【 Name 】 Russian Federation, also known as Russia (The Russian Federation,The Russia; РоссийскаяФедерация，Россия）。

　　[Area] 17,075,400 square kilometers

　　[Population] 143 million (as of January 1, 2013). There are 193 ethnic groups, of which 77.7% are Russians. The main ethnic minorities are Tatar, Ukraine, Bashkir, Chuvash, Chechnya, Armenia, awar, Moldova, Kazakhstan, Azerbaijan and Belarus. Russian is the official language throughout the territory of the Russian Federation, and each Republic has the right to stipulate its own national language, which is used together with Russian in the territory of the Republic. The main religion is Orthodox Church, followed by Islam. According to the survey results of the All-Russian Public Opinion Research Center, 50-53% of Russian people believe in Orthodox Church, 10% in Islam, 1% in Catholicism and 1% in Judaism, and 0.8% in Buddhism.

　　[Capital] Moscow (москва). According to the expansion plan implemented on July 1, 2012, the area is 2510 square kilometers. The resident population is 11.54 million (according to the data of the Russian Federal Statistical Office in 2012). Average temperature: January-8℃, July 21℃.

　　[Head of State] Vladimir vladimirovich Putin, President of the Russian Federation (владимирвладими?о) He was elected on March 4, 2012 and sworn in on May 7.

　　[Important Festival] Gregorian New Year: January 1st; Orthodox Christmas: January 7; Russian New Year: January 13th; Defender’s Day of the Motherland (former Soviet Army Day): February 23rd; International Women’s Day: March 8; Spring and Labor Day (former Soviet Union Workers’ Solidarity Day): May 1st; Victory Day of the Great Patriotic War: May 9; The adoption date of the declaration of national sovereignty (National Day) is June 12th; People’s Solidarity Day (established in 2004 to commemorate Moscow’s defeat of Polish invaders): November 4th.

　　[Brief Introduction] Russia spans Eurasia, with the longest length of 9,000 kilometers from east to west and the widest width of 4,000 kilometers from north to south. Neighboring countries have Norway and Finland in the northwest, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland and Belarus in the west, Ukraine in the southwest, Georgia, Azerbaijan and Kazakhstan in the south and China, Mongolia and North Korea in the southeast. It faces Japan and the United States across the sea to the east. The coastline is 33,807 kilometers long. Most areas are located in the north temperate zone, with continental climate as the main climate, and the temperature difference is generally large. The average temperature in January is-5 ~-40℃, and the average temperature in July is 11 ~ 27℃. The average annual precipitation is 150 ~ 1000mm.

　　From the end of 15th century to the beginning of 16th century, a multi-ethnic feudal country was gradually formed with the Grand Duchy of Moscow as the center. In 1547, Ivan IV changed the title of Grand Duke to Tsar. In 1721, Peter I (Peter the Great) changed the country name to the Russian Empire. Slavery was abolished in 1861. In February 1917, the bourgeois revolution overthrew the autocratic system. On November 7, 1917 (October 25, Russian calendar), the October socialist revolution established the world’s first socialist state power-the Russian Soviet Federal Socialist Republic. On December 30, 1922, the Russian Federation, the Transcaucasian Federation, Ukraine and Belarus established the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (later expanded to 15 member republics). On June 12, 1990, the Supreme Soviet of the Russian Soviet Federal Socialist Republic issued the Declaration of State Sovereignty, declaring that the Russian Federation has "absolute sovereignty" within its territory. In August 1991, the "8.19" incident occurred in the Soviet Union. On September 6th, the State Council of the Soviet Union passed a resolution recognizing the independence of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania. On December 8, the leaders of the three republics of the Russian Federation, Belarus and Ukraine signed the Commonwealth of Independent States Agreement in Belovezh, announcing the formation of the Commonwealth of Independent States. On December 21st, 11 Soviet republics except the three countries of Bohai and Georgia signed the Almaty Declaration and the Protocol of Agreement of the Commonwealth of Independent States. On December 26th,The House of the Republic of supreme soviet of the ussr held its last meeting and declared that the Soviet Union ceased to exist. At this point, the Soviet Union disintegrated, and the Russian Federation became a completely independent country and the only successor country of the Soviet Union. On December 12, 1993, the first constitution of Russia after independence was adopted by referendum, which stipulated that the name of the country was "Russian Federation", which had the same meaning as "Russia".

　　[Politics] The domestic political situation in Russia remains stable. Promoting modernization has become one of the main lines of Russian social and political life. On March 26, 2000, after Putin was elected president of Russia, he made great efforts to stabilize the social and political situation, gradually established a vertical power system throughout the country, and at the same time reformed and consolidated the United Russia Party in many ways to make its strength grow day by day. At the end of 2003, the party won a great victory in the Russian Duma election, occupying 2/3 seats in the parliament. On March 14th, 2004, Putin was re-elected as president with 71.3% of the votes. After the Beslan hostage incident in 2004, Putin further strengthened the vertical power system with the president as the core by changing the method of producing local leaders and the State Duma. At the end of 2005, Russia passed the NGO Law, which strengthened the management and regulation of NGO activities. On December 2, 2007, the fifth Russian State Duma election was successfully held. United Russia Party, Russian communist party, Russian Liberal Democratic Party and Just Russia Party entered the Duma. On March 2, 2008, Medvedev was elected President of the Russian Federation, and was sworn in on May 7, then nominated Putin as Prime Minister. On May 8, the State Duma approved Putin’s nomination as prime minister, and Putin became prime minister that day. On December 4, 2011, the sixth Russian State Duma election was successfully held. United Russia Party, Russian communist party, Russian Liberal Democratic Party and Just Russia Party entered the Duma. On April 4, 2012, Russia’s new "Political Party Law" came into effect. The new "Political Party Law" simplifies the registration system of political parties,It is stipulated that from January 1st, 2013, Russian political parties with 500 party member members can apply for registration. On March 4, 2012, Putin was elected President of the Russian Federation, and on May 7, Putin was sworn in, and immediately nominated Medvedev as Prime Minister. On May 8, the State Duma approved Medvedev’s nomination as prime minister, and Medvedev became prime minister that day.

　　The Constitution was adopted by referendum on December 12, 1993 and came into effect on December 25 of the same year. This constitution is the first constitution after Russia’s independence, which stipulates that Russia is a democratic federal country with the rule of law and a presidential system of state leadership.

　　[Parliament] The Council of the Russian Federation (Parliament) consists of the Federal Council (upper house) and the State Duma (lower house). (1) At present, the Federal Council has a total of 166 deputies (parliamentarians), consisting of one representative from the power representative organ and one representative from the power executive organ of each federal entity. Its main functions are to approve federal laws, changes in the boundaries of federal entities, presidential orders on state of war and state of emergency, and to decide on overseas garrison, presidential election and impeachment, and the relationship between the central and local governments. Federal Council President valentina ivanovna matviyenko (female) (валентинаивановна) (2) The State Duma has a total of 450 deputies (members), who have been elected from all parties in accordance with the principle of proportional representation since the fifth State Duma in December 2007. It is stipulated that political parties with 7% of the votes can participate in the allocation of seats for members. In December 2011, the Law on the Election of Deputies to the State Duma was revised again, and the "threshold" for political parties to enter the State Duma has not changed, but it is stipulated that political parties with more than 5% but less than 6% of the votes can get one seat, and political parties with 6% to 7% of the votes can get two seats; The term of office of the representative was extended from 4 years to 5 years. Its main functions are to pass federal laws, declare amnesty, and agree to the appointment of the president’s head of government. The State Duma is the sixth session and was elected on December 4, 2011. There are four parliamentary groups, namely the United Russia Party (238 seats)., Russian communist party Party Group (92 seats), Just Russia Party Group (64 seats), Russian Liberal Democratic Party Group (56 seats). There are 30 committees. Sergey Yevgenyevich naryshkin (сергейевгенеьевичне), former Chief of Staff of the President’s Office.

　　[Government] The government of the Russian Federation is the highest executive organ of state power. On May 8, 2012, Putin signed a presidential decree and appointed Medvedev as the prime minister of the government. On May 21st, Medvedev’s proposal on government structure and personnel composition was approved by the President, and the new government consisted of the Prime Minister, a first deputy prime minister, six deputy prime ministers and 21 ministries. On May 8, 2013, Putin signed a presidential decree to dismiss Vladimir Yulyevich surkov, Deputy Prime Minister and Director of the General Office of the Government. On May 22nd, Putin signed a presidential decree on the nomination of Medvedev, and appointed Prikhodko, deputy director of the general office of the government, as deputy prime minister and director of the general office of the government. List of current government members: Prime Minister Dmitri Anatolyevich Medvedev (дмитрийанатол?евичм) The six deputy prime ministers are Olga Yulyev Golodets (female) (ольгаюрьевнаголоо).николаевичкозак), Deputy Prime Minister and Director of the General Office of the Government, Sergei Eduardo Prikhodko (ск Ministers are Mikhail Anatolyevich Abyzov (михаиланатолеевич), Minister of Liaison with Open Government. Viktor Ivanovich Ishayev (викторивановвичиша), Minister of Development of the Far East and Plenipotentiary Representative of the President in the Far East Federal District.Minister of Justice Alexander vladimirovich konovalov (александрвладимирое) Minister of Education and Science Dmitry Victorovici Livanov (дмитрийвиктоовичл) Minister of Culture Vladimir Rostislavovich Mezinski (владимиррростиславо) Minister of Communications and Mass Media Nikolai Anatolyevich Nichiforov (николайанатольевич)Vladimir andreyevich Puchkov, Minister of Civil Defence, Emergency Situations and Eliminating the Consequences of Natural Disasters (владиирандреевич) Minister of Health Veronica Igolevna SkoVolcova (female) (вероникаигоревнас) Minister of Labor and Social Security Maxim Anatolyevich Topilin (максиманатол?евичт)Defense Minister Sergei Kuzhugetovich Shoigu (сергейкуугетовичшойг)

　　[Administrative Division] The Russian Federation is now composed of 83 federal entities, including 21 republics, 9 border regions, 46 states, 2 federal municipalities, 1 autonomous prefecture and 4 ethnic autonomous regions.

　　The United States seeks hegemony, maintains hegemony, and abuses hegemony, which is deeply harmful

　　Demystifying the Hypocrisy of "Security Guard"

　　中央纪委国家监委网站 柴雅欣 薛鹏

　　5月4日，国家计算机病毒应急处理中心和360公司联合发布了一份调查报告，揭秘美国中央情报局（CIA）利用网络攻击他国的相关情况，披露部分发生在中国和其他国家的网络安全典型案事件的具体过程，全面深入分析CIA的网络攻击窃密和相关现实危害活动，以及其对美国成为“黑客帝国”所做的贡献。

　　报告披露的大量发生在中国和其他国家的真实案例，是CIA在全球长期发动网络攻击行为、破坏全球网络安全的又一实例。以所谓“网络安全”为由头大搞“小圈子”，制造分裂和对抗；以所谓“公共安全”为借口大肆监听，侵犯隐私权；以所谓“技术安全”为幌子实施技术封锁，损害发展权……美国霸权之手伸向方方面面，自诩为“安全卫士”的美国已经给全球安全和发展造成系统性危害。

　　在全球制造混乱动荡，CIA用5种手段在超50国策划“颜色革命”

　　该份报告开宗明义指出，长期以来，CIA在世界各地秘密实施“和平演变”和“颜色革命”，持续进行间谍窃密活动。

　　“颜色革命”是美国实现地缘政治和经济目标的惯用手段，它以推动反西方政权更迭为目标，通过不断煽风点火，加剧政府与民众对抗，最终颠覆政权，将目标国纳入美国主导的全球政治经济秩序和安全秩序。

　　从20世纪80年代国际社会主义阵营遭受冲击、90年代初苏东剧变到2003年格鲁吉亚“玫瑰革命”，从2004年乌克兰“橙色革命”到2005年吉尔吉斯斯坦“郁金香革命”，从2011年西亚北非国家“阿拉伯之春”到2014年乌克兰“二次颜色革命”等，都被国际机构和世界各地学者认定为由美国主导的“颜色革命”典型案例。据统计，数十年来，CIA至少推翻或试图推翻超过50个他国合法政府（而CIA只承认其中的7起），在相关国家引发动乱。

　　“长期以来，美国打着‘民主、自由、人权’的幌子，在世界各地扶持亲美势力，煽动‘颜色革命’，制造分裂对抗，导致一些国家政权更迭，陷入政治动荡、经济凋敝、民生困苦的泥淖。美国的所作所为，严重危害世界和平、稳定与发展。”复旦大学中国研究院院长张维为撰文指出。

　　进入二十一世纪以来，互联网的快速发展给CIA的渗透颠覆和捣乱破坏活动提供了新的机遇，全球各地使用美国互联网设备和软件产品的机构和个人成为CIA的傀儡“特工”，帮助该机构迅速成为网络谍报战中的耀眼“明星”。

　　该份报告披露CIA在全球各地策划组织实施大量“颜色革命”事件的主要技术手段，其中包括一款被称为“蜂拥”的非传统政权更迭技术，用于推动通过互联网联接的年轻人加入“打一枪换一个地方”的流动性抗议活动。

　　“CIA利用网络技术，在各国网络空间中散布虚假信息，操纵‘阿拉伯之春’等‘颜色革命’，颠覆多国政权，给各国带来严重经济损失和社会动荡。”中国现代国际关系研究院科技与网络安全研究所助理研究员周宁南举例，如以突尼斯自焚事件引起的“阿拉伯之春”运动，导致100多万人死亡，对基础设施造成近1万亿美元损失，1500多万人沦为难民。在此前被认为是“阿拉伯之春”所谓成功典范的突尼斯，该国GDP自2010年以来一直停滞不前，人均GDP甚至从每年4000美元下降到3600美元。

　　中国境内多起典型网络攻击事件均提取到与CIA紧密关联的木马程序、功能插件和攻击平台样本

　　“在现已发现的专门针对中国境内目标实施的网络攻击行动中，我们成功提取了多个‘Vault7’（穹顶7）网络攻击武器样本，多个东南亚国家和欧洲的合作伙伴也提取到了几乎完全相同的样本。”报告指出。

　　2020年，360公司独立发现一个从未被外界曝光的网络攻击组织，该组织使用与CIA相关联的网络武器工具，针对中国和其他国家受害目标实施网络攻击，攻击活动最早可以追溯到2011年，相关攻击一直延续至今。被攻击目标涉及各国重要信息基础设施、航空航天、科研机构、石油石化、大型互联网公司以及政府机构等诸多方面。

　　报告显示，在针对中国境内多起典型网络攻击事件的调查过程中，联合调查组从受害单位信息网络中捕获并成功提取了一大批与CIA紧密关联的木马程序、功能插件和攻击平台样本。

　　近年来，美国对中国进行了大规模、长时间、系统性网络攻击，严重危害中国关键基础设施安全、海量个人数据安全以及商业和技术秘密。比如，2022年6月，西北工业大学发布声明称遭到网络攻击。后经调查发现，美方先后使用41种专用网络攻击武器装备，对西北工业大学发起攻击窃密行动上千次，窃取了一批核心技术数据。调查还发现，美国国家安全局（NSA）下属TAO对中国国内的网络目标实施了上万次的恶意网络攻击，控制了数以万计的网络设备（网络服务器、上网终端、网络交换机、电话交换机、路由器、防火墙等），窃取了超过140GB的高价值数据。

　　在周宁南看来，美国技术霸权加剧全球网络安全困境。美国几乎可以对全球网络设备进行网络攻击、网络渗透，CIA的网络武器“穹顶7”已在中国、欧洲、东南亚等国部署，发动无差别的网络攻击，损害各国主权，并24小时监控各国受害者，侵犯各国公民隐私等人权。美国对网络攻击武器的管理不负责任，CIA、NSA网络武器在网络上扩散，是勒索攻击等全球网络安全威胁的始作俑者。

　　“美国严重扰乱全球网络安全秩序，对全球各国进行不受约束的网络攻击，破坏了各国近20年来在联合国信息安全政府专家组、开放式工作组等机制下制定的网络空间负责任国家行为规范等网络空间秩序。为了加强自身的网络攻击能力，美国在国内纵容、窝藏网络攻击武器产业，造成全球网络监控产业泛滥成灾，难以治理。”周宁南说。

　　美国霸权延伸至科技领域，扰乱全球产业链供应链稳定，损害全球利益

　　美国在网络安全的双重标准与霸权行径有目共睹，近年来更是将霸权主义延伸至科技领域，以无端指责、“长臂管辖”、打压制裁、技术封锁等卑劣手段，将自身利益凌驾于他国利益之上，威胁全球经济安全。

　　据外媒消息，美国总统拜登预计在未来几周内签署一个行政令，来限制美国企业对华关键经济领域的投资，包括半导体、人工智能、量子计算等。

　　事实上，在半导体等关键经济领域，美国以“竞争”之名行“遏制公平竞争”之实，打压其他国家已非“初试牛刀”。以半导体产业为例，20世纪80年代，美国为打击日本半导体产业发展，采取包括启动“301”调查、通过多边协议为双边谈判制造筹码、威胁将日本列为不公平贸易国、加征报复性关税等手段，逼迫日本签订《美日半导体协定》，导致日本半导体企业几乎完全退出全球竞争，市场份额由50%跌至10%。同时，在美国政府扶持下，大量美国半导体企业趁机抢占市场。

　　Today, the United States is "doing the same", continuing to politicize, instrumentalize, and weaponize economic, trade, and scientific and technological issues, creating "small courtyards and high walls," forcibly "decoupling and breaking chains," at the expense of friends and self-enrichment, and conducting economic coercion on allies.

　　The United States has concocted various excuses to pursue and suppress Chinese high-tech companies with international competitiveness. At present, more than 1,000 Chinese companies have been included in various sanctions lists. The United States has also implemented controls on high-end technologies such as biotechnology and artificial intelligence, strengthened export controls, and strictly reviewed investment. The United States has even used national power to suppress and sanction Chinese Huawei, restricting Huawei products from entering the US market, cutting off the supply of chips and operating systems, and coercing other countries around the world to ban Huawei from participating in local 5G network construction.

　　Last year, the US Chip and Science Act was signed into law, which set up differentiated industrial support policies such as huge subsidies for the US chip industry, and some provisions restricted the normal economic and trade activities and investment activities of relevant enterprises in China, presenting a strong geopolitical color. This is another example of the US engaging in economic coercion.

　　"Since the globalization process of the semiconductor industry has reached an irreversible level, if we try to forcibly change this situation, it will only tear apart and fragment the global semiconductor market, and the semiconductor industry will be plunged into deep uncertainty. Measures such as US export controls are undermining the security of the global semiconductor supply chain." Wei Shaojun, chairperson of the IC Design Branch of the China Semiconductor Industry Association and executive vice-chairperson of the China Integrated Circuit Innovation Alliance, wrote in an article that the reason why the global semiconductor industry has today’s brilliance is global cooperation. The beggar-thy-neighbour approach of the United States will eventually harm itself.

　　"The real purpose of the US side is to deprive China of its right to development and safeguard its own hegemonic self-interest. It is naked economic coercion and technological bullying. It seriously violates the principles of market economy and fair competition, seriously undermines the international economic and trade order, seriously disrupts the stability of the global industrial chain and supply chain, and harms the interests of the whole world," said Wang Wenbin, a spokesperson for the Foreign Ministry.

　　The United States’ pursuit of hegemony, maintenance of hegemony, and abuse of hegemony are deeply harmful, and the historical trend of peace, development, cooperation, and win-win results cannot be stopped

　　A few days ago, at the regular spring meeting of the WTO Committee on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures, Chinese delegates criticized the discriminatory subsidy policies and measures of the United States and called on the WTO to effectively monitor such subsidy measures. Representatives of Russia, Morocco and other countries also expressed serious concerns at the meeting about the US practice of imposing countervailing duties on imported goods.

　　The United States was once one of the main founders of today’s international economic order and multilateral trading system, but today, the self-centered United States continues to transform the internationally recognized world trade order into a power-based world trade order, causing chaos to the entire world.

　　"Friendly shoring" refers to the gradual concentration of international division of labor and trade objects in developed economies such as the United States on partners with similar values and political and economic systems. A recent report by the international monetary fund mentioned that the rise of "friendly shoring" may cause the greatest harm to less developed markets.

　　Robert Kagan, a senior fellow at the Brookings Institution, says the rise of populism, tribalism and self-interest in the US in recent years is accelerating the world’s descent into a "jungle" where the law of the jungle preys on the jungle.

　　Zhou Ningnan told reporters that the global industrial chain has undergone decades of evolution and has its own development laws. The United States has used its hegemony to maintain its technological monopoly advantage and the industry has the voice over it, and has brought the "law of the jungle" into the fields of network, science and technology, which has hindered the transformation and upgrading of developing countries, which has exacerbated the imbalance of the world economy and dragged down the growth of the world economy.

　　There is more help than there is help. Political hegemony, military hegemony, economic hegemony, scientific and technological hegemony, cyber hegemony, cultural hegemony… The United States’ pursuit of hegemony, maintenance of hegemony, and abuse of hegemony are deeply harmful. The historical trend of peace, development, cooperation, and win-win is irresistible. Hegemonic acts such as unilateralism, selfishness, and retrogression will surely encounter increasingly strong criticism and opposition from the international community.

At the routine briefing on the State Council policy held on 17th, Jin Xiaotao, deputy director of the National Health and Family Planning Commission, revealed that China will take the protection of all people’s health as the starting point, and explore new service modes and cultivate new formats through "internet plus Health Care". By 2020, we will establish a national open application platform for medical and health information, basically establish a development model of health care big data application adapted to national conditions, and initially form a health care big data industry system.

Health care big data covers the whole life cycle of people, including personal health, medical services, disease prevention and control, health protection and food safety, health care and other aspects of data convergence and aggregation, and is an important basic strategic resource of the country.

Jin Xiaotao introduced that the the State Council executive meeting reviewed and approved the Guiding Opinions on Promoting and Standardizing the Development of Big Data Application in Health Care, and deployed 14 tasks, including building a unified, authoritative and interconnected population health information platform, integrating medical big data resources, developing smart health care services for the benefit of the people, and formulating and improving laws, regulations and standards, from four aspects: consolidating the application foundation, comprehensively deepening the application, standardizing and promoting the "internet plus Health Care" service, and strengthening the construction of the security system.

The development of health care big data will not only accelerate the development and promotion of intelligent health care equipment, promote the release of production capacity in medicine, finance, logistics, pension, insurance, education and fitness, accelerate the upgrading of health industry, but also bring benefits to the people.

Jin Xiaotao said that the benefits brought to the people are mainly reflected in three aspects: First, continuously enhance the "independent health" service experience, let health data "run more roads" and let the people "run less errands", and bring more convenient application services to the people in Internet health consultation, appointment registration, inter-clinic settlement, medical insurance network settlement, mobile payment, etc. Second, with the deep integration and application of big data technology and health care services, it can make superior resources "go down", better promote the landing of graded diagnosis and treatment, accelerate the popularization of telemedicine, and promote the development of precision medicine; The third is to promote integrated health services covering prevention, treatment, rehabilitation and health management throughout the life cycle through the application of big data analysis. (Reporter Zuo Ya)

Our wallets will eventually shrink more and more, regardless of whether the salary rises or not. Today, when roadside stalls are all paid by scanning code, fewer and fewer people will go out with a lot of cash.

The trend of cashless society is spreading all over the world. Recently, consulting firm Capgemini and BNP Paribas jointly released the World Payments Report 2018, which counts the cashless transactions in many countries around the world.

According to the report, in the reporting period (2016), the country with the largest number of cashless transactions was the United States, ranking first with 148.5 billion transactions, the euro zone ranked second with 74.5 billion transactions, and China, with the most developed mobile payment, ranked third with 48 billion transactions.

Although the number of cashless transactions in China is less than one third of that in the United States, the growth rate of the share of cashless transactions ranks second in the world. The report predicts that by 2021, the total amount of cashless payment transactions in China will surpass that in the United States and become the first in the world.

In terms of per capita times, Sweden has become the country with the largest number of per capita non-cash payments with 461.5 per capita electronic transactions. Sweden was the first country to print paper money, but it may also be the first country to eliminate cash. There is another interesting true story about the cashless society in Sweden:

A man broke into a bank. "robbery! I want cash! The bank clerk gave him a cold look, pointed to a sign on the wall saying "no cash place" and told him that the bank had no cash and his demands could not be met. The robber was puzzled. Before leaving, he asked the staff, "Where else can I go? 」

The report pointed out that the rapid growth of cashless payment in China benefited from the large popularity of mobile payment. A report by Better Than Cash Alliance, a subsidiary of the United Nations, pointed out that the market size of social network payment (Alipay and WeChat) in China reached 2.9 trillion US dollars in 2016, which increased 20 times in the past four years. At present, Alipay and WeChat payment have occupied more than 90% of the mobile payment market in China.

In recent years, people in China have also strongly felt the convenience brought by mobile payment. From eating, shopping, watching movies, buying food in the vegetable market to taking the bus and subway, you can basically use mobile payment to solve all the consumption scenarios you can think of.

Capgemini predicts that the global digital transaction volume will increase from $598 billion to $876 billion between 2018 and 2021. In Asia, led by China, digital payment will lead the world with a compound growth rate of 29% in the next four years, while the growth rates in North America and Europe are much slower, both less than 10%.

In fact, in terms of the scale of mobile payment, China is already the first in the world. According to the data of Forrester Research, in 2016, the mobile payment market in China reached 9 trillion US dollars, the mobile payment market in the United States reached 112 billion US dollars, and the mobile payment market in China was nearly 90 times that in the United States. In 2017, the scale of mobile payment transactions in China has exceeded 200 trillion yuan, ranking first in the world.

But why in Capgemini’s report, the United States is the largest country without cash payment. This is related to the statistical method of the report. In addition to mobile payment, the "no cash" in the report also includes cheque, debit card, credit card payment, credit transfer and direct debit transactions.

It is not difficult to explain why the United States, where mobile payment is underdeveloped, still has the largest cashless transaction volume in the world. The United States has a mature credit card system, and credit cards have become the most mainstream payment method for the American people, with 40% of the total global credit cards coming from the United States.

However, the high maturity of the credit card system has greatly inhibited the development of mobile payment in the United States. A large number of concessions are tied to credit cards, and the American people have no incentive to loosen their credit cards at all.

The development of mobile payment in China far exceeds that in Europe and America. A deeper reason is that China consumers have not formed the habit of credit card consumption, and it is easier to accept mobile payment. According to a report by Goldman Sachs, China people have an average of 3.6 debit cards, but only one third of them have credit cards, which forms two extremes with the United States.

In addition, Apple CEO Tim Cook also talked about China Mobile Payment in an exclusive interview with Ai Faner some time ago. He put forward a novel point of view:

China has not experienced the so-called desktop Internet stage, but embraced the mobile Internet directly, so consumers in China do not have the burdens of the desktop Internet era in their minds, which explains to some extent why the mobile payment share in China is so high.

If the lack of credit card consumption habits is the core reason for the rapid development of mobile payment in China, then the popularity of smart phones and 4G networks has cleared the last obstacle and reconstructed the whole offline consumption scene with the help of QR codes.

A colleague of Ai Faner once encountered a strange thing when she was shopping. When she took out a hundred-dollar bill to pay the bill, the cashier froze for a few seconds because no one had paid in cash for too long.

When was the last time you spent money in cash?

The title map comes from:

Our reporter Liu Jinmeng photo

　　editorial comment/note

　　Since the emergence of "professional counterfeiters", this group has been controversial. It is undeniable that "professional counterfeiters" have played a positive role in promoting market purification and establishing consumers’ awareness of rights protection. However, when some of them are no longer aiming at solving consumer disputes, but demanding high compensation, or even falsifying evidence to extort money from businesses and using malicious complaints to report for their own profit, "counterfeiting" has changed its flavor.

　　"Counterfeiting" has become a "fake fight", which obviously deviates from the original intention of legislation and the original intention of protecting consumers. On the contrary, the real problem of consumer rights protection cannot be solved. In just three months, it involved cracking down on "malicious reporting of illegal profit-making behavior" and "taking ‘ Counterfeiting ’ The central document of the name of extortion was issued twice. At the legislative level, all localities have also strengthened the revision of relevant legal provisions and resolutely said no to extortion under the banner of "safeguarding rights."

　　Li Hua (pseudonym), the owner of a silk scarf dealer in Changchun, wanted to compromise and spend money when he was asked for compensation by a "professional counterfeiter" with a silk scarf material appraisal report. However, not long ago, he approached the Changchun Consumers Association for consultation, only to realize that he could first compare the report issued by the claimant with the quality inspection report of the goods themselves.

　　It was discovered by this comparison that the silk scarves inspected by the claimant were simply "crowned with pride" and the goods were completely different. Li Hua immediately reported the case and lamented that he "successfully escaped a robbery."

　　Recently, a survey by the Workers Daily reporter found that some people are actually making "professional claims" for illegal profits in the name of "professional counterfeiting". Its purpose is not to crack down on counterfeiting and protect consumer rights, but to demand high compensation, create a large number of malicious reports, and repeatedly extort money from businesses.

　　Change the bag, blackmail and pester the lawsuit, and "fake" becomes "fake"

　　Zhong Ping, secretary-general of Changchun Consumers Association, still remembers that more than ten years ago, a gentle and articulate complainant came to Changchun Consumers Association, reflecting that the food he bought in a supermarket violated the regulations and was labeled as health care function, and wanted to claim compensation.

　　After exchanging professional knowledge with him, the complainant said, "I have traveled a lot in Northeast China, as far as you know", and Zhong Ping realized that she had met a "professional counterfeiter". At that time, Zhong Ping was deeply impressed by this gentle and professional complainant with reasonable demands.

　　"At that time, I quite agree with the emergence of these people. Because they are very professional, their behavior can play a positive role in purifying the market, and the other is to urge our relevant staff to improve their business ability and quality. " Zhong Ping said.

　　"On our complaint platform, many people directly say that they are professional counterfeiters, and the scope of complaints is getting wider and wider." Zhong Ping said, "At first, most of them were aimed at food. Later, communication services, clothes, furniture and other commodities became the targets of counterfeiting, and many of them claimed for details such as product descriptions and advertising words."

　　After handling many cases, Zhong Ping gradually discovered that many "professional counterfeiters" have turned "counterfeiting" into fraud.

　　"Some people report maliciously, not for the purpose of purifying the market, but for asking merchants to take money privately, implement threats, false evaluations or even blackmail, falsify evidence and make illegal profits." Zhong Ping told reporters that she had been complained to the higher authorities by a very strong "professional counterfeiter". Once such cases were not handled as expected, they would repeatedly complain and importune.

　　The shopkeeper engaged in cross-border e-commerce in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province was threatened to report by a mother and son from Shanghai on the grounds of defective product labels, and had to "pay tribute" to 600 yuan’s goods every month for two consecutive years, until they were sentenced for extortion; A Taobao shop owner was targeted by "professional counterfeiters" for using exaggerated slogans and had to pay 2,000 yuan for recognition; The QQ group claiming for counterfeiting claims that it only needs 30 yuan to "learn from the teacher" to obtain the "claim tips" … …

　　According to the recent symposium on professional claim behavior, which was jointly attended by the market supervision department, China Consumers Association and enterprise representatives, in recent years, the number of malicious complaints and reports of "professional claim" initiated in the name of "counterfeiting" and "safeguarding rights" has exceeded 1 million every year.

　　In the court’s judgment, professional counterfeiters win or lose differently.

　　The reporter used "professional counterfeiting" as the key word in China’s refereeing documents online, and retrieved 1,382 refereeing documents this year, which was significantly lower than 3,348 last year. In many documents with a relatively recent date, the counterfeiters won or lost in court judgments, and most of them were sentenced to return the goods because of the real problems of the goods, and the multiple compensation claims were not supported.

　　In July 2018, the post-90s "professional counterfeiter" Han bought 12 bottles of imported brand red wine in a wholesale supermarket in Qingdao twice, paid 20,160 yuan for the wine, and filmed the whole purchase process. Subsequently, Han sued the supermarket to the court of the jurisdiction on the grounds that the imported red wine labels sold by the supermarket did not meet the national standards, requesting an order to return the purchase price and paying 10 times compensation of 201,600 yuan.

　　During the trial, the four effective judgments submitted by the defendant supermarket showed that Han had sued several different defendants at the same time in the Xiangzhou District People’s Court of Zhuhai City, Guangdong Province, and all of them demanded the defendants to refund the purchase price and pay 10 times the compensation on the grounds that the purchased products did not have Chinese labels. At the same time, the forms of evidence submitted by Han in several cases are basically the same. According to statistics, there are more than 50 cases in this batch, involving more than 4 million yuan.

　　The court of first instance ruled that the supermarket returned the payment of 20,160 yuan to Han, but did not support his claim of 10 times. Han refused to accept it and appealed to the Qingdao Intermediate People’s Court. The final judgment of Qingdao Intermediate People’s Court was changed: the supermarket returned the payment of 20,160 yuan to Han, and paid him compensation of 201,600 yuan, and Han returned the red wine.

　　"Professional counterfeiters" are not so lucky.

　　Xingmou has successively purchased 75 electric vehicles with a certain brand exceeding the standard, and commissioned the research institute to conduct testing. The results show that many items of electric vehicles are unqualified. Since 2017, Xing has gone through 17 court sessions, rulings and judgments, sued the court for a return and was punished with "one loses three". The Court of Final Appeal held that Xing, as a professional counterfeiter, did not buy or use goods or receive services for his daily needs, and was not a consumer as stipulated by law, so he did not support his claim of triple compensation.

　　Defining the red line is the key between legality and illegality.

　　"It’s a cold winter in the spring … … I suggest that all colleagues who fight counterfeiting must follow the principles of legitimacy, necessity, rationality and legality. " In April this year, "anti-counterfeiting fighter" Wang Hai said at the fifth "315 Anti-counterfeiting Forum" held in Beijing.

　　Wang Yuqi, a lawyer of Guangdong Guanghe (Changchun) Law Firm, told the reporter that from the actual case, there is only a thin line between the legality and illegality of professional counterfeiting, and the attitude of judicial practice is becoming more and more cautious.

　　The reporter of Workers Daily found that in recent days, many courts have issued judgments against "professional claimants" under the banner of "defending rights" and "counterfeiting", which are actually extortion.

　　For example, a 90-year-old man in Longyan, Fujian used the absolute term "extreme words" defined by the advertising law to make malicious complaints and extortion against online shop sellers, and was sentenced to 1 year and 8 months in prison by the court and fined 15,000 yuan; Shanghai Changning District Court sentenced Wang, a "professional claimant", to three years and three months in prison and fined him … … According to media reports, not long ago, four provinces and cities, including Henan and Xiamen, listed "professional counterfeiting" for extortion and illegal profits as "eliminating evils".

　　"The urgent task is to explore effective methods on the basis of summarizing the characteristics and problems of professional claims, and clearly define the red line between legal claims for professional counterfeiting and extortion. Reasonable and legal professional counterfeiting should be supported, but extortion must be punished. " Wang Yuqi said.

　　"Judging from the complaints this year, professional anti-counterfeiting behavior has been significantly reduced." Zhong Ping suggested that while opposing and severely punishing illegal counterfeiting, relevant departments should also formulate attractive reward mechanisms for legitimate "professional counterfeiters", guide them to exercise their anti-counterfeiting rights in the right way, play their positive role, and unblock the combination. Only in this way can the root cause be cured.

　　Some netizens also said that professional anti-counterfeiting was born to meet the market demand, and it was the market that finally exercised the right of elimination. Enterprises don’t sell fakes, product quality passes, and business integrity, counterfeiters will gradually disappear.

　　In the name of "counterfeiting", the act of making profits through malicious complaints will be restricted from next month. On January 1, 2020, the Interim Measures for Handling Complaints and Reports of Market Supervision and Management (hereinafter referred to as the Interim Measures) newly issued by the State Administration of Market Supervision will be officially implemented, which clearly stipulates that the complaints initiated by "not buying or using goods or receiving services for the needs of daily consumption, or not proving that there is a dispute between consumers and the respondent" will not be accepted by the market supervision and management department.

　　Professional claimant

　　Extortion in the name of counterfeiting

　　In recent years, a considerable number of professional claimants have appeared. They take advantage of the loopholes in the shelf life of goods and the description of advertising language, deliberately buy in large quantities, demand compensation from merchants, and even become professional claimants. These professional counterfeiters are usually parasitic on major e-commerce platforms, extorting money from merchants in the name of counterfeiting, using punitive damages for their own profit or taking the opportunity to extort money from merchants, and some behaviors seriously violate the principle of good faith, ignore judicial authority and waste judicial resources.

　　According to a survey conducted by the Shanghai Industrial and Commercial Department in 2016, among the occupational claims received by the 12315 Center in the first half of that year, only 20 cases really constituted consumer fraud after investigation, and the remaining 99.83% of the enterprises claimed had no substantial consumer fraud.

　　"Legal Daily" once reported that some counterfeiters used cotton cloth dipped in special medicine to erase the production date of goods, or used needles to stick holes in bread to claim compensation from merchants.

　　"Professional Chihuo"

　　If you receive a refund, you will be sued by Taobao.

　　The so-called "professional foodie" (only refund and no return) is a nickname for a professional claimant who has changed his technique on the Internet. Zhou, a Taobao buyer, registered a Taobao account with his identity information last year and began to place orders crazily, with 633 transactions a month.

　　Among them, from June 7 to June 16, 2018, 289 orders were placed, 281 refunds were applied for that month, 277 refunds were successful, and the actual refund amount was 3,854.54 yuan; During the period from July 1 to July 5, 2018, 344 orders were placed, 343 refunds were applied for that month, 335 refunds were successful, and the actual refund amount was 18,842.53 yuan. In the past month or so, Zhou has placed a total of 633 orders, only 624 applications were refunded, and 612 refunds were successful, amounting to more than 32,000 yuan. After receiving the goods, Zhou applied for 624 refunds but refused to return them.

　　On December 19, 2018, Taobao sued Zhou to Hangzhou Internet Court, demanding that the court order the defendant to compensate Taobao for its economic losses and reasonable expenses (legal fees) of 10,000 yuan.

　　Taobao believes that Zhou’s malicious refund behavior is an abuse of membership rights and a serious violation of the service agreement, which has caused a serious negative impact on Taobao’s economy and goodwill and should compensate for the losses.

　　After trial, Hangzhou Internet Court held that the application for refund only initiated by defendant Zhou obviously did not conform to ordinary people’s shopping habits, and the reasons for refund were repetitive and single. His behavior was an abuse of the rights of Taobao platform members, which damaged the reputation of Taobao sellers who operated honestly and legally, interfered with the normal operation order of Taobao, and made Taobao spend more material resources to deal with the defendant’s false complaints, causing actual losses to Taobao, and directly destroyed the integrity and fairness that Taobao and the whole society jointly advocated and devoted to building and maintaining. The court ruled that the defendant Zhou compensated Taobao for its economic loss of 1 yuan and reasonable expenses (legal fees) of 10,000 yuan. It is understood that this case is the first judgment made by the court in a series of cases in which Taobao sued for malicious refund.

　　Form an industrial chain

　　Showing a trend of gang specialization

　　The routine of malicious claims is getting deeper and deeper, even showing the trend of gang, specialization, scale and stylization, which is embodied in mentoring, training and output, focusing on packaging and publicity defects.

　　Professional claims consume four to five times as much resources as normal complaints, and public resources are squandered by a few gangs, which makes it impossible to deal with problems that really affect consumers and market order.

　　Official website, a law firm, shows that there are dozens of cases in which professional counterfeiters claim compensation. The Beijing Youth Daily reporter saw that Xiaomei, the owner of the online shop, said that a product sold in her shop was sold in bulk because of its large packaging, and it was caught by the professional counterfeiter "buyer" without QS label. The other party said, "Claim 10 times, and only refund is not returned". The store estimated that this single order of dried fruits with a price of more than 100 yuan, in addition to the loss of principal, had to pay compensation to 1000 yuan, which caused heavy losses. According to Xiaomei, there are more than 30 complaints from stores similar to her.

　　Text/reporter Yan Lishuang

　　Unlike professional counterfeiting,

　　The "malicious claims industry observation report" pointed out that, unlike professional counterfeiting, "professional claims" are often extorted in the name of counterfeiting. The general path is "one buy, two talk, three report, four review and five lawsuit".

　　Number of malicious complaints

　　In September this year, the symposium on professional claims held by China Market Supervision Newspaper revealed that in recent years, the number of malicious complaints and reports of "professional claims" initiated in the name of "counterfeiting" and "safeguarding rights" exceeded 1 million each year.

　　Governance means

　　Many parties have called for curbing the frequent occurrence of vicious claims management documents.

　　With the social harmfulness of occupational claims becoming increasingly prominent, the voice of curbing occupational claims is getting higher and higher. At the recent 2019 Internet Law Conference, the "Malicious Claims Industry Observation Report" was released. According to the Report, professional claims have affected businesses, platforms, regulatory authorities, judicial departments and other parties, undermined the market business environment, and encroached on the judicial law enforcement resources for consumers’ legitimate rights protection.

　　According to public information, nearly 40 NPC deputies have put forward suggestions to standardize occupational claims. For example, Chu Xiaoqin, a deputy to the National People’s Congress, put forward at the two sessions of the National People’s Congress in 2018 that the motive of "professional claims" is not to purify the market, but to use punitive damages to make profits for themselves or take the opportunity to extort money from merchants. Some behaviors seriously violate the principle of good faith, ignore judicial authority and waste judicial resources. Therefore, she suggested gradually curbing the profit-making counterfeiting of professional claims.

　　Since the beginning of this year, the central government’s governance documents on occupational claims have also been issued frequently. On May 20th, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council issued the Opinions on Deepening Reform and Strengthening Food Safety, stating that "malicious reporting of illegal profits should be severely cracked down according to law".

　　On August 8th, the General Office of the State Council issued the Guiding Opinions on Promoting the Healthy Development of Platform Economy, demanding to effectively protect the legitimate rights and interests of participants in the platform economy and crack down on extortion in the name of "counterfeiting".

　　"Standardizing profitability according to law ‘ Counterfeiting ’ And claims. " On September 6th, the State Council issued the Guiding Opinions on Strengthening and Standardizing Post-event Supervision, which also made this clear.

　　In its reply to Li Changqing, a representative of the National People’s Congress, at the end of August this year, the General Administration of Market Supervision made it clear that occupational claims have deviated from the legislative intent of the civil punitive damages system stipulated by laws such as the Consumer Protection Law, and will cooperate with the Ministry of Justice to issue the Regulations on the Implementation of the Consumer Protection Law as soon as possible, so as to specify in detail that defects such as advertising, labeling and instructions that do not affect the quality of goods or services and will not mislead consumers are not fraudulent acts.

　　Xinhua News Agency, Washington, April 8 (Reporter Xu Jianmei, Deng Xianlai) On the 8th, US President Biden announced a series of administrative measures to strengthen gun control and reduce gun violence.

　　Biden made a speech in the White House Rose Garden that day, saying that gun violence in the United States is taking lives every day and leaving lasting scars on the community. "Gun violence is an epidemic in the United States and embarrasses the United States internationally."

　　These administrative measures include: the Ministry of Justice issued a proposed regulation to stop the proliferation of "ghost guns" within 30 days; Issue separate regulations on strengthening the control of pistol "stable bracket" within 60 days; Publish the "Red Flag" icon warning sample regulations that are convenient for States to refer to within 60 days; The Ministry of Justice will release the first report on gun smuggling in the United States in 21 years; Federal agencies will increase funding for community projects to reduce gun violence in cities by non-custodial means.

　　"Ghost gun" is a gun that is self-processed and assembled by purchasing parts, and there is no traceable commercial serial number; The "stable bracket" can turn the pistol into a more lethal and accurate rifle, and it is not subject to the legal constraints of supervising rifles; The "Red Flag" law allows local courts to prevent people who are suicidal or may pose a danger to others from obtaining guns for a period of time at the request of relatives and friends of the parties concerned or local law enforcement departments.

　　Biden said that he hopes to treat the parts of the "ghost gun" as guns in accordance with the gun management law, and that merchants will be equipped with serial numbers when selling parts and conduct background checks on buyers. He said that in some states that have enacted "Red Flag" laws, the number of people who commit suicide with guns has decreased.

　　Biden also nominated David chipman as the director of the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives of the United States. chipman, who advocated gun control, has worked in the Bureau for 25 years.

　　According to American media reports, in 2020, nearly 20,000 people in the United States died of gun violence, and another 24,000 people committed suicide with guns. Gunmen have become worse this year, and major shootings have occurred in Georgia, Colorado and California recently.

　　On March 11th, the House of Representatives controlled by the Democratic Party of the United States passed two bills to strengthen the background investigation of gun purchase, but they were blocked in the Senate. Analysts believe that due to the long-term sharp opposition between American society and the democratic and Republican parties on the issue of gun control, it is uncertain whether the new gun control measures introduced by the Biden administration can be effectively implemented.

On November 11th, the 2020 "Golden Panda" International Communication Summit Forum was held in Chengdu under the guidance of the State Administration of Radio and Television and the Central Radio and Television General Station, and sponsored by the China Television Artists Association, the Propaganda Department of the Sichuan Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China, the Sichuan Radio and Television Bureau and Sichuan Radio and Television Station.

With the theme of "China Story International Communication", this forum will set up a main forum and four sub-forums on documentary, TV series, movies and new media. The heads of relevant industry authorities, industry professionals and academic experts will jointly conduct in-depth exchanges and discussions on topics such as work creation, international cooperation and overseas expansion, with a special focus on the overseas communication of China film and television, and deeply explore how to tell the story of China in international expression and with a global perspective under the background of media integration and development.

This year’s "Golden Panda" International Communication Summit Forum also launched a special exhibition of outstanding film and television works in international communication. Through online and offline means, more than 20 outstanding film and television works at home and abroad won the "Golden Panda" International Communication Award last year, further enhancing the communication power and influence of the "Golden Panda" International Communication Award, and giving better play to the leading and exemplary role of the "Golden Panda" Award in the creation and overseas communication of outstanding works.

At the opening ceremony, Meng Dong, deputy director of the State Administration of Radio and Television, delivered a keynote speech, and Hu Zhanfan, vice chairman of the China Federation of Literary and Art Circles and chairman of the China Television Artists Association, and Gan Lin, member of the Standing Committee of the Provincial Party Committee and Minister of Propaganda Department, delivered speeches. Vice Governor Luo Qiang presided over the opening ceremony.

Responsible comrades from Central Radio and Television General Station, Publicity Department of the Communist Party of China International Liaison Bureau, Asia-Pacific Broadcasting Union and other units attended the opening ceremony.(Reporter   Wu Menglin   Bian Yu)

It may not be the pillar, but it is still a force to be reckoned with.

Supercharged engine is one of the earliest devices used to generate more power. Although turbochargers have largely replaced supercharged engines, some automobile manufacturers still use supercharged engines-the most famous is American manufacturers.

The origin of supercharged engines can be traced back to the 1960s, when Roots Blower Company created an "air propeller" for blast furnaces. In 1878, Heinrich Krigar, a German engineer, applied for a patent for the screw supercharger, but he never used it. In the same year, engineer Dugald Clerk was the first person to use it on an engine, and in 1885, () was the first person to use mechanical supercharging on an automobile engine. At the same time, Renault became the first person to apply for a patent for centrifugal supercharger in 1902. In 1923, it was the first company to produce supercharged series cars, followed by, Miller, Draghi, and. Today, most supercharged engines come from the United States, and Ford and Ford all use this device to increase the output power of the engine.

At the beginning of the 21st century, Chevrolet introduced compact cars and two doors to compete with other models. Although its 2.4-liter inline 4-cylinder engine is relatively boring, Chevrolet added a 2.0-liter EcoTec inline 4-cylinder engine with one installed on the side.

The result is LSJ, a 205-horsepower engine that powers the front wheels of the Cobalt SS model and other models on the same platform. Chevrolet dealers offer upgrades to increase power to 260 HP and 290 HP-creating a fairly powerful and fast car. After emission limitation, the supercharged engine was replaced by the turbocharged engine.

It is either clever or lazy when designing AJ126 V6, because the engine block is the same as AJ133 V8, but two cylinders are removed. The engine also went to 3.0 liters, and to make up for the power, Jaguar added a supercharger. The result is one of the best V6 engines ever.

The power of AJ126 is between 335 and 400 horsepower, and it is still available in some markets, because Jaguar has stopped production and switched to 4-cylinder and 4-cylinder.

Audi EA837 made its debut in B8 S4, replacing the excellent 4.2-liter V8 engine on S4 and S5 models. EA837 has a displacement of 3.0 liters and adopts mechanical supercharging instead of traditional German turbocharging.

EA837 may produce less power and torque than the naturally aspirated V8 engine it replaces, but Audi has deliberately adjusted it to avoid stealing the limelight of RS4 and RS5. A simple remapping shows that EA837 generates as much power as 4.2 liters RS4 and RS5-all of which create an intoxicating supercharged buzz.

Ford Modular V8 engine is a very important engine, because it is featured in many cars other than Ford Motor Company. One of the best applications is the Ford F-150 SVT lightning, which has a displacement of 5.4 liters and a supercharged engine at the top.

Everyone may know that the same engine was used in 2005, although there was more power and torque-a simple supercharged pulley with the GT owner could get about 700 horsepower. Modular V8 will continue to be Coyote V8 and all subsequent versions.

Jaguar AJ133 is an upgraded version of AJ-V8 in 1990s, but it adopts an updated engine block and internal structure. AJ133 can be provided as a natural aspirator, or provided with mechanical pressurization in R, R- s, R- s GT, SV and SVR Jaguar models.

The horsepower of the supercharged AJ133 is between 444 and 600 horsepower, depending on the interior and model year. AJ133 was also the engine choice for SV projects 7 and 8-the latter was the most powerful engine version of the smallest car made by Jaguar at that time.

Aston martin V8 engine lasted from 1969 to 2000, and had different configurations on many different models, including enlarging the engine to 6.3 liters to obtain more power.

The most powerful version is the Vantage V 600 in 1998. The 5.3-liter V8 engine is equipped with double supercharge, producing 600 horsepower comparable to that of a super sports car. Although this generation of Vantage is not the best-looking, the idea of double supercharged Aston Martin is simple and amazing.

Although the V8 is technically a Ford modular engine, Koenigsegg has changed so much that it may become part of the manufacturer’s engine catalog. In addition to replacing almost everything, Koenigsegg added twin supercharged engines to increase power.

The resulting power output is the rear wheel with 806 horsepower. The CCR provided by Koenigsegg has only one 6-speed, which increases the awe. After that, Koenigsegg continued to use twin turbochargers to create his own engine.

Mercedes-Benz M113 is one of the greatest German v8 engines of all time, providing excellent performance and reliability. AMG got their hands and created M133K-a supercharged version, which is not only comparable to super sports cars in performance, but also durable enough to handle modification.

The output power of M133K is between 470 and 574 horsepower-the latter is typical in CLK AMG DTM special edition. M113K is the engine choice for all large AMG models, including E55, CL55 and G55.

Chevrolet LT4 V8 was built on the previous generation LS9 engine, but the interior was improved and a different supercharger was adopted. The LT4 has a displacement of 6.2 liters, and the output power is between 640 and 682 horsepower depending on the vehicle model.

Before the brilliant ZL1, LT4 made its debut at Z06 in 2015. Recently, the LT4 powered the and powered the car in its highest power version.

The Hellcat engine is probably the most important engine in the past decade, producing a huge 707 horsepower from the inventory. In the past eight years, the engine has been updated and now produces 797 horsepower in the conventional configuration.

In order to make the engine make a loud noise, Chrysler adjusted the engine power of the 2023 SRT Demon 170 to 1,025 HP, making it the most powerful mass production in history, 185 HP higher than that of the 2018 Demon. Hellcat engine is an iconic engine. When the electric muscle car comes in the next few years, it will be deeply missed.

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eπ008的外观设计充满未来感与科技感。其前脸设计采用了极具辨识度的封闭式进气格栅，搭配锐利的大灯组，营造出强烈的视觉冲击力。车身线条流畅，整体风格偏向年轻化和运动化，展现出强烈的个性化特点。

eπ008拥有优雅的车身线条，长宽高分别为5002mm、1972mm和1732mm，轴距达到3025mm，为乘客提供了宽敞的乘坐空间。车侧线条流畅，搭配21英寸轮圈，采用265/45 R21轮胎规格，彰显动感与时尚。

eπ008的内饰设计风格简约而富有科技感，中控台上的15.6英寸高清触摸屏是整个驾驶舱的核心，支持多媒体系统、导航、电话以及空调的语音识别控制。方向盘采用皮质包裹，手感出色，支持手动上下和前后调节，方便驾驶员找到最舒适的位置。此外，车内配备了多个USB和Type-C接口，满足不同乘客的充电需求，而前排则设有无线充电功能，让手机随时保持电量充足。座椅采用仿皮材质，主副驾驶座椅均支持前后调节、靠背调节、高低调节以及腰部支撑调节，提供极佳的乘坐舒适性。驾驶位和副驾驶位均配备了电动座椅记忆功能，而前排座椅还增加了加热、通风以及头枕扬声器，为乘客带来更加丰富的体验。第二排座椅同样配备了多种调节功能，包括前后调节、靠背调节和腿托调节，进一步提升了后排乘客的舒适度。后排座椅还可以按照比例放倒，为乘客提供了更多的储物空间。

eπ008搭载的是一款高性能发动机，拥有200kW的最大功率和340N·m的最大扭矩，为车辆提供了充沛的动力和出色的驾驶体验。

汽车之家车主对eπ008的外观给予了高度评价，他觉得这款车很大气，是自己非常喜欢的感觉。虽然外观的评价很大程度上取决于个人喜好，但他认为eπ008的外观还是很赞的，并建议大家选择白色车漆，因为白色不仅大气，而且还不需要额外加钱。