design complement each other. The shape of this car has brought strong visual impact and recognition to Xiaobian.

The most striking thing about the interior of Angkor PLUS is the 30-inch integrated curved surface screen. Its car is equipped with Qualcomm 8155 chip, and with this 6k giant screen, the user scene is smooth and one-click direct. In terms of riding, the seat adopts an ergonomic full-function seat wrapped in Moli leather, and with the standard 5mm double-layer acoustic mute glass and ANC active noise reduction technology, you can get a quiet rest environment in the car.

In terms of power, the 2024 Angkor PLUS is equipped with an efficient and energy-saving turbocharged engine, equipped with a 48V light mixing system and matched with a 9-speed HYDRA-MATIC gearbox. This power combination not only provides abundant power support for vehicles, but also achieves a perfect balance between power and fuel consumption. Whether it is a congested road section in the city or speeding up overtaking on the expressway, it can be easily handled. In addition, some models are also equipped with intelligent four-wheel drive system, which can automatically adjust the driving mode according to the road conditions to ensure excellent driving stability and passability under various complex road conditions.

In terms of intelligent driving, Angkor PLUS is equipped with eConnect intelligent interconnection technology, and the whole system comes standard with eCruise intelligent assisted driving. Before the belt, it can realize various functions such as full-speed adaptive cruising and automatic parking.

• How to choose

This time, Angkewei PLUS can enjoy a replacement subsidy of up to 25,000 yuan on the basis of a direct drop of 60,000 yuan, and the price/performance ratio is outstanding. The following are the prices of three models with different configurations.

The first is the 28T exclusive version, and Xiaobian summed it up in one sentence. L2-level assisted driving, automatic parking, etc. are all available, so it is right for friends who don’t just need four-wheel drive.

Then there is the exclusive edition of 28T four-wheel drive, which costs 10,000 yuan more, which is more suitable for friends who need to cross-country frequently and have demand for four-wheel drive.

Finally, Angkor PLUS Avia, this top model has a unique front grille design, and it is even more top-to-center, inductive tailgate, head-up display, BOSE audio, air purifier and digital key. It is fully equipped, and Xiao Bian thinks it is still worth it.

To sum up, the discount rate of 60,000 yuan is still very large, which can be said to be a dimension reduction blow of Angkewei PLUS. I believe many friends are already waiting to see, so you might as well try the car in the offline store. In the comment area, friends are also welcome to talk about the preferential strength of Angkewei PLUS and their views on this car.

　　Tianjin Jinjia Automobile Co., Ltd. is a leading automobile dealer group in China. The company is located in Tianjin Port Free Trade Zone with registered capital. 5000W, business area of 8000M, mainly engaged in overseas parallel imported cars. Committed to the distribution of luxury and super-luxury brand cars, such as: Porsche, Mercedes-Benz, BMW, Audi, Land Rover, Toyota, Bentley, Rolls-Royce, Ferrari, etc. We have a young, professional, exquisite and sincere sales team, a sales exhibition hall with elegant environment and advanced facilities, and a full-scale real car with excellent quality and comfortable driving. Come to our store and experience it for yourself. Your favorite car will accompany you to walk around the world and create a happy life.

　　Model: 23 additional 6.2L ESV extended sports platinum edition

　　Color: black/black

　　Configuration options: agate bag (bright black Escalade tail logo, marked floor lamp, monochrome Cadillac front and rear logo, 22-inch 12 bright black wheels), engine bar heater. Platinum bag (front massage seat, electric suction door, window sill lighting, adaptive air suspension, 12-way electric front seat, front passenger seat four-way lumbar support, rear entertainment, platinum interior, leather steering wheel, AKG Studio Reference 36 speaker sound system, electric pedal with LED lighting, floor lamp with Cadillac logo. )

　　At present, the port Cadillac Escalade 3.0T is a diesel version, and the 6.2L is a gasoline version. The daily market quotation of diesel version 3.0T is 1.42 million for sale.

　　The 6.2L gasoline version is priced at 1.66 million for sale. Book a car on WeChat: 18649226789 Aliang (same as WeChat)

　　Configuration standard: 6.2L V8 engine, 10-speed automatic transmission, 3.23 rear axle ratio, 4-wheel anti-lock disc brake system, 360-ring shadow, head-up display, automatic start and stop, automatic vehicle maintenance, brake assist, brake pad wear indicator, 4WD transmission system optional, bright color dual-outlet exhaust, Duralife brake disc, electronic limited slip differential, electronic precision shift, electronic parking, enhanced automatic emergency braking, External engine oil cooling system, super-large capacity cooling system, front pedestrian monitoring brake, heavy trailer equipment, large-capacity air filter, trailer auxiliary system, trailer auxiliary with trailer view, keyless entry, fuel tank cover lock, electronic driving control, parking assist, single-speed transfer case, electronic stability control system with traction control of StabiliTrak, traction mode selection, double-layer sound insulation glass, automatic headlight leveling, automatic headlight, Body-color door handle, body-color rearview mirror with heating automatic dimming electric folding, privacy glass, foot-sensing electric tailgate, black luggage rack, door handle illumination, automatic high beam, LED headlights, LED taillights, panoramic sunroof, automatic wiper, rear camera cleaning, rear window wiper, ultraviolet-proof glass, spare tire lock, active pneumatic shutter, hub lock, 110V power supply, 12V front power socket, and two-way electric front passengers. 7 airbags, eight-way front electric adjustment, AKG Studio 19 speaker system, adaptive cruise system, ambient light, augmented reality navigation, automatic seat belt tightening, Bluetooth,Air purification system, OLED display, enhanced automatic parking assistance, front and rear collision warning system, high-definition radio, front seat ventilation and heating, second row seat heating, steering wheel heating, ramp assistance, with lane departure warning.

　　Cadillac Escalade Even if you haven’t seen the real car, you must have seen it in the movie. It is a new generation of jade emperor Cadillac Escalade, with big face, big wheels and big body size. A big boss has to be a big boss, and its characteristics are big.

　　6.2-liter engine, 10-speed gearbox. 425 horsepower, 623 nm, the power of this grumpy V8 is old. This level of data can be said to completely surpass the same level of Land Rover. With a length of 5766mm, a width of 2059mm, a height of 1942mm and a wheelbase of 3407mm, how oppressive does this Cadillac Escalade give others on the road?

　　In terms of interiors, the whole system comes standard with AR live navigation, and the industry’s first 38.3-inch OLED curved large screen has a clearer resolution than a 4K TV. This is the sense of science and technology, and the leather seat is perforated with a V mark, which is full of luxury quality.

　　The new Cadillac Escalade is matched with a brand-new adaptive air suspension, which can adjust its body height according to the situation, and also adds an extreme intelligent driving system, and can realize the operation of truly releasing both hands. There are also 1.2 rows and 3 rows of seats that can be put down, and you can roll freely when you travel and carry things, or when you simply decorate yourself and sleep.

　　And how many stereos does your car have now? This car has 36 AKG stereos, 28 channels, everywhere, even the headrest. One of the most distinctive features of this car is that the built-in microphone is embedded in this AKG system, which can capture the passenger’s voice and amplify it. Because the front and rear dimensions of this car are relatively large, it can transmit sound back and forth. This detail is too thoughtful. No matter where you sit, you can clearly hear every passenger’s voice, and the space in the third row is also large enough.

　　Company commitment: We don’t make the lowest price in the market, the lowest price is not guaranteed, the highest price is not guaranteed, and the highest price is unfeeling. We only earn what we should earn, pay what we should, do things seriously, and win-win cooperation. If we cooperate with you, we can’t guarantee that you will spend the least money. I can guarantee that you will save the greatest heart and get the situation of quality, efficiency, interests and win-win. We look forward to the cooperation of every new and old customer! Serve with your heart and pass on trust! I am willing to cooperate with you for a long time! Please don’t take high-profile configuration and low-profile price! ! Imported cars are just one configuration and one price. There is always a friend asking what is the difference between a 4S shop car and an imported car! 　　

　　1. At the same price, there are more imported cars than 4S shops. 　

　　2, the same configuration, imported cars are cheaper than 4S stores. 　　

　　3. The quality of imported cars is better than that of 4S shops. 　　

　　4, all models are bare car prices, our company does not force any other expenses (insurance, decoration). 　　

　　5. Staging of imported cars can be done in some areas. Please refer to ITU for details. We can’t do the lowest price (can’t compare with sewing companies and scalpers), but we guarantee the best service and the best after-sales. You can contact us if you have any questions after picking up the car. The contract has legal benefits, the procedures are normal, and the car can be picked up at any time. Don’t blindly look for the lowest price (there are many examples of being cheated) 　　

　　Triple guarantee of car purchase 　　

　　The first guarantee: the original regular commodity car ensures that the brand-new car is not a repair car. 　　

　　The second guarantee: to ensure the quality, every car of the manufacturer has been professionally tested before leaving the factory. 　　

　　The third guarantee: the formalities on the day of car purchase are taken with the car (customs clearance, commodity inspection, conformity certificate, electronic information QR code)

　　Office Address: Haibin No.10 Road, Bonded Zone, Binhai New Area, Tianjin

　　Company name: Tianjin Jinjia Automobile Sales & Service Co., Ltd.

　　Book a car on WeChat: 18649226789 Aliang (same as WeChat)

　　Disclaimer: The above car purchase preferential information is provided by the comprehensive dealers of this website, and the price fluctuates greatly due to market factors, which is only for car purchase reference; The distributor is responsible for its authenticity, accuracy and legality, and this website does not provide any guarantee or assume any legal responsibility.

Finally, a new electric car has been introduced, but how does it compare with it?

It has long been regarded as the king of medium-sized luxury cars, but in 2024, an electric car, the i5, was introduced. It turned its attention to. The question is, can it really become the most recognized battery-driven car on the market? Let’s have a look.

To put it bluntly, it is cheaper. In the entry version, compared with Tesla’s $82,000, the starting price of the i5 is $69,000. However, on the M60, although it is more expensive than Tesla, BMW’s M performance is incomparable to Tesla.

Imitating Apple is one of the reasons why Tesla’s demand continues to rise. Unlike the conventional DC charging stations available to the public, Tesla has been investing in a powerful network of 3-level super charging stations all over the world. Tesla has higher charging power when charging. The 2023 Model S has a fast charging architecture with standard dual-motor settings, and promises to travel 200 miles within 15 minutes of charging. Therefore, BMW can’t compete with Tesla in charging. The cruising range is between 296 miles and 362 miles.

Driver assistance is all the rage now, and BMW i5 is no stranger to this trend. In fact, in addition to the usual BLIS system and night vision headlights, the i5 is equipped with a lane-changing assistant that is different from anything else on the market. This technology is called an active lane-changing assistant system with eye confirmation function. It uses two sets of cameras-some internal cameras and some external cameras-to automatically drive into the lane without any physical input.

The in-car camera tracks the driver’s eye movement through a set of cameras wedged into the dashboard, and when it detects a gap in the road, it will suggest changing lanes. If you really want to approve this proposal, all you have to do is blink cheekily at the left mirror or the right mirror (depending on the space you want to enter), and then the assistant will take over.

Tesla has long been regarded as a pioneer of this technology. Since the launch of the first Model s in 2014, it has been implementing iterations of autonomous driving software. Now the system has become completely powerful, and can follow the route guidance of going up and down the ramp without any driver’s intervention.

BMW has rolled up its sleeves and transformed the 5 Series, especially in the cab. The previous generation BMW was criticized for the minefield of buttons, selection knobs and touch pads, which made such simple things as volume reduction difficult. For i5, the number of buttons is significantly reduced, and most special functions can only be accessed through the new touch screen. The driver information display screen adopts a curved design similar to a sun visor, which is a 12.3-inch ultra-clear panel and integrated with a 14.9-inch multimedia screen.

Enthusiastic supporters of the Model S Owners Club quickly reminded anyone that cheap interiors are an inevitable by-product of environmental awareness. As far as i5 is concerned, this concept is sheer nonsense. In fact, the i5 and the new 5-series ICE variants represent BMW’s first vegan interior as a standard. Veganza surface reflects the softness of animal leather, and optional perforation and decorative quilting are provided to enhance the seating experience.

The i5 doesn’t lack amazing screens, buttons and gimmicks, but it’s a little sensory overload. Between the daunting shape and figuring out the cabin yourself, you may need to call on sick leave to connect. On the other hand, Model S retains its ergonomic style and is very simple to use.

In 2023, the almost borderless central screen will become horizontal, cut in half, and beautified with a clearer 2200×1300 display. The whole user interface on the first and second rows of screens has the modern practicability of smart phones, and there is no fuss.

In terms of control, there is no dispute that i5 should have the upper hand. Just like every BMW (M or other) that leaves the production workshop, each one has undergone a rigorous test to determine its ability to have sports and comfort characteristics. The handling performance of the i5 is shown as a widened track with horns on both axles-by the way, this is to achieve a nearly perfect 50:50 load distribution.

M60s sports suspension is available in standard i5, which is equivalent to electronically controlled shock absorber, active steering and vertical dynamic management system. To put it simply, the i5 should be able to manage less compliant roads, and the spring coefficient can be reduced during driving, which means excellent handling.

　　【 Name 】 Russian Federation, also known as Russia (The Russian Federation,The Russia; РоссийскаяФедерация，Россия）。

　　[Area] 17,075,400 square kilometers

　　[Population] 143 million (as of January 1, 2013). There are 193 ethnic groups, of which 77.7% are Russians. The main ethnic minorities are Tatar, Ukraine, Bashkir, Chuvash, Chechnya, Armenia, awar, Moldova, Kazakhstan, Azerbaijan and Belarus. Russian is the official language throughout the territory of the Russian Federation, and each Republic has the right to stipulate its own national language, which is used together with Russian in the territory of the Republic. The main religion is Orthodox Church, followed by Islam. According to the survey results of the All-Russian Public Opinion Research Center, 50-53% of Russian people believe in Orthodox Church, 10% in Islam, 1% in Catholicism and 1% in Judaism, and 0.8% in Buddhism.

　　[Capital] Moscow (москва). According to the expansion plan implemented on July 1, 2012, the area is 2510 square kilometers. The resident population is 11.54 million (according to the data of the Russian Federal Statistical Office in 2012). Average temperature: January-8℃, July 21℃.

　　[Head of State] Vladimir vladimirovich Putin, President of the Russian Federation (владимирвладими?о) He was elected on March 4, 2012 and sworn in on May 7.

　　[Important Festival] Gregorian New Year: January 1st; Orthodox Christmas: January 7; Russian New Year: January 13th; Defender’s Day of the Motherland (former Soviet Army Day): February 23rd; International Women’s Day: March 8; Spring and Labor Day (former Soviet Union Workers’ Solidarity Day): May 1st; Victory Day of the Great Patriotic War: May 9; The adoption date of the declaration of national sovereignty (National Day) is June 12th; People’s Solidarity Day (established in 2004 to commemorate Moscow’s defeat of Polish invaders): November 4th.

　　[Brief Introduction] Russia spans Eurasia, with the longest length of 9,000 kilometers from east to west and the widest width of 4,000 kilometers from north to south. Neighboring countries have Norway and Finland in the northwest, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland and Belarus in the west, Ukraine in the southwest, Georgia, Azerbaijan and Kazakhstan in the south and China, Mongolia and North Korea in the southeast. It faces Japan and the United States across the sea to the east. The coastline is 33,807 kilometers long. Most areas are located in the north temperate zone, with continental climate as the main climate, and the temperature difference is generally large. The average temperature in January is-5 ~-40℃, and the average temperature in July is 11 ~ 27℃. The average annual precipitation is 150 ~ 1000mm.

　　From the end of 15th century to the beginning of 16th century, a multi-ethnic feudal country was gradually formed with the Grand Duchy of Moscow as the center. In 1547, Ivan IV changed the title of Grand Duke to Tsar. In 1721, Peter I (Peter the Great) changed the country name to the Russian Empire. Slavery was abolished in 1861. In February 1917, the bourgeois revolution overthrew the autocratic system. On November 7, 1917 (October 25, Russian calendar), the October socialist revolution established the world’s first socialist state power-the Russian Soviet Federal Socialist Republic. On December 30, 1922, the Russian Federation, the Transcaucasian Federation, Ukraine and Belarus established the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (later expanded to 15 member republics). On June 12, 1990, the Supreme Soviet of the Russian Soviet Federal Socialist Republic issued the Declaration of State Sovereignty, declaring that the Russian Federation has "absolute sovereignty" within its territory. In August 1991, the "8.19" incident occurred in the Soviet Union. On September 6th, the State Council of the Soviet Union passed a resolution recognizing the independence of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania. On December 8, the leaders of the three republics of the Russian Federation, Belarus and Ukraine signed the Commonwealth of Independent States Agreement in Belovezh, announcing the formation of the Commonwealth of Independent States. On December 21st, 11 Soviet republics except the three countries of Bohai and Georgia signed the Almaty Declaration and the Protocol of Agreement of the Commonwealth of Independent States. On December 26th,The House of the Republic of supreme soviet of the ussr held its last meeting and declared that the Soviet Union ceased to exist. At this point, the Soviet Union disintegrated, and the Russian Federation became a completely independent country and the only successor country of the Soviet Union. On December 12, 1993, the first constitution of Russia after independence was adopted by referendum, which stipulated that the name of the country was "Russian Federation", which had the same meaning as "Russia".

　　[Politics] The domestic political situation in Russia remains stable. Promoting modernization has become one of the main lines of Russian social and political life. On March 26, 2000, after Putin was elected president of Russia, he made great efforts to stabilize the social and political situation, gradually established a vertical power system throughout the country, and at the same time reformed and consolidated the United Russia Party in many ways to make its strength grow day by day. At the end of 2003, the party won a great victory in the Russian Duma election, occupying 2/3 seats in the parliament. On March 14th, 2004, Putin was re-elected as president with 71.3% of the votes. After the Beslan hostage incident in 2004, Putin further strengthened the vertical power system with the president as the core by changing the method of producing local leaders and the State Duma. At the end of 2005, Russia passed the NGO Law, which strengthened the management and regulation of NGO activities. On December 2, 2007, the fifth Russian State Duma election was successfully held. United Russia Party, Russian communist party, Russian Liberal Democratic Party and Just Russia Party entered the Duma. On March 2, 2008, Medvedev was elected President of the Russian Federation, and was sworn in on May 7, then nominated Putin as Prime Minister. On May 8, the State Duma approved Putin’s nomination as prime minister, and Putin became prime minister that day. On December 4, 2011, the sixth Russian State Duma election was successfully held. United Russia Party, Russian communist party, Russian Liberal Democratic Party and Just Russia Party entered the Duma. On April 4, 2012, Russia’s new "Political Party Law" came into effect. The new "Political Party Law" simplifies the registration system of political parties,It is stipulated that from January 1st, 2013, Russian political parties with 500 party member members can apply for registration. On March 4, 2012, Putin was elected President of the Russian Federation, and on May 7, Putin was sworn in, and immediately nominated Medvedev as Prime Minister. On May 8, the State Duma approved Medvedev’s nomination as prime minister, and Medvedev became prime minister that day.

　　The Constitution was adopted by referendum on December 12, 1993 and came into effect on December 25 of the same year. This constitution is the first constitution after Russia’s independence, which stipulates that Russia is a democratic federal country with the rule of law and a presidential system of state leadership.

　　[Parliament] The Council of the Russian Federation (Parliament) consists of the Federal Council (upper house) and the State Duma (lower house). (1) At present, the Federal Council has a total of 166 deputies (parliamentarians), consisting of one representative from the power representative organ and one representative from the power executive organ of each federal entity. Its main functions are to approve federal laws, changes in the boundaries of federal entities, presidential orders on state of war and state of emergency, and to decide on overseas garrison, presidential election and impeachment, and the relationship between the central and local governments. Federal Council President valentina ivanovna matviyenko (female) (валентинаивановна) (2) The State Duma has a total of 450 deputies (members), who have been elected from all parties in accordance with the principle of proportional representation since the fifth State Duma in December 2007. It is stipulated that political parties with 7% of the votes can participate in the allocation of seats for members. In December 2011, the Law on the Election of Deputies to the State Duma was revised again, and the "threshold" for political parties to enter the State Duma has not changed, but it is stipulated that political parties with more than 5% but less than 6% of the votes can get one seat, and political parties with 6% to 7% of the votes can get two seats; The term of office of the representative was extended from 4 years to 5 years. Its main functions are to pass federal laws, declare amnesty, and agree to the appointment of the president’s head of government. The State Duma is the sixth session and was elected on December 4, 2011. There are four parliamentary groups, namely the United Russia Party (238 seats)., Russian communist party Party Group (92 seats), Just Russia Party Group (64 seats), Russian Liberal Democratic Party Group (56 seats). There are 30 committees. Sergey Yevgenyevich naryshkin (сергейевгенеьевичне), former Chief of Staff of the President’s Office.

　　[Government] The government of the Russian Federation is the highest executive organ of state power. On May 8, 2012, Putin signed a presidential decree and appointed Medvedev as the prime minister of the government. On May 21st, Medvedev’s proposal on government structure and personnel composition was approved by the President, and the new government consisted of the Prime Minister, a first deputy prime minister, six deputy prime ministers and 21 ministries. On May 8, 2013, Putin signed a presidential decree to dismiss Vladimir Yulyevich surkov, Deputy Prime Minister and Director of the General Office of the Government. On May 22nd, Putin signed a presidential decree on the nomination of Medvedev, and appointed Prikhodko, deputy director of the general office of the government, as deputy prime minister and director of the general office of the government. List of current government members: Prime Minister Dmitri Anatolyevich Medvedev (дмитрийанатол?евичм) The six deputy prime ministers are Olga Yulyev Golodets (female) (ольгаюрьевнаголоо).николаевичкозак), Deputy Prime Minister and Director of the General Office of the Government, Sergei Eduardo Prikhodko (ск Ministers are Mikhail Anatolyevich Abyzov (михаиланатолеевич), Minister of Liaison with Open Government. Viktor Ivanovich Ishayev (викторивановвичиша), Minister of Development of the Far East and Plenipotentiary Representative of the President in the Far East Federal District.Minister of Justice Alexander vladimirovich konovalov (александрвладимирое) Minister of Education and Science Dmitry Victorovici Livanov (дмитрийвиктоовичл) Minister of Culture Vladimir Rostislavovich Mezinski (владимиррростиславо) Minister of Communications and Mass Media Nikolai Anatolyevich Nichiforov (николайанатольевич)Vladimir andreyevich Puchkov, Minister of Civil Defence, Emergency Situations and Eliminating the Consequences of Natural Disasters (владиирандреевич) Minister of Health Veronica Igolevna SkoVolcova (female) (вероникаигоревнас) Minister of Labor and Social Security Maxim Anatolyevich Topilin (максиманатол?евичт)Defense Minister Sergei Kuzhugetovich Shoigu (сергейкуугетовичшойг)

　　[Administrative Division] The Russian Federation is now composed of 83 federal entities, including 21 republics, 9 border regions, 46 states, 2 federal municipalities, 1 autonomous prefecture and 4 ethnic autonomous regions.