Platform self-employment, online part-time employment … The digital economy is reconstructing the employment model.

  Source: China Communication Research Institute, China Internet Information Center, Analysys Consulting.

  Cartography: Cai Huawei

  In the Internet age, young people spend more and more time online and are often accused of "doing nothing". According to statistics, among the digital users in China in 2019, users aged 35 and below accounted for 68.15%. What are they busy with online? Some people became online doctors and food bloggers and moved their offices online. Some people use their spare time to develop sideline businesses such as design and writing, so as to cultivate interest and increase income. Some people work as cyber security volunteers and public review staff in their spare time, doing public welfare online and promoting positive energy … … They are all doing business online.

  This edition will launch "Big Data Observation Network Gathering Youth Power" from now on, focusing on the vigorous vitality and surging kinetic energy released by contemporary young people on the Internet.

  — — Editor

  "Goodbye, alma mater, and go home to work." After graduation, Yu Pei’s employment choices are slightly different from those of his classmates. After graduating from a 211 college, she joined a self-media company, responsible for writing manuscripts and planning content.

  In recent years, the digital economy has flourished, giving birth to many online jobs. More flexible working hours and fresh and interesting work content have attracted more and more young people to online jobs, and new flexible employment has developed rapidly. According to the White Paper on the Development and Employment of Digital Economy in China in 2019, there were 191 million jobs in China’s digital economy in 2018, accounting for 24.6% of the total employment in that year.

  Food blogger and network marketing specialist … … Digitalization of the tertiary industry has spawned a large number of online jobs.

  "I am an online fitness instructor." After bidding farewell to the gym where he took office, Li Wencan moved his work online. Li Wencan recorded fitness teaching videos for various online platforms, wrote fitness popular science articles for knowledge sharing websites, and served as a class teacher on fitness APP to answer fitness questions for students.

  "I still take orders on the APP and provide on-site fitness guidance services for two or three hours a week." Li Wencan is still satisfied with the current income situation. "The monthly income is about 15,000 yuan, which is only a lot more than the previous income in the gym, but there is much more freedom and no pressure on course sales."

  "I am an online pediatrician." From 8: 00 am to 11: 00 pm, Guo Qing is responsible for the WeChat group, and the notifications are one after another. In the eyes of many novice parents, the baby can’t eat well, sleep well and have a fever. It’s right to find Guo Qingzhun.

  "Bao Baba Bao Ma will send me the baby’s symptoms and photos, and I will make a preliminary diagnosis accordingly, telling parents whether to continue observation or go to the hospital for further examination." Guo Qingxiao said that he is a family doctor in more than 300 families and has contributed a little to alleviating the difficulty of pediatric registration. "In fact, babies are sick, and many situations are minor problems. They can recover after a few days’ rest." Guo Qing said.

  "I am a food blogger." After accumulating a certain popularity on a food platform, Vince resigned from his original job and became a full-time food blogger. "My daily job is to record pastry making videos and write cooking strategies." Wensisi’s food blogger is very popular. Not long ago, he just sold his own baking tutorial on a platform.

  Private travel itinerary customizer, online media writer and online marketing specialist & HELIP; … Exploring these online jobs in detail almost all stems from the transformation of digital service industry. "Because the tertiary industry has the characteristics of high transaction costs, low proportion of fixed assets and low technology intensity, it is easier to carry out digital transformation, thus creating a large number of online jobs." Yu Xiaohui, vice president of China Institute of Information and Communication, said that the digital economy’s ability to absorb employment is mainly reflected in the tertiary industry. In 2018, there were about 134.26 million digital transformation jobs in the tertiary industry, accounting for 37.2% of the total employment in the tertiary industry. The proportion increased by about 4 percentage points.

  Zhou Guangsu, an associate professor at the School of Labor and Personnel of Renmin University of China, said that the digital transformation of the tertiary industry has spawned new models such as platform economy and sharing economy, among which the platform economy is the most eye-catching and has become a new engine to promote entrepreneurship and employment in recent years.

  Platform self-employment and online part-time employment … … The digital economy is reconstructing the employment model.

  In addition to actively participating in online jobs, many young people choose to work part-time online to earn pocket money. According to Zhaopin’s recruitment survey data, in the first half of 2019, 8.2% of professionals had part-time income.

  The research report shows that with the development of the platform economy, work is becoming more and more unrestricted by space and time. Having a main business to make a living and taking into account an interest, the main and sideline business at the same time has become a way that many young people yearn for.

  "We found in the survey that through the Internet, whether it is programming, planning, agency operation, makeup, etc., as long as you have expertise in technology and talent, you can develop into a second career." The person in charge of a recruitment website said.

  "The digital economy is reconstructing our employment model." Yu Xiaohui said that network information technology and internet platforms provide individuals with resources such as market, R&D and production, and individuals can engage in economic activities without entering traditional enterprises. Accordingly, employment forms have become flexible and diverse, and new flexible employment modes such as self-employment, freelance employment and part-time employment have sprung up rapidly.

  Yu Xiaohui said that the digital economy has promoted four major changes in China’s flexible employment: First, the scale has exploded and the transition from marginal supplement to important composition has been realized. "Nowadays, with the development of new modes and formats such as online shopping and sharing economy, the number of flexible employees has increased rapidly and has gradually become an important employment force." Second, the scope has expanded rapidly to realize the transformation from a few fields to diversified fields of employment. Flexible employment is not only distributed in the field of business circulation, but also widely distributed in diversified fields such as logistics and live broadcast. Third, the quality has been continuously improved, and the transformation from low-level employment to high-level employment has been realized. More people with high academic qualifications and high human capital participate in flexible employment, especially in the fields of knowledge sharing, and the education level of flexible employees has been greatly improved. Fourth, the competitiveness has greatly jumped, and the transformation from passive choice to active participation has been realized. Nowadays, relying on the empowerment of technology and platform, flexible employees can compete in more fields, and can better meet the increasingly personalized needs in specialized fields. Flexible employment has become the active choice of employees.

  Identification of labor relations and reasonable working hours … … Protection of labor rights and interests has become a new topic.

  Looking ahead, Zhou Guangsu said that with the acceleration of the digitalization of the secondary industry, the number of online jobs in the secondary industry will increase greatly in the future, such as remote maintenance of equipment and online drawing. With the increasing number of online jobs and the rapid growth of flexible employment groups, Yang Weiguo, dean of the School of Labor and Human Resources of China Renmin University, pointed out that how to protect the legitimate rights and interests of these workers, including reasonable wages and working hours, is becoming a new topic.

  "The new flexible employment model covers ‘ Manual field economy in the digital age ’ That is, it has returned to the state of individual production, family production and local production. " Yang Weiguo said that many factors such as market environment, personal choice and technological convenience may continue to push this trend forward, so we need to study how to protect the legitimate rights and interests of these workers.

  Li Wencan is full of confusion about his relationship with the platform. "What we signed with the platform company is not a labor contract, but a cooperation agreement. The platform company is not responsible for my five insurances and one gold."

  At present, the most controversial issue about online flexible employment is the identification of labor relations. Internet platform enterprises and labor service providers have both signed labor relations and formed non-standard labor relations through outsourcing and labor dispatch, but most of them have signed cooperation and contracting agreements to establish civil cooperation relations. "This makes it difficult for the judiciary to judge and identify. In the event of an accident, it is difficult to protect the legitimate rights and interests of workers." Yang Weiguo said.

  Experts suggest that in the face of increasingly complex and changeable employment patterns and ways, it is necessary to introduce new laws and regulations to make a clearer definition of new labor relations. "Only in this way can we better protect the rights and interests of workers and let social security play a better role." Zhou Guangsu said.

Notice of the General Office of the People’s Government of Guangdong Province on Establishing the Leading Group for the Work of China (Guangdong) Pilot Free Trade Zone

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General Office of Guangdong Provincial People’s Government on the Establishment of China (Guangdong)

Notice of the Leading Group for the Work of the Pilot Free Trade Zone

People’s governments at the local level and listed, people’s governments of counties (cities, districts), departments and institutions directly under the provincial government, and relevant units of Zhongzhi in Guangdong:

  In order to strengthen the organization and leadership of China (Guangdong) Pilot Free Trade Zone, the provincial people’s government agreed to set up a leading group for China (Guangdong) Pilot Free Trade Zone, with the following members:

  Group leader: Governor of Zhu Xiaodan.

  Deputy Head: Member of the Standing Committee of Xu Shaohua Provincial Party Committee and Executive Vice Governor.

      Zhao Yufang, Vice Governor

      Mayor of Guangzhou, Chen Jianhua

      Xu Qin, Mayor of Shenzhen

      Mayor of Jiangling Zhuhai

  Member: Pan Xiangqing, director of the provincial editorial office.

      Director of He Ningka Provincial Development and Reform Commission

      Director of Lai Tiansheng Provincial Economic and Information Technology Commission

      Director of Education Department of Luo Weiqi Province

      Director of Science and Technology Department of Huang Ningsheng Province

      Deputy Director of Zhengdong Provincial Public Security Department

      Director of Yang Jianghua Provincial Department of Justice

      Director of Ceng Zhiquan Provincial Department of Finance

      Director of the Department of Human Resources and Social Security of Lin Yingwu Province

      Director of the Department of Land and Resources of Wu Gongquan Province

      Director of Housing and Urban-Rural Development Department of Wang Peng Province

      Zeng Zhaogeng, Director of the Provincial Department of Transportation

      Director of Guo Yuanqiang Provincial Department of Commerce

      Director of Wu Junsheng Port Office

      Zheng Jianrong, Director of the Work Office of China (Guangdong) Pilot Free Trade Zone

      Fang Jianhong, Director of Provincial Department of Culture

      Deputy Director of Health and Family Planning Commission of Huangfei Province

      Director of Foreign Affairs Office of Fu Lang Province

      Director of Zhu Zejun Provincial Administration for Industry and Commerce

      Director of Quality Supervision Bureau of Xiaotie Province

      Director of Huang Xiaoling Press, Publication, Radio, Film and Television Bureau

      Director of Ma Xianmin Provincial Intellectual Property Office

      Yang Rongsen, Director of Provincial Tourism Bureau

      Director of Hong Kong and Macao Affairs Office of Liao Jingshan Province

      Director of Legislative Affairs Office of Wang Xuecheng Province

      Liu Wentong, Director of Provincial Finance Office

      President of Wang Jingwu People’s Bank Guangzhou Branch (Director of Guangdong Branch of the State Administration of Foreign Exchange)
      Deputy Director of Guangdong Branch of Heli Customs

      Director of Hu Jinmu Provincial State Taxation Bureau

      Zhan Siming, Director of Guangdong Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau

      Zhao Zhenshuan, Director of Shenzhen Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau

      Li Qingxiang, Director of Zhuhai Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau

      Wang Zhanfeng, Director of Guangdong Banking Regulatory Bureau

      Hou Wailin, Director of Guangdong Securities Regulatory Bureau

      Fang Yongbin, Director of Guangdong Insurance Regulatory Bureau

      Gu Weizhong, Director of Provincial Communications Administration

      Ding Hongdou, member of the Standing Committee of Guangzhou Municipal Committee and director of Guangzhou Nansha Development Zone Management Committee.

      Luo Weifeng, Vice Mayor of Guangzhou

      Chen Biao, Vice Mayor of Shenzhen

      Liu Jia, member of the Standing Committee of Zhuhai Municipal Committee and Party Secretary of Hengqin New District

      Zhang Bei, Director of Shenzhen Qianhai Administration Bureau

      Niu Jing Director of Zhuhai Hengqin New District Management Committee

      Sun Chengming, Deputy General Manager of China Merchants Group

  The daily work of the leading group shall be undertaken by the work office of China (Guangdong) Pilot Free Trade Zone, with no seal engraving and no formal writing. If the members of the leading group need to be adjusted due to changes in work, the unit to which they belong shall submit it to the office of China (Guangdong) Pilot Free Trade Zone, report it to the leading group for approval according to procedures, and send a copy to the provincial office.

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Provincial general office

May 5, 2015

Internet 30 years and 30 things | Short video industry 20 years, from giant competition to national entertainment.

Open column language

In April, 1994, China fully accessed the Internet and became the 77th member of the international Internet family. This year is the 30th year of China’s full-featured access to the Internet, and it is also an important node of "half a child".

In just 30 years of development, there are many "things" worth remembering. In the past 30 years, the Internet in China has grown from scratch, from small to large, from large to strong, and many objects, applications or platforms have been born. The value of the above objects or applications is not only in business, but also a kind of feeling, which embodies people’s long-term memory of life and emotion.

To this end, Beijing News Shell Finance and China Internet Development Foundation China Positive Energy Network Communication Special Fund launched the topic "Internet 30 Years and 30 Things". I hope that by telling the story of the landmark objects, applications or platforms in the history of Internet development in China, I can outline the evolution of Internet in China in the past 30 years and see where it will go in the future.

A network cable 30 years ago connected China to the world. Nowadays, the Internet is half-baked and China is in the ascendant after the "Internet".


Art leader andy warhol said, "Everyone can be famous in 15 minutes" and "Everyone can be famous for 15 minutes". However, in the era of short video, it takes only 15 seconds for a person to become famous.

After nearly 20 years of development, the short video industry has experienced the evolution from the micro-film era to the mobile era, and then to the national era. It is generally judged in the industry that more and more short video platforms will begin to diversify, taking into account a variety of content and forms of expression; Industry players tend to be more concentrated, relying on the support of giants, and realizing the integration of Lian Heng through capital and resources. As a form of content expression and distribution, short video will be more and more integrated into various super applications. At the same time, with the strengthening of supervision and technological progress, the short video industry will also usher in a more compliant and broad development.

microfilm

In 2005, with the improvement of network speed and bandwidth, as well as the popularity of personal computers (PCs) and video recorders, the Internet began to enter the video era from the graphic era. Tudou, Thunder, VeryCD (electric donkey download) and other companies have been established.

It was also at the end of this year that an animator named Hu Ge edited the film "The Promise" into a short film "A Bloody Case Caused by a Steamed Bread" and detonated the network. The download volume even beat the original film "The Promise", which was considered as the embryonic form of a micro-movie. Micro-movies promote the grassroots of short videos, and inadvertently cultivate the awareness of netizens using fragmented time to shoot, make, upload and watch.

Established in 2006, Six Rooms introduced Hugo and launched his follow-up works, which brought huge traffic. With the gradual formation of video sharing atmosphere, Six Rooms, Tudou, Youku, Kuliuwang, etc. have stood in the ranks of domestic first-line video sharing websites.

Initially, these video websites were positioned as platforms for uploading and publishing original videos, which is quite similar to the concept of short video platforms today. However, at that time, user habits were still in the cultivation period, and shooting equipment and uploading costs were expensive. In 2010, Iqiyi, Youku and other players brought copyrighted content and capital into the market, and the wave of mobile Internet hit. At that time, the PC-side video sharing website was closed down or changed hands, and the six rooms gradually turned to the direction of performing arts live broadcast.

watershed

2016 can be said to be a "watershed" in the short video industry, and ByteDance’s entry is a landmark event. Before ByteDance announced "All-in Short Video", the number of short video platforms was close to 400, and Aauto Quicker, Second Shot, Watermelon Video, American Shot, Volcano Video, Tudou and other platforms quickly emerged and rushed into the first camp. They either seize the first-Mover advantage of segmentation and quickly accumulate a huge user base, or rely on Internet traffic giants.

Han Kun, one of the founders of Kuliu.com, and Zhang Hongyu, one of the founders of PPS, have been working hard in the field of short video for a long time. After Kuliu.com was acquired by Shanda.com, Han Kun founded a technology company in 2012, which is the parent company of Second Shot, xiaokaxiu and Live Broadcast, and entered the mobile video sharing. Zhang Hongyu joined Aiqiyi as PPS was acquired by Aiqiyi, and became an early investor of Second Shot. Secondhand relies on the strategic cooperation and investment relationship with Weibo, and has many stars and opinion leaders under Weibo’s banner. Most of the broadcast traffic is realized in Weibo.

Aauto Quicker was born in 2011. It was originally a tool for making moving pictures. In 2012, it transformed into a short video community and quickly accumulated influence among residents in third-and fourth-tier cities. However, Aauto Quicker said: "Aauto Quicker is not doing short videos or live broadcasts, but just wants to bring the ability of recording and sharing to everyone with technology. This technology can also be in other forms in the future. We hope that everyone can have equal opportunities for communication. "

The beauty shoot emphasizes the beauty function, the positioning is feminine and vertical, and the users are mostly women.

During the Spring Festival of 2014, hundreds of stars, including Lee MinHo, Fan Bingbing and He Jiong, gathered in Microvision to pay New Year’s greetings and broadcast them on TV in turn, which brought a small climax to Microvision: this application, which was launched in 2013, remained in the top five in the App Store for several days, with 45 million daily active users. From New Year’s Eve to the first day of the first year, millions of people released and watched short videos of New Year’s greetings through Microvision, with a total broadcast volume of hundreds of millions of times. Ten months after its launch, Microvision was established as an independent department.

ByteDance’s entry in the second half of 2016 became a watershed in the short video industry. In September 2016, ByteDance founder Zhang Yiming announced "All-in Short Video", and successively launched three short video products, namely watermelon video, volcano video and Tik Tok. According to reports, the three products have different positioning. Tik Tok is mainly a short music video for young people, volcano video is a daily life sharing platform, and watermelon is a mobile short video platform, which uses AI algorithm to push content to users.

With the strong entry of ByteDance, the short video industry has entered a new competitive pattern, and mainstream Internet companies have focused their attention on the short video field, unwilling to miss the new outlet.

The battle of giants

The "war" was first burned on the subsidy. In September 2016, Tencent and ByteDance almost simultaneously proposed their own short video subsidy plans of 1 billion yuan; In the first half of 2017, Baidu and Ali followed up. Baidu announced that it would divide the accumulated content producers into 10 billion yuan, while Ali proposed to support content creation with 2 billion yuan subsidies; In November 2017, Tencent opened its platform with 10 billion yuan of subsidies and resources at its partner conference, focusing on supporting short video entrepreneurship and even opening its own copyrighted content for producers to use; ByteDance’s watermelon video immediately announced that it would pay 2 billion yuan as the creator’s advance production fee.

At the same time as the subsidy, the platform is built. At first, BAT (Baidu, Ali, Tencent) did not set up a separate short video aggregation platform, but chose to add short video functions to their original super applications, and encouraged content providers to settle in various "accounts" to realize "one account settled in" and multi-platform distribution. Tencent’s Penguin is responsible for such functions, and Ali’s Big Fish is responsible for such functions. Baidu, Netease and Sohu have also followed suit to open various distribution accounts.

In the second half of 2017, under the temptation of the powerful broadcast volume and duration of short videos, major Internet companies also launched their own single short video platforms. In November 2017 alone, the short video industry ushered in four new products directly hatched by Internet companies, namely 360′ s "Fast Video", Baidu’s "Good Video", Tencent’s "Microvision" and Weibo’s "Cool Burning". In the first half of 2017, Ali upgraded the acquired Tudou to a short video platform. Tencent emphasizes social relations, Ali focuses on e-commerce, ByteDance plots information distribution, and Internet giants make short videos in their own good directions.

In the field of short video, capital layout has already begun. The second shot was first incorporated by the giants. In July 2013, September 2014, November 2015 and November 2016, Sina Weibo Fund invested in the parent company’s technology for four consecutive rounds, and was the lead investor in at least two rounds. At the critical moment, Weibo took Secondshot as its exclusive short video platform, helping Secondshot win the tough battle with platforms such as Meipai and Xiaoying.

Followed by Aauto Quicker, in March 2017, Aauto Quicker received $350 million in financing, and Tencent led the investment; In its tens of millions of dollars in financing in March 2016, Baidu Investment Department appeared. The veteran player "Mei Pai" belongs to Meitu, a Hong Kong-listed company. Watermelon video, volcano video and Tik Tok are big trees backed by ByteDance.

China’s Internet giants completed the power assembly of the short video sector in early 2018. From the perspective of capital, various short video platforms have embraced the giant’s thighs and "achieved each other" with resources and capital. From the perspective of application attributes, there may be few independent short video platforms in the future, and most of them are integrated into super applications as tools to attract traffic and distribute content.

Move forward in adjustment

By the end of 2019, short video traffic has basically been divided. QuestMobile data shows that as of June 2019, the number of newly installed users in the short video industry was close to 100 million, and the total monthly active users were close to 821 million, basically covering all netizens in China at that time. Among them, ByteDance (Tik Tok, Watermelon and Volcano) ranks first with nearly 600 million monthly activities after weight reduction, while Aauto Quicker ranks second with nearly 350 million monthly activities, followed by Tencent (micro-vision, hot pot) and Baidu (good-looking, all-people) with huge traffic portals.

Many commercial actions have been carried out almost simultaneously, and almost all the means of realizing advertisements, e-commerce, live broadcasts, enterprise numbers and short videos have been opened to content producers this year. Many content entrepreneurs bluntly say that it is precisely because of the "attack" of Tencent Microvision and Baidu’s good-looking videos that Tik Tok and Aauto Quicker are willing to open all these original platforms, such as e-commerce and advertising, to content entrepreneurs, so that they can get more shares in the ecology.

It can be said that short video has become the biggest outlet in the 4G era, and no giant wants to be absent. Although Tencent and Baidu were behind Aauto Quicker and ByteDance at that time, they all hoped to stay at the poker table and wait for the next outlet in the 5G era. Just one year later, "lucky" Tencent and others came to the WeChat video number, while Baidu "hastily" announced at the end of 2020 that it would acquire YY live broadcast under Huanju Group for over 3 billion yuan.

While the short video industry is in sturm und drang, the industry supervision is becoming stricter. In 2018, short video platforms such as Aauto Quicker, Volcano Video, Meipai and Tik Tok were successively ordered to be rectified by relevant departments. At that time, Tik Tok initiated the initiative of all sectors of society to jointly draft the Tik Tok Community Convention on the platform to strengthen self-discipline; At the beginning of 2019, China Network Audiovisual Program Service Association issued "Management Specification for Network Short Video Platform" and "Detailed Rules for Auditing Network Short Video Content" to guide the standardized development of the industry; In 2020, xiaokaxiu and pear videos were successively removed; The year 2021 coincides with the beginning of the 14th Five-Year Plan, and the short video industry is facing the "strongest supervision in history". The China Network Audiovisual Program Service Association issued the Detailed Rules for the Audit Standards of Network Short Video Content, which regulated and restricted the short video content in more detail.

According to the latest data, in 2023, 112,918,700 hours of Internet video programs were added, including 547,462,600 hours of short videos. Internet users watched Internet audio-visual programs (including short videos) for about 3 hours every day, and more than 750 million users uploaded short videos.

It is generally judged in the industry that more and more short video platforms will begin to diversify, taking into account a variety of content and forms of expression; Industry players tend to be more concentrated, relying on the support of giants, and realizing the integration of Lian Heng through capital and resources. As a form of content expression and distribution, short video will be more and more integrated into various super applications. At the same time, with the strengthening of supervision and technological progress, the short video industry will also usher in a more compliant and broad development.

This activity is supported by China Positive Energy Network Communication Special Fund of China Internet Development Foundation.

Beijing News Chief Reporter Bai Jinlei Editor Yue Caizhou Proofread Liu Baoqing.

More than 80% of the respondents have been exposed to information. Consumers Association suggested strengthening corporate supervision.

  China Net Finance August 29th Today, China Consumers Association released an investigation report on the disclosure of personal information of App. In order to more accurately grasp the content scope, possible ways, problem forms, rights protection willingness and other relevant information of consumers’ personal information disclosure, and better safeguard consumers’ legitimate rights and interests, China Consumers Association organized a questionnaire survey on "App Personal Information Disclosure" from July 17 to August 13, 2018. The survey was conducted online, and a total of 5,458 valid questionnaires were collected.

  I. Main findings of the survey

  (1) Over 80% of the respondents have experienced personal information disclosure.

  According to the survey results, the overall situation of personal information disclosure is relatively serious, with 85.2% of people having experienced personal information disclosure and 14.8% not having experienced personal information disclosure.

  Figure 1: Have you ever encountered personal information disclosure?

  (2) Common problems encountered after personal information is leaked: harassing sales calls or text messages, receiving fraudulent calls, and receiving spam.

  According to the survey results, when consumers’ personal information was leaked, about 86.5% of the respondents were harassed by sales calls or text messages, about 75.0% of the respondents received fraudulent calls, and about 63.4% of the respondents received spam, ranking the top three. In addition, some interviewees have received illegal information such as illegal links, and even more, personal account passwords have been stolen.

  Figure 2: Expression of Personal Information Disclosure

  (C) Two key concerns of consumers’ personal information: being used for fraud and theft, and selling or exchanging it to a third party.

  According to the survey results, if the mobile App leads to the disclosure of personal information, the most worrying issue is being used for fraud and theft, accounting for 70.5%. Followed by selling or exchanging to a third party, accounting for 52.4%, being harassed by promoted advertisements accounting for 37.7%, and reputation damage accounting for 6.6%.

  Figure 3: Concerns about personal information disclosure

  (D) Operators’ unauthorized collection of personal information and intentional disclosure of information are the main ways of personal information disclosure.

  According to the survey results, the main way of personal information leakage is that the operator collects personal information without his consent, accounting for about 62.2% of the total sample of the survey; Second, operators or criminals intentionally disclose, sell or illegally provide personal information to others, accounting for about 60.6% of the total sample of the survey, and 57.4% of personal information is leaked due to loopholes in the network service system. There are also criminals stealing and defrauding personal information through Trojan horses and phishing websites, and operators collecting unnecessary personal information, accounting for 34.4% and 26.2% respectively.

  Figure 4: Ways of Personal Information Disclosure

  (5) About one-third of the respondents chose to admit that they were unlucky after the disclosure of personal information.

  According to the survey results, after personal information is leaked, respondents will take various measures to safeguard their rights and interests, such as complaining to consumer associations and relevant administrative departments, and some respondents will choose to negotiate with service providers and give feedback to relevant industry organizations.

  It is noteworthy that in the end, about one-third of the respondents chose to "admit that they are unlucky", which may be based on their inability to cope, on the other hand, they may accept the status quo after failing to cope.

  Figure 5: Measures taken after personal information is leaked.

  (6) Reading the APPlication authority and user agreement or privacy policy when installing and using the mobile app.

  1. In terms of reading habits, the respondents who choose "occasional reading" are the most.

  According to the survey results, when users install and use mobile apps, few people read the application rights and user agreements or privacy policies, and most of them read occasionally and never read. Always reading accounts for 18.1%, often reading 8.2%, sometimes reading 16.4%, occasionally reading 31.2% and never reading 26.2%.

  Figure 6: Habits of reading application permissions and user agreements or privacy policies.

  2. From the reading level, the respondents who chose "probably reading" were the most.

  According to the survey results, among 73.8% of the respondents who have read the application rights and user agreements or privacy policies, only 26.7% of the respondents can carefully read the written descriptions of the application rights and user agreements or privacy policies, less than 30%; Nearly 40% of the respondents will probably read the relevant policies, accounting for the highest proportion; About 20.0% of the respondents will choose to read the key chapters; Some respondents will occasionally check the application rights and user agreement or privacy policy text during the use process.

  Figure 7: The extent of reading application permissions and user agreements or privacy policies.

  3. "You can’t use it without authorization" is the main reason why respondents "never read".

  According to the survey results, among the 26.2% respondents who never read the application rights and user agreements or privacy policies, the main reason for choosing never to read them is that they can’t use them without authorization, and they can only be forced to accept them, accounting for 61.2%. There are also 22.2% of the respondents who trust the App operators, and 16.6% of the respondents think that the contents of the App user agreement are similar.

  Figure 8: Reasons for never reading application rights and user agreement/privacy policy.

  (7) More than 60% of the respondents take measures to fill in some personal information to protect the safety of personal information.

  According to the survey results, respondents mainly protect personal information security by filling in only a part of personal information when using App, accounting for 67.2%. 32.7% chose to turn off personalized services (such as location), 29.5% refused access to software, 24.6% installed relevant protection software, 18.0% used some false information during registration, and 4.9% of the respondents said they didn’t care.

  Figure 9: Personal Information Protection Measures

  (8) The permissions required by App are mainly to obtain location information and access contacts.

  According to the survey results, the right to read location information and the right to access contacts are the most frequently encountered when installing and using mobile apps, accounting for 86.8% and 62.3% respectively. The proportion of respondents who were asked to read the phone records (47.5%), read the short message records (39.3%), turn on the camera (39.3%) and record the microphone (24.6%) was relatively high.

  Figure 10: Permission required to install and use mobile APP.

  (9) Nearly 70% of the respondents believe that mobile apps gain user privacy rights when their functions are unnecessary.

  According to the survey results, it is more serious for mobile apps to obtain users’ privacy rights when their own functions are unnecessary. 67.2% of the respondents encountered this situation, and only 32.8% of the respondents did not.

  Figure 11: Do you get user privacy rights when using the mobile APP without its own functions?

  (10) Nearly 80% of the respondents believe that the reason why mobile apps collect personal information is to promote advertisements.

  According to the survey results, respondents believe that promoting advertisements is the most important reason for mobile apps to collect personal information, accounting for 77.0%. Other reasons were selling and exchanging personal information (45.9%), digging up users’ habits and providing better services (42.6%) and fraud and theft (24.6%).

  Figure 12: Why the mobile App collects personal information.

  (11) The main reasons for personal information security problems in mobile App are weak personal safety awareness and inadequate supervision.

  According to the survey results, weak awareness of personal information security protection and inadequate supervision are the main reasons why respondents believe that personal information security problems occur in mobile apps, accounting for 64.0% and 57.3% respectively. Imperfect relevant laws (39.3%), difficulty in obtaining evidence, high cost of rights protection (24.6%), weak awareness of rights protection (19.6%) and lack of self-discipline in the industry (18.0%) are also important reasons for personal information security problems in mobile apps.

  Figure 13: Reasons for Personal Safety Problems in Mobile APP

  (12) More than 80% of the respondents believe that the current mobile App needs to be strengthened in the protection of users’ personal information.

  According to the survey results, respondents believe that the current mobile App needs to be strengthened in terms of users’ personal information, with 62.3% of respondents thinking it is very necessary and 23.0% necessary, accounting for more than 80% of the total sample of the survey. The proportion of people who think it is unnecessary, unnecessary and completely unnecessary is relatively small.

  Figure 14: The willingness to strengthen the protection of users’ personal information in the current mobile App.

  1. Personal information disclosure is quite serious, and there are various ways and forms of information disclosure. According to the statistical results, the main ways of personal information leakage of consumers are that operators secretly collect personal information without their consent, operators or lawless elements deliberately disclose, sell or illegally provide personal information to others, and there are loopholes in the network service system, resulting in personal information leakage; When consumers’ personal privacy information is leaked, the most common situations are receiving fraudulent calls, sales calls, SMS harassment, spam and so on.

  2. Over-collection of personal information by mobile apps shows a general trend. According to the survey results, there are many kinds of permissions that mobile apps need to obtain, the most prominent of which is to obtain location information and access contact rights; Moreover, the user’s privacy rights are obtained when the function of the App itself is not necessary, which increases the risk of personal information disclosure; Most respondents believe that the reason why mobile apps collect personal information is to promote advertisements.

  3. The frequency and depth of consumers’ reading of mobile App application rights and user agreements or privacy policies need to be improved. According to the survey, more consumers never or occasionally read the text descriptions such as the application rights of mobile App and the user agreement or privacy policy. Moreover, due to the lack of knowledge of network technology and the length of written expression, some consumers will not fully read the written description of privacy policy, or browse it roughly, or read key chapters, and they are not deeply aware of it, and it is easy to miss key information or key descriptions. There are also a large number of consumers who can’t use the App without authorization and have never read the application rights and user agreement or privacy policy of the app.

  4. The countermeasures after the disclosure of consumers’ personal information are insufficient. According to the survey data, after the disclosure of personal information, consumers are most worried about being used for fraud and theft or handing it over to a third party; However, it is worth noting that there are not a few respondents who choose to respond negatively and feel unlucky, and consumers’ awareness of active rights protection needs to be strengthened.

  5. Consumers have a strong awareness of personal information security but lack effective protection means. The survey shows that users protect personal information security by filling in some information, and the weak awareness of personal safety and inadequate supervision are the main reasons for personal information security problems in mobile apps. On the one hand, consumers and mobile App service providers are often in an unequal position, and they can only agree or be forced to agree to format terms and information access rights; On the other hand, although consumers have a sense of self-protection, they don’t know how to protect themselves more effectively, and it is difficult to deal with them effectively.

  Iii. suggestions

  This survey shows that with the rapid development of the mobile Internet, the leakage of consumers’ personal information is not optimistic, and there is a general trend of over-collection of personal information by mobile apps. Consumers have many concerns, but they often lack sufficient effective countermeasures to protect consumers’ personal information and privacy. How to protect consumers’ personal information and privacy, respect consumers’ values and wishes, and make consumers’ personal information and privacy data no longer "streaking" and be reasonably respected and protected is inseparable from the extensive participation and common governance of all sectors of society. To this end, the China Consumers Association suggests:

  1. Improve relevant laws and regulations to provide a solid foundation for the long-term development of the industry. At present, China has issued some normative documents and recommended standards to regulate and guide the collection of personal information by App, but the disciplinary measures and compensation issues that consumers are generally concerned about are not deep enough. It is suggested to further clarify the rights and obligations of both parties in the network information service, especially the obligations and responsibilities of App service providers, do a good job in coping with and judging the risks and problems related to the application of personal information and data, and let the data industry in the network era develop within the scope of the rule of law.

  2. Strengthen the dynamic supervision of enterprises to provide a solid guarantee for the orderly development of the industry. The supervision of mobile App and the protection of personal information need the cooperation and dynamic supervision of the relevant departments such as industrial credit, market supervision, public security, culture and network security. First, strict access threshold and registration and filing, such as the review of developer qualifications, the registration and filing of App, the review of App service functions and contents, and all aspects of violation punishment mechanism should form a linkage to strengthen source governance; Second, severely punish all kinds of violations of laws and regulations, severely crack down on the black industrial chain of personal information trafficking, and form a normalized supervision mechanism for violations of consumers’ personal privacy information; The third is to pay close attention to the development trend of App in the market, such as jointly establishing an App spot check system and a blacklist system, and promptly publicizing the blacklisted software to remind consumers to download it carefully.

  3. Urge enterprises to be self-disciplined and provide internal motivation for the healthy development of the industry. First of all, App service providers must establish the awareness of the first person responsible for consumer rights protection, adhere to the "safety" bottom line, and strengthen the responsibility to protect consumers’ personal information; Secondly, enterprises should obtain user data in a reasonable and legal way, and take effective measures to ensure the safety of users’ personal information and data, and win consumers’ choice and trust with service quality and security guarantee; Third, enterprises should avoid misunderstanding and misreading by consumers in a concise, eye-catching and easy-to-understand way when providing relevant services and fulfilling their obligation to inform; Fourth, enterprises should fully listen to and respect consumers’ reasonable demands and opinions and give timely feedback to improve consumers’ satisfaction and trust.

  4. Encourage the public to participate and strengthen the popularization of network knowledge and safety education norms. On the one hand, it is necessary to widely mobilize social forces to jointly deal with the information leakage of mobile App through social propaganda, social mobilization, social participation and social supervision, strengthen the popularization of network knowledge and safety education norms, and enhance consumers’ awareness of personal information security protection and rights protection; On the other hand, it is necessary to unblock complaint channels and rights protection channels, and let consumers actively participate in the actions to safeguard personal information security through the construction of convenient complaint, report, feedback and handling channels, so as to enhance consumers’ rights protection will and effect.

  5. Cultivate good information credit awareness and usage habits. Consumers should pay attention to "four attentions" when choosing to use mobile App: First, they should pay attention to choosing safe and compliant App products and services, and choose formal and effective channels for download and installation; Second, we should pay attention to carefully reading the Application authority and user agreement or privacy policy description of the app to understand the operational precautions; Third, we should pay attention to cultivate good habits, do not arbitrarily open and agree to unnecessary reading rights, do not arbitrarily input personal privacy information, and regularly maintain and clean up relevant data; Fourth, we should pay attention to seriously deal with the problem of personal privacy information being leaked. When personal information is found to be leaked, we should take the initiative to protect rights in time through effective means and report it to relevant departments when necessary, so as to protect more consumers from it.

Looking forward to the Spring Festival file 13 cinema managers: 1 billion in the first day, 4.5 billion in 6 days!

Say goodbye to the old Lingji, and welcome the new Swiss dog to report a bumper year. There are still 16 days to celebrate the Spring Festival in 2018, and the lively pre-sale has already opened the curtain of the Spring Festival movie market.


In mid-January, China Film Report WeChat WeChat official account sent a questionnaire for the Spring Festival to more than ten regional managers and managers of friendly cinemas. The questionnaire is divided into four items, and it is estimated that the box office of the Spring Festival in 2018 will be from the first day to the sixth day, the six-day box office on the first day of the New Year’s Day and the Valentine’s Day box office on February 14, as well as the top three movies that individuals want to see most.


On the last day of January, we published the results of the questionnaire. Let’s get to know the Lunar New Year movie market in the eyes of more than a dozen cinema managers.


From the first day to the sixth day, it is predicted that the lowest is 3 billion and the highest is 4.5 billion.


Question1: How much will the box office be during the six-day holiday from the first day (February 16th) to the sixth day (February 21st) of the 2018 Lunar New Year?


Let’s take a look at the box office results from the first three days to the sixth day: 3.13 billion in 2017, 3.05 billion in 2016 and 1.75 billion yuan in 2015.


Among the 13 movie theater managers who responded to our questionnaire, five movie theater managers predicted that the box office results for the first day to the sixth day of the Spring Festival in 2018 were between 3 billion and 3.5 billion yuan, and one of them was 3 billion yuan, which was lower than last year’s 3.13 billion yuan. It seems that there is insufficient confidence in the market.

stage photo


Cha Ning, the general manager of Bona International Cinema East China, who is estimated to be 3.5 billion yuan, believes that the increase will not be particularly large because the box office of the Spring Festival file is heavily tilted to the third, fourth and fifth tier cities, and the cinema volume and reception capacity of these cities are limited.


Hu Yong, the head of Hubei District of Happiness Blue Ocean International Studios, believes that it will exceed last year’s 3.1 billion yuan, and the growth is not obvious. Another reason is that third-party subsidies are not as strong as last year.


Five theater managers estimated that it was between 3.5 billion yuan and 4 billion yuan, and three managers estimated that it was between 4 billion yuan and 4.5 billion yuan.


Qiu Lei, the general manager of Shun Tak Studios Shanghai, conservatively estimated that the figure was more than 3.5 billion yuan, because he was confident in the quality of several films in this year’s Spring Festival, especially "Catch the Demon 2", which had a high reputation and a high box office as the previous film. As the second film, it is the welfare of fans to show two films in the Spring Festival at the same time.

Stills of "Detective Chinatown 2"


Liu Yunhui, the general manager of Guangzhou Zhongying Phoenix Studios, estimated that the number of screens increased by 600 million yuan compared with the same period of last year. Besides the increase in the number of screens and the high quality of the four major films, he also put forward two viewpoints: the audience’s viewing atmosphere and habits are better than that of the same period of last year, especially when the films bring more new viewing faces, and the Spring Festival family reunion will gradually form the entertainment way for the whole family to watch movies, bringing more topics before and after tea; The 2018 Spring Festival movies cover audiences of all ages, and "Catch the Demon 2" is a family fun, with strong IP and can drive the story of the girl country in the eyes of different ages, which is quite Wolf Warriors 2 temperament, showing the country’s prosperity and bringing its own aura.


Operation Red Sea stills


Lin Jinbin, the general manager of Dongguan East Wing International Studios, who gave a figure of 4 billion, predicted that there would be about 3 billion yuan in the next five days after the "one billion plus" on the first day.


Cao Gang, director of market operation of Shanghai United Cinema Line, who gave a forecast of more than 4.5 billion yuan, speculated that "there were 45,000 screens in the same period last year and more than 52,000 screens this year, and the box office is expected to increase by more than 30% year-on-year."

Go. "

13 cinema managers’ prediction of six-day box office from grade one to grade six


Will the "one billion plus" on New Year’s Day hit a new high at the box office in a single day?


Question2: How much will the box office be on the first day of the Spring Festival in 2018 (February 16th)?


In 2017, 2016 and 2015, the box office exceeded 800 million yuan, 650 million yuan and 330 million yuan respectively.


For the box office forecast of the New Year’s Day in 2018, three theater managers predicted that it would be below 1 billion yuan, five managers predicted that it would be around 1 billion yuan, and five managers predicted that it would be above 1 billion yuan.


Wang Zheng, the marketing manager of Jinyi Studios Beijing Chaoyang Joy City Store, which is estimated to be 700 million yuan, believes that the forecast is 100 million less than that of the same day last year because there are no films and 2D films on New Year’s Eve.


Pang Zheng, manager of Lumiere Studios’ Tantian Street Store, which is also on Chaoyang North Road in Beijing, is more optimistic about the first film market. "As far as the current pre-sale analysis is concerned, the number of times released by" Catch the Demon 2 "is full under the influence of ticket compensation. The overall box office should exceed 1 billion yuan. "


Cha Ning, general manager of Bona International Cinema in East China, also thinks that the first day will exceed 1 billion yuan. She added that the price limit of several blockbusters has increased this year.


Cao Gang, director of market operation of Shanghai United Cinema Line, said, "The pre-sale has exceeded 50 million three weeks in advance, and the daily box office is estimated to increase by 20% year-on-year."

13 cinema managers’ prediction of single-day box office on New Year’s Day


Can Valentine’s Day the day before New Year’s Eve reach 400 million box office?


Question3: What will be the box office for Valentine’s Day in 2018?


For the box office of Valentine’s Day in 2018, three theater managers predicted that the box office would be within 100 million yuan, three managers predicted that the box office would be between 200 million yuan and 300 million yuan, and seven managers predicted that the box office would be between 400 million yuan and 500 million yuan.


Liu Yunhui, general manager of Guangzhou Zhongying Phoenix Studios, who predicted the box office of 80 million yuan, believes that this year’s Valentine’s Day is the day before New Year’s Eve, and the audience is basically busy with the Spring Festival. At present, there is only one movie "Journey to the West" to watch.

Hu Yong, head of Happiness Blue Ocean International Studios in Hubei, also said that the box office output at this time is mainly in third-and fourth-tier cities, but people are preparing for the New Year, and their attention may decrease on Valentine’s Day.


Qiu Lei, general manager of Dexin Studios Shanghai, analyzed, "Last year’s Valentine’s Day box office was 390 million yuan, and this year it is estimated to be 500 million yuan. Because many enterprises will have an early holiday near the Chinese New Year, Journey to the West will definitely make a major contribution to the box office, because many studios and audiences want to see the quality of Journey to the West, and there are many blockbusters in the Spring Festival. It is also an adventure for Journey to the West to the Girl’s Country to do so. Many studios will increase Journey to the Girl’s Country with good screening effect.

13 cinema managers’ prediction of Valentine’s Day box office


The cinema manager personally wants to see: Catch the Demon 2, Chinatown Detective 2, Operation Red Sea.


Question4: What are the first three movies that people want to see in the following Spring Festival movies (1 Journey to the Daughter’s Country, 2 Detective Cases in Chinatown, 3 Catch the Demon, 4, 5, 6, 7 Operation Red Sea, 8, 9,10 and 11)?


According to the survey, the top three films are: Catch the Demon 2, Detective Chinatown 2, Operation Red Sea.

List of the top three movies that cinema managers want to see most.


Statistics of 12 managers’ voting


The theater regional managers and theater managers who helped China Film Report to complete the questionnaire on WeChat WeChat official account mainly came from Beijing, Shanghai and Guangdong, including a theater marketing manager and a theater manager representative in a fourth-tier city, which are collectively referred to as theater managers for the convenience of writing. Here, I would also like to thank many cinema managers for their participation and cooperation, and wish the major cinemas a new high in revenue during the Spring Festival.


Keynote Speech by the Chairman of the Supreme Leader at the Opening Ceremony of the 2017 Annual Meeting of the World Economic Forum (full text)

  Xinhua News Agency, Davos, Switzerland, January 17th-The Supreme Leader of president attended the opening ceremony of the 2017 annual meeting of the World Economic Forum on January 17th and delivered a keynote speech entitled "Sharing the responsibility of the times and promoting global development together". The full text of the speech is as follows:

Sharing the responsibility of the times and promoting global development

— — Keynote speech at the opening ceremony of the 2017 annual meeting of the World Economic Forum

(Davos, January 17, 2017)

Chairman People’s Republic of China (PRC), Supreme Leader

  Dear President Leuther Harder and Mr. Hausen,

  Distinguished heads of state, heads of government, deputy heads of state and their wives,

  Dear heads of international organizations,

  Dear President Schwab and his wife,

  Ladies and gentlemen, friends,

  I am very happy to come to beautiful Davos. Although Davos is only a small town in the Alps, it is an important window to observe the world economy. Everyone gathered here from all directions, and all kinds of ideas collided with sparks of wisdom, and achieved high output with less input. I think this phenomenon can be called "Schwab economics".

  "This is the best time, but also the worst time", British writer Dickens once described the world after the industrial revolution. Today, we also live in a contradictory world. On the one hand, material wealth is accumulating, scientific and technological progress is changing with each passing day, and human civilization has developed to the highest level in history. On the other hand, regional conflicts occur frequently, and global challenges such as terrorism and refugee flows are one after another. Poverty, unemployment and income gap are widening, and the uncertainty facing the world is rising.

  In this regard, many people are confused. What happened to the world?

  To solve this puzzle, we must first find the root of the problem. There is a view that the world chaos is attributed to economic globalization. Economic globalization was once regarded as the cave of Alibaba, and now it is regarded as Pandora’s box by many people. The international community has held extensive discussions around the issue of economic globalization.

  Today, I want to talk about my views on the world economy from the perspective of economic globalization.

  What I want to say is that many problems that plague the world are not caused by economic globalization. For example, in the past few years, the tide of refugees from the Middle East and North Africa has affected the whole world, millions of people have been displaced, and even many young children have been buried in the sea on the way, which makes us sad. The causes of this problem are wars, conflicts and regional turmoil. The way to solve this problem is to seek peace, promote reconciliation and restore stability. For another example, the international financial crisis is not the inevitable product of the development of economic globalization, but the result of excessive profit-seeking of financial capital and serious lack of financial supervision. Simply blaming the problems that plague the world on economic globalization is neither in line with the facts nor helpful to solve the problems.

  Historically, economic globalization is the objective requirement of the development of social productive forces and the inevitable result of scientific and technological progress, and it is not artificially created by any person or country. Economic globalization has provided a strong impetus for world economic growth and promoted the flow of goods and capital, the progress of science and technology and civilization, and people-to-people exchanges among countries.

  Of course, we also have to admit that economic globalization is a "double-edged sword". When the world economy is in a downturn, the "cake" of the global economy is not easy to get bigger or even smaller, and the contradiction between growth and distribution, capital and labor, efficiency and fairness will become more prominent, and both developed and developing countries will feel the pressure and impact. The voice of anti-globalization reflects the deficiency of the process of economic globalization, which deserves our attention and deep thinking.

  "Sweet melons are bitter, and beautiful dates are thorns." Philosophically speaking, there is no perfect thing in the world. It is not comprehensive to regard it as perfect because it has advantages, and it is not comprehensive to regard it as useless because it has disadvantages. Economic globalization has indeed brought new problems, but we can’t kill it with a stick, but we should adapt to and guide it, eliminate its negative effects and make it better benefit every country and nation.

  At that time, China had misgivings about economic globalization and had misgivings about joining the World Trade Organization. However, we believe that integration into the world economy is the historical direction. If China wants to develop its economy, it must dare to swim in the sea of Wang Yang in the world market. If it never dares to go to the sea to see the world, it will drown in the sea one day. Therefore, China bravely entered the world market. In this process, we choked over water, encountered whirlpools and encountered storms, but we learned to swim in swimming. This is the right strategic choice.

  The sea of the world economy, whether you want it or not, is there and you can’t avoid it. It is impossible to artificially cut off the capital flow, technology flow, product flow, industrial flow and personnel flow of various countries’ economies, and let the sea of the world economy retreat to isolated small lakes and rivers, which is also inconsistent with the historical trend.

  Human history tells us that it is not terrible to have problems. What is terrible is that we dare not face the problems directly and cannot find a way to solve them. Facing the opportunities and challenges brought by economic globalization, the correct choice is to make full use of all opportunities, cooperate with all challenges, and guide the direction of economic globalization.

  At the end of last year, I proposed at the informal meeting of APEC leaders that the process of economic globalization should be more dynamic, inclusive and sustainable. We should take the initiative and manage appropriately, so as to release more positive effects of economic globalization and realize the rebalancing of the process of economic globalization; We should conform to the general trend, combine the national conditions and correctly choose the path and rhythm of integrating into economic globalization; We should stress efficiency and fairness, so that different countries, different classes and different people can share the benefits of economic globalization. This is the responsibility of the leaders of our time, and it is also the expectation of people from all over the world.

  Ladies and gentlemen, friends!

  At present, the most urgent task is to lead the world economy out of the predicament. The world economy has been in a long-term downturn, and the gap between the rich and the poor and the gap between the north and the south has become more prominent. The root cause is that the three prominent contradictions in the economic field have not been effectively solved.

  First, the global growth momentum is insufficient to support the sustained and steady growth of the world economy. The growth rate of the world economy is at the lowest level in seven years, and the growth rate of global trade continues to be lower than the economic growth rate. Short-term policy stimulus is not effective, and deep-seated structural reforms are still being promoted. The world economy is in the shift period of kinetic energy conversion, and the pulling effect of traditional growth engines on the economy is weakened. Although new technologies such as artificial intelligence and 3D printing are constantly emerging, new economic growth points have not yet formed. The world economy has still failed to open up a new path.

  Second, global economic governance is lagging behind and it is difficult to adapt to the new changes in the world economy. Not long ago, Ms. Lagarde told me that the contribution rate of emerging market countries and developing countries to global economic growth has reached 80%. In the past few decades, the international economic power has undergone profound changes, but the global governance system has failed to reflect the new pattern, which is not representative and inclusive enough. The global industrial layout is constantly adjusting, and new industrial chains, value chains and supply chains are increasingly formed. However, trade and investment rules have failed to keep up with the new situation, and the mechanism is closed and the rules are fragmented. The global financial market needs to strengthen its ability to resist risks, but the global financial governance mechanism has failed to meet the new demand, and it is difficult to effectively solve the problems such as frequent turmoil in the international financial market and the accumulation of asset bubbles.

  Third, the global development is unbalanced and it is difficult to meet people’s expectations for a better life. In his book The Fourth Industrial Revolution, Mr. Schwab wrote that the fourth industrial revolution will have an extremely extensive and far-reaching impact, including increasing inequality, especially the gap between capital return and labor return. The wealth of the richest 1% population in the world exceeds the sum of the wealth of the remaining 99% population, and the unequal income distribution and unbalanced development space are worrying. More than 700 million people in the world still live in extreme poverty. For many families, having a warm house, enough food and a stable job is still a luxury. This is the biggest challenge facing the world today, and it is also an important reason for social unrest in some countries.

  These problems reflect that there are problems that must be solved in the current world economic growth, governance and development model. Du Nan, the founder of the International Red Cross, said: "The real enemy is not our neighbors, but hunger, poverty, ignorance, superstition and prejudice." We should not only have the wisdom to analyze problems, but also have the courage to take action.

  First, adhere to the drive of innovation and create a dynamic growth model. The fundamental problem facing the world economy is the lack of growth momentum. Innovation is the first driving force for development. Compared with previous industrial revolutions, the fourth industrial revolution unfolded at an exponential but nonlinear speed. We must find a way out in innovation. Only by daring to innovate and change can we break through the bottleneck of world economic growth and development.

  The G20 leaders reached an important consensus at the Hangzhou Summit, and they should take innovation as an important starting point to tap new impetus for economic growth of countries and the world. We should innovate the concept of development, go beyond the debate about whether fiscal stimulus is more or monetary easing is more, and establish the idea of treating both the symptoms and root causes and comprehensive policies. We should innovate policy means, promote structural reforms, create space for growth and increase stamina. We should innovate the growth mode, grasp the opportunities brought by the new round of industrial revolution and digital economy, not only deal with the challenges brought by climate change and aging population, but also resolve the impact of informationization and automation on employment, and pay attention to creating new employment opportunities in the process of cultivating new industries, new formats and new models, so that people of all countries can regain their confidence and hope.

  Second, adhere to synergy and create an open and win-win cooperation model. Human beings have become a community of destiny in which you have me and I have you. Their interests are highly integrated and interdependent. Every country has the right to development, and at the same time, it should consider its own interests at a broader level, not at the expense of the interests of other countries.

  We must unswervingly develop an open world economy, share opportunities and interests in opening up and achieve mutual benefit and win-win results. You can’t retreat to the harbor as soon as you encounter a storm, it will never reach the other side. We must make great efforts to develop global connectivity, so that all countries in the world can achieve coordinated growth and move towards common prosperity. We must unswervingly develop global free trade and investment, promote the liberalization and facilitation of trade and investment in the process of opening up, and take a clear-cut stand against protectionism. Protectionism is like shutting yourself in a dark room. It seems to have escaped the wind and rain, but it also isolates the sun and the air. The result of a trade war can only be mutual loss.

  Third, keep pace with the times and create a fair and reasonable governance model. Xiao Zhi governs affairs, and great wisdom governs the system. The urgency of the reform of the global economic governance system is becoming more and more prominent, and the voice of the international community is getting higher and higher. Only when the global governance system adapts to the new requirements of the international economic structure can it provide a strong guarantee for the global economy.

  All countries, big or small, strong or weak, rich or poor, are equal members of the international community and should participate in decision-making, enjoy rights and fulfill obligations on an equal footing. It is necessary to give emerging market countries and developing countries more representation and voice. In 2010, the IMF’s quota reform program has come into effect, and this momentum should be maintained. We must adhere to multilateralism and safeguard the authority and effectiveness of the multilateral system. To keep promises and abide by rules, you can’t choose or choose according to your own wishes. The Paris Agreement is in line with the general direction of global development, and the results are hard-won. We should stick to it together and not give up lightly. This is our responsibility to future generations!

  Fourth, adhere to fairness and tolerance and create a balanced and inclusive development model. "The trip to the avenue is also the world’s public." The purpose of development is to benefit the people. To make development more balanced, to make development opportunities more equal, and to share the fruits of development, it is necessary to improve the development concept and model and enhance the fairness, effectiveness and synergy of development.

  We should advocate the social atmosphere of diligence, frugality and hard work, so that all people’s labor achievements can be respected. Efforts should be made to solve problems such as poverty, unemployment and widening income gap, take care of the concerns of vulnerable groups and promote social fairness and justice. We should protect the ecological environment, promote the coordinated development of economy, society and environment, and realize the harmony between man and nature and between man and society. It is necessary to implement the United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and achieve balanced development on a global scale.

  "If you do what you do, you will be invincible; What the wisdom of all people does is nothing. " As long as we firmly establish the sense of community of human destiny, work together, share responsibility, help each other in the same boat and tide over difficulties together, we will certainly be able to make the world better and people happier.

  Ladies and gentlemen, friends!

  After 38 years of reform and opening up, China has become the second largest economy in the world. The road determines fate. The key to the development of China lies in that the people of China, under the leadership of the Communist Party of China, have embarked on a development path suitable for China’s national conditions.

  This is a road established from the national conditions of our country. China, based on its own national conditions and practice, draws wisdom from Chinese civilization, absorbs the strengths of eastern and western schools, sticks to it without being rigid, draws lessons from it without copying it, and forms its own development path through constant exploration. All roads lead to Rome. No one should regard their own development path as a statue, let alone impose their own development path on others.

  This is a road that puts people’s interests first. China adheres to the people-centered development thought, taking improving people’s lives and enhancing people’s well-being as the starting point and the end result, seeking development impetus among the people, relying on the people to promote development, and making development benefit the people. China adheres to the goal of common prosperity, vigorously promotes the cause of poverty reduction, helps more than 700 million people get rid of poverty, and is making rapid progress towards the goal of building a well-off society in an all-round way.

  This is a road of reform and innovation. China persists in solving the difficulties and challenges encountered in its progress through reform, dares to gnaw at hard bones and wade into dangerous beaches, dares to break down institutional and institutional obstacles that hinder development, and constantly liberates and develops social productive forces and enhances social vitality. In the past four years, we have launched more than 1,200 reform measures on the basis of continuous reform in the previous 30 years, which has injected a strong impetus into the development of China.

  This is a road to seek common development in opening up. China adheres to the basic national policy of opening to the outside world, pursues a win-win opening strategy, constantly enhances the internal and external linkage of development, and benefits more other countries and people while realizing its own development.

  China has made great achievements in its development, and the people’s lives in China have been greatly improved, which is good for China and the world. China’s development achievements are the result of decades of hard work, blood and sweat by the people of Chinese. For thousands of years, the Chinese nation has been known for its hard work and hard work. The people of China know very well that there is no free lunch in the world. China is a big country with a population of more than 1.3 billion. If you want to develop, you have to work hard on your own, and you can’t rely on the gifts of others. No one in the world has such ability.

  Observing the development of China depends on what the people of China have gained and what the people of China have worked hard. It depends not only on what China has achieved, but also on what China has contributed to the world. This is a comprehensive view.

  From 1950 to 2016, despite its low level of long-term development and people’s living standards, China provided more than 400 billion yuan in foreign aid, implemented more than 5,000 foreign aid projects, including nearly 3,000 complete sets of projects, held more than 11,000 training courses, and trained more than 260,000 people of various types in China for developing countries. Since the reform and opening up, China has attracted more than 1.7 trillion US dollars of foreign investment and 1.2 trillion US dollars of foreign direct investment, which has made great contributions to the development of the world economy. Since the outbreak of the international financial crisis, the contribution rate of China’s economic growth to world economic growth has been above 30% annually. These figures are among the best in the world.

  From these figures, we can see that the development of China is an opportunity for the world, and China is a beneficiary and a contributor of economic globalization. China’s rapid economic growth has provided a sustained and powerful impetus to global economic stability and growth. The coordinated development of China and a large number of countries has made the global economic development more balanced. China’s great achievements in poverty reduction have made global economic growth more inclusive. China’s continuous reform and opening up has provided an important impetus for the development of an open world economy.

  The people of China are well aware of the hardships of achieving national prosperity and strength. They all praise the development achievements made by the people of other countries and wish them all the best. They all hope that their lives will get better and better, and they will not commit "red eye disease" or complain that others have gained great opportunities and rich returns from the development of China. The people of China welcome people from all countries to take the "express train" and "free ride" developed by China with open arms.

  Ladies and gentlemen, friends!

  Many people are paying attention to the economic development trend of China. China’s economic development has entered a new normal, and major changes are taking place in economic growth rate, economic development mode, economic structure and economic development momentum. However, the long-term positive fundamentals of China’s economy have not changed.

  In 2016, against the background of weak world economy, China’s economy is expected to grow by 6.7%, still in the forefront of the world. Now, the size of China’s economy can’t be compared with the past, and the kinetic energy of agglomeration can’t be reached by the past double-digit growth. China residents’ consumption and service industry have become the main driving forces of economic growth. In the first three quarters of 2016, the added value of tertiary industry accounted for 52.8% of GDP, and the contribution rate of domestic consumption to economic growth reached 71%. Residents’ income and employment have achieved steady growth, energy consumption per unit of GDP has continued to decline, and green development has achieved initial results.

  At present, China’s economy is facing certain downward pressure and many difficulties, such as the contradiction between overcapacity and upgrading of demand structure, the lack of endogenous motivation for economic growth, the accumulation of financial risks and the increase of difficulties in some areas. We believe that these are inevitable stage phenomena in the process of progress, and we are making great efforts to solve these problems and contradictions, and have continuously achieved positive results. Our firm determination to move forward will not waver. China is still the largest developing country in the world. China has a population of more than 1.3 billion, and its people’s living standard is not high, but it also means great development potential and space. Under the guidance of the development concept of innovation, coordination, green, openness and sharing, we will constantly adapt to, grasp and lead the new normal of China’s economic development, and make overall plans to stabilize growth, promote reform, adjust structure, benefit people’s livelihood and prevent risks, so as to promote China’s economy to maintain medium and high-speed growth and move towards the middle and high-end level.

  — — China will focus on improving the quality and efficiency of economic growth, change the mode of economic development around the main line of supply-side structural reform, optimize the economic structure, actively promote de-capacity, de-inventory, de-leverage, reduce costs and make up shortcomings, foster new growth momentum, develop advanced manufacturing industries, realize the upgrading of the real economy, implement the "internet plus" action plan in depth, expand effective demand, better meet people’s personalized and diversified needs, and better protect the ecological environment.

  — — China will continue to stimulate growth momentum and market vitality, intensify reforms in important areas and key links, make the market play a decisive role in resource allocation, hold the "bull’s nose" of innovation, promote the development strategy of innovation-driven development, promote the development of strategic emerging industries, focus on upgrading traditional industries with new technologies and new formats, and promote the development and growth of new kinetic energy and the rejuvenation of traditional kinetic energy.

  — — China will actively create a relaxed and orderly investment environment, relax foreign investment access, build a high-standard free trade pilot zone, strengthen property rights protection, promote fair competition, and make the China market more transparent and standardized. It is estimated that in the next five years, China will import 8 trillion US dollars of goods and absorb 600 billion US dollars of foreign investment, with a total foreign investment of 750 billion US dollars and 700 million outbound tourists. This will provide countries around the world with a broader market, more capital, richer products and more valuable opportunities for cooperation. For the industrial and commercial circles of all countries, the development of China is still an opportunity for everyone. The door of China is always open to the world and will not be closed. With the door open, the world can enter China and China can go to the world. We hope that the doors of all countries will also be open to China investors fairly.

  — — China will vigorously build a common development pattern of opening to the outside world, promote the construction of the Asia-Pacific Free Trade Area and the negotiation of regional comprehensive economic partnership agreements, and build a global network of free trade areas. China has always advocated building an open, transparent, mutually beneficial and win-win regional free trade arrangement, rather than engaging in exclusive and fragmented circles. China has no intention to enhance its trade competitiveness through RMB depreciation, let alone take the initiative to wage currency wars.

  More than three years ago, I proposed the Belt and Road Initiative. Over the past three years, more than 100 countries and international organizations have actively responded to support, and more than 40 countries and international organizations have signed cooperation agreements with China. The "circle of friends" of the Belt and Road Initiative is constantly expanding. China enterprises have invested more than 50 billion dollars in countries along the route, and a series of major projects have blossomed, which has promoted the economic development of various countries and created a large number of employment opportunities. It can be said that the Belt and Road Initiative came from China, but its effectiveness has benefited the world.

  In May this year, China will host the "One Belt, One Road" international cooperation summit forum in Beijing to discuss cooperation plans, build a cooperation platform, share cooperation achievements, find solutions to the current problems facing the world and regional economies, inject new energy into the coordinated development, and make the "One Belt, One Road" construction better benefit people of all countries.

  Ladies and gentlemen, friends!

  The development of world history tells us that there has never been a smooth road to the progress of human civilization, and human beings are advancing in the struggle against difficulties. No matter how difficult it is, it is impossible to stop the pace of human progress. When you encounter difficulties, don’t blame yourself, don’t blame others, don’t give up confidence, don’t shirk your responsibilities, but overcome them together. History is made by brave people. Let’s show confidence, take action and move forward hand in hand towards the future!

  Thank you all.

Fulin village in Qijiang: the village is beautiful, the people are rich, the industry is prosperous, and the countryside is picturesque.

Workers in Fuliu Fruit and Vegetable Farm in Fulin Village are transplanting corn seedlings. Photo by Yan Ningbo

Workers in Fuliu Fruit and Vegetable Farm in Fulin Village are transplanting corn seedlings. Photo by Yan Ningbo

Fulin Village, Dongxi Town, Qijiang District, 5 kilometers away from Dongxichang Town, has 10 villagers’ groups under its jurisdiction, with a total of 3,245 people in 961 households. In recent years, Fulin Village, taking the construction of Hemei village as an opportunity, has made continuous efforts in promoting industrial revitalization, serving the construction of major projects, and promoting the improvement of human settlements for a long time.

Prosperous industry and increasing income of the masses

At present, it is spring ploughing and sowing. In Fuliu Fruit and Vegetable Farm in Fulin Village, we can see that in the well-regulated high-standard farmland, workers are helping seedlings, covering the soil and compacting … transplanting corn seedlings into the soil, and the fields are busy. Large tracts of newly transplanted corn seedlings are green and dripping, fluttering in the sun and showing infinite vitality.

"The farm mainly grows seasonal fruits and vegetables such as corn, jar beans, green beans, lettuce, spinach, cabbage and watermelon." Peng Zongqiang, the head of Fuliu Fruit and Vegetable Farm, worked outside for a few years and had some savings in his hand. In September 2022, he responded to the call of "returning to his hometown for development" and returned to Fulin Village to transfer 46.8 mu of land to start planting fruits and vegetables at the transfer price of 500 yuan/mu.

"At that time, these lands had been transformed into high-standard farmland, and tractor roads and irrigation canals were also repaired to farms." Peng Zongqiang said that the complete infrastructure has saved a lot of time and economic costs and greatly enhanced the confidence in development. With the strong support of Murakami, the farm was soon built and put into production.

In order to increase the output of fruits and vegetables and realize large-scale and standardized production, Peng Zongqiang’s fruit and vegetable farm cooperates with Chongqing Institute of Modern Agricultural Technology and Equipment. The research institute provides technical support for the farm in soil improvement, breeding and seedling raising, fertilizer application and pest control.

"Last year, when some vegetable markets were not very good, the gross income of the farm was more than 200,000 yuan." Peng Zongqiang said frankly.

After Peng Zongqiang’s fruit and vegetable farm settled in Fulin Village, it provided employment opportunities for more than 20 villagers around. Li Yixian, 60, is one of them. As a "long-term worker" in the fruit and vegetable farm, she is responsible for turning over the soil, raising seedlings, harvesting, etc. She walks through the fruit and vegetable farm every day, which is both busy and fulfilling. "I work here, I have something to do every day, and I have a fixed income of 1,600 yuan a month." Li Yixian said.

"Next, we will cooperate with the village to build greenhouses to further expand the scale, and at the same time build corridors to turn the farm into a modern farm integrating farming experience and leisure and sightseeing, so as to drive more villagers to get rich together." Peng Zongqiang said.

In Fulin Village, Peng Zongqiang is not a case. According to Zhao Fulong, the village’s first resident secretary, in recent years, the village has continuously improved its infrastructure, introduced owners and guided farmers, and vigorously developed more than 500 mu of fruit and vegetable industries such as pepper, radish, sorghum, rape, lotus root and watermelon according to local conditions. In 2023, it achieved sales income of more than 700,000 yuan, which effectively boosted villagers’ income, and at the same time, the village collectively earned more than 50,000 yuan. In addition, the village collective also established Chongqing Xiyu Construction Labor Service Co., Ltd. to undertake projects such as canals, fire pools and village-level highway maintenance, with an annual income of over 200,000 yuan.

Service projects promote development together.

In April, at the construction site of Fulin Reservoir Project in Fulin Village, excavators waved their long arms, engineering vehicles shuttled back and forth, and construction workers performed their duties … everywhere was a scene of intense construction.

"I come here every day to have a look, and I hope it will be repaired soon." Wu Yongwan, 60, lives nearby and visits the observation deck every day. In his words, "I haven’t seen it for decades. It’s beautiful."

As a key construction project at the municipal and district levels, the total estimated investment of Fulin Reservoir Construction Project is 749 million yuan, which is a medium-sized water conservancy project with the functions of agricultural irrigation and water supply for towns and towns, and comprehensive utilization of drinking water for rural people and livestock in irrigation areas. After the project is completed and put into use, it will meet the irrigation water demand of 16,000 rural residents, 69,200 town residents and 36,800 mu of farmland in 18 villages in Dongxi, Ganshui and Zhuantang.

In recent years, Fulin Village has focused on "good governance" and made great efforts to improve the effectiveness of rural governance in accordance with the working methods of "good organization, perfect mechanism, and good publicity by the masses" and "three goodness".

Good organization means giving full play to the exemplary role of the Party organization’s fighting fortress and the vanguard of party member, demonstrating and driving villagers to be the "protagonists" in rural construction, and actively participating in the construction and development of Fulin Village. Perfecting the mechanism means establishing and perfecting the "three ones", "three musts" working method and "three guarantees" gridding mechanism, so as to resolve various contradictions and disputes in the bud and achieve "everything has an explanation, everything has a landing, and everything has an echo". The masses promote kindness, that is, fully mobilize the enthusiasm of the masses to participate in self-government, set up a "Fulin Sunset Red" volunteer service team, carry out various volunteer services around the needs of villagers, and set up a village-level parliamentary hall to form a new pattern of rural governance that "everyone has something to discuss, talk about it together, and help together when it is difficult".

Renovating the environment and "refreshing" the village face

Fangfei in April, the spring is bright and warm. A winding country road runs from the head of Fulin village to the end of the village. Along the way, surrounded by clear water, birds singing and flowers fragrant, a patchwork of houses, a clean and bright small courtyard, and a unique wall painting … what a beautiful and peaceful picture of the countryside.

"Every household builds a garden, roads are swept and garbage is collected." Speaking of Fulin Village today, Zhao Fulong is like a few treasures. Since 2022, with the support of the Agricultural and Rural Committee of Qijiang District and the government of Dongxi Town, Fulin Village has invested 2 million yuan to upgrade the overall living environment of the village. After that, Fulin Village has changed its former appearance and its face value has improved significantly.

In order to continuously consolidate the improvement effect of human settlements and create a clean, tidy and orderly human settlements, Fulin Village regards the participation of human settlements and village-level public welfare undertakings as an important criterion for party member and the masses to evaluate the quality, and actively carries out the selection of "demonstration households of human settlements", "Hemei families", "civilized households" and "sanitary households" to fully mobilize the enthusiasm of the masses and form a good situation in which everyone participates in the improvement and maintenance of human settlements.

"Now not only is the village clean, but the villagers’ consciousness has also improved." Pu Degui, a 58-year-old villager, bought a house in Chongqing and wanted him to go to the city to enjoy himself. Feeling the changes in the village in the past two years, Pu Degui said frankly: "I don’t want to go to town. If you have nothing to do, you can get flowers at home, wait for the grass, or go out and have a look, which is particularly comfortable. "

"In the next step, we will firmly seize the opportunity of the construction of Fulin Reservoir, incorporate the ladder homestay, the Four Seasons Fruit Garden and the trail around the lake into the development plan of our village, and combine the characteristics of Fulin to create an recognizable brand of Fulin agricultural tourism, promote rural revitalization, and make the villagers feel more, happier and more secure." Zhao Fulong said. (Qin Ningbo, Wang Yu, Gu E)

In 2023, the box office of China mainland movies broke 30 billion yuan.

  China News ServiceBeijing, July 14th (Reporter Gao Kai) According to the real-time data of Lighthouse Professional Edition, as of July 14th, the box office (including pre-sales) of China mainland movies in 2023 exceeded 30 billion yuan (RMB, the same below), which was close to the total box office of 30.067 billion yuan in 2022.

  According to the data of Lighthouse Professional Edition, up to now, the top five films at the box office in 2023 are: Man Jiang Hong (4.544 billion yuan), The Wandering Earth (4.029 billion yuan), Disappeared She (3.263 billion yuan), Bear with Me (1.495 billion yuan) and Octagon.

  In addition, Unfamiliar Road of Life, Speed and Passion 10, Unknown, Deep Sea and King of the Sky rank six to ten respectively.

  Since the Spring Festival this year, the domestic film market has shown a rapid recovery trend, and the box office performance of domestic films is particularly prominent. At present, among the top ten films at the box office, domestic films occupy nine of them and occupy the top five seats, which fully shows their dominant position in the cinemas in China.

  Since entering the summer file, domestic films such as Disappeared She, In an Octagonal Cage and Three Wan Li in Chang ‘an have continuously triggered a movie-watching craze here. The data shows that as of the 14th, the box office of this summer file has exceeded 7.8 billion yuan.

  On this basis, in late July, a number of films with box office appeal will be released soon, and the summer file is considered to be very likely to have further bright performance.

  Among them, the comedy "Super Family" produced by Mahua FunAge announced the final file on July 21. As of press time, the number of people who want to see the film in the lighthouse professional edition has exceeded 860,000; Directed by Dapeng and starring Bo Huang and YiBo, the drama "Enthusiasm" is scheduled for July 28th. At present, the number of people who want to see it has reached 610,000. In addition, the huge fantasy costume blockbuster "Feng Shen I" was finalized on July 20, which attracted people’s attention with its all-star cast, mysterious scenes and adaptation of the story of "Feng Shen Romance". At present, the number of people who want to see the index has reached nearly 470,000.

  The industry believes that the monthly box office in July 2023 is expected to break through the 7 billion yuan mark, creating a new box office record in the same month in China’s film history.

How to warn severe cases in COVID-19, and how to use hormones and antibiotics? Village doctors should master these points.

  The Spring Festival is approaching, and the population is flowing in large numbers, so the number of people who work in cities and return home to visit relatives for holidays will increase rapidly. This has also brought severe challenges to the treatment of rural COVID-19.

  "Grassroots medical and health institutions have undertaken a large number of tasks of first diagnosis of patients and classified management of key populations." On January 14th, Nie Chunlei, director of the Department of Primary Health and Health in National Health Commission, said that there was an imbalance in medical resources between urban and rural areas, with obvious differences, and health service resources in rural areas were relatively insufficient. "Grassroots village doctors urgently need to master the knowledge and skills of Covid-19 infection diagnosis, severe early warning and treatment, especially the use of antibiotics, hormones and small molecule drugs, so that patients can be effectively treated."

  On January 11th, the General Practice Branch of Chinese Medical Association, together with several branches, issued the "Guidelines for Diagnosis, Treatment and Service of Infections in novel coronavirus (First Edition)" (hereinafter referred to as the "Guidelines"), which elaborated on diagnosis, clinical classification, identification, treatment and treatment of severe cases.

  How to warn of moderate and severe diseases?

  "For the grassroots, the evaluation of COVID-19’s diagnosis and clinical typing is more important, and it is also the whole of the diagnosis and treatment strategy." Wu Hao, the correspondent of the Guide and dean of the School of General Practice and Continuing Education of Capital Medical University, said.

  In the evaluation of patients’ clinical typing, Wu Hao said that the majority of grassroots village doctors need to pay special attention, and the evaluation of vital signs can be carried out through a simple "four-piece set" of body temperature, respiration, heart rate and blood pressure; In the measurement of finger oxygen saturation, due to the low outdoor temperature in winter, the village doctor found that the patient’s limbs or skin were cold, and its oxygen saturation value may be less than 93%, but this does not mean that the patient is at risk, and it is necessary to judge by observing whether the lips are purple and dry.

  Imaging examination can be based on chest X-ray or CT. If there is pneumonia in COVID-19, most of it occurs in the lower lungs. If there is no CT in rural medical institutions, you can auscultate whether the patient’s lower lungs are accompanied by wet rales (if there is, CT examination is not necessary); Instead of taking X-ray chest film, you need to pay attention to the patient’s posterior and anterior and lateral films, and sometimes you can see some exudative and inflammatory lesions. Although the X-ray chest film may miss the diagnosis, if the chest film shows pneumonia, the actual situation of the patient will be more serious.

  "What needs to be repeatedly emphasized is the early warning of severe illness." Wu Hao said that the patient’s three situations indicate that it is very dangerous and may progress to severe illness. First, moderate and severe dyspnea occurred, including (meeting one of the following conditions) heart rate greater than 120 beats/min, breathing frequency greater than 30 beats/min, and breathing with an auxiliary ventilator (pay attention if the patient cannot speak a whole sentence during the consultation); Second, the oxygen saturation is lower than 93%; In addition, if the patient has chest pain, falls, changes of consciousness, low blood pressure, decreased urine output, severe vomiting or diarrhea, etc., we should also consider severe warning.

  Zhang Wenhong, director of the Department of Infectious Diseases of Huashan Hospital affiliated to Fudan University, said during the training that after the implementation of the "Class B and Class B Management" policy, it is crucial for grassroots doctors to master the transformation from Chinese diseases to severe diseases in the process of normalizing COVID-19 treatment. In particular, the clinical classification of patients was adjusted in the "novel coronavirus Infection Diagnosis and Treatment Program (Trial Tenth Edition)", instead of ordinary type, it was medium. "Light and medium-sized should be treated at the grassroots level. Therefore, the grassroots should prevent medium-sized to heavy-duty, and heavy patients need to be referred in time. "

  Zhang Wenhong said that in the clinical early warning of severe illness, one indicator has changed and it is necessary to be alert to the deterioration of the patient’s condition, that is, the patient is "hypoxic after activity; After slight activity, the oxygen saturation value is less than 94%, which can make the patient walk back and forth in the corridor. If his CRP(C-reactive protein), lactic acid and other indicators are normal, it means that the oxygen saturation value has decreased, which is also a signal of the progress of the disease.

  How to use hormones and antibiotics?

  Is it really effective for rural doctors to use the four-piece set of "antiviral+antibiotic+hormone+antipyretic"?

  Wu Hao explained that, in fact, the elderly people in rural areas were not treated in time after onset, and there was malnutrition. When he went to the clinic for medical treatment, he might be in the acute pneumonia period, and even had a bacterial infection. At this time, the village doctor will give hormone and antibiotic treatment, and the effect will be more obvious.

  Regarding whether antiviral drugs can be used for more than 7 days, Wu Hao said that the time of viremia is usually 7 days. The reason why antiviral drugs are prescribed to be used within 5 days of onset is because the earlier they are used, the greater the benefit, which also takes into account the incubation period of 1 ~ 2 days. "For the elderly and frail patients, the process of virus clearance is slow. At this time, even if the illness lasts for more than 7 days, it will still be effective to continue using antiviral drugs."

  Wu Hao further said that the use of antibiotics should also avoid blindness and should be judged with reference to the patient’s indications. For example, if the patient coughs dry or coughs white sputum, or has less sputum in the early stage, this is a viral infection; If the patient has pus or coughs yellow sputum, it is generally a bacterial infection. If the village doctor doesn’t have the above-mentioned accurate detection means, he can write it all in combination with the patient’s situation, that is, his family members are infected and have flu symptoms, and he also has lung symptoms, which is definitely viral pneumonia, but if his family members don’t have it, it is the possibility of community-acquired pneumonia.

  In order to facilitate the operation of primary doctors, the "Simplified Edition" published on January 4th referred to the "four-step" treatment of COVID-19 at the primary level: general treatment, oral small molecular antiviral drugs, glucocorticoid, oxygen therapy and respiratory support.

  Therefore, Zhang Wenhong emphasized that glucocorticoid should be used with great caution. It is suitable for COVID-19 patients with high-risk factors (older, with medium-sized clinical manifestations and evidence of disease progression). At this time, low-dose and short-term corticosteroids can be given. "Specific usage, you can use dexamethasone or prednisone, 4 ~ 6 tablets a day, eat for 3 days. Within 72 hours, the patient will face a turning point. If the patient gets better quickly, it will be reduced to 2-3 tablets and taken for another 3 days. If it is relieved later, either stop taking the medicine or use another tablet for 3-4 days. If the patient progresses to severe illness, he needs to be hospitalized for observation, and the dosage of hormones can also be increased, and the treatment plan for severe patients can be started later. "

  "On the one hand, an early British clinical study showed that the daily use of 6 mg dexamethasone in large-scale hospitalized patients in COVID-19 can reduce the mortality rate; On the other hand, our team also gives patients low doses of hormones in the early stage of severe illness, which can greatly reduce the intubation rate of patients and reduce the mortality rate. " Zhang Wenhong said.

  The Guide stipulates that glucocorticoid can be used for patients with early onset in the community, such as high-risk factors such as basic diseases and advanced age, or medium-sized patients who need oxygen therapy, after evaluating the contraindications of hormone use.

  Zhang Wenhong said that "prone position ventilation treatment" for COVID-19 patients can be operated regardless of the resources of rural medical institutions, and it is suitable for medium-sized patients with severe high-risk factors and rapid progress. This is also recommended by many respiratory and critical care experts.

  "When the patient is lying on his back, the heart and lungs are under certain pressure, and there will be problems in the proportion of ventilation blood flow. After prone, the pressure on the heart and lungs is reduced, the proportion of ventilation blood flow will be more balanced, and the physiological diseases related to inflammation of patients will also get better. " Li Yingchuan, an expert in critical care medicine and vice president of Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, explained to reporters earlier.

He changed from an air conditioner installer to a business owner.

Liu Xianbao at Work

Liu Xianbao at Work

CCTV News:21 years ago, Liu Xianbao graduated from high school. At that time, his sister was not married, his brother was unemployed at home, and his old father worked hard to keep the house alone. In order to reduce the burden on his family, Liu Xianbao came to Shanghai alone from his hometown of Wuhu, Anhui Province and became an air conditioner installer.

When he first arrived in Shanghai, Liu Xianbao rode his bicycle to install air conditioners in every house before dawn every day, and worked 15 hours a day. A year later, he realized that it is difficult to get any big gains by working hard, and only by learning excellent technology can he break into a brand-new world.

As a result, Liu Xianbao began to spend most of his savings on his studies. After work, he finds time to participate in various skills training. In 1998, Liu Xianbao was admitted to an air-conditioning company, and he jumped from a junior maintenance worker to a senior technical backbone within one year. He also accepted four apprentices as an excellent old teacher.

However, Liu Xianbao always holds such an idea in his heart: to be his own brand, run his own company and do something.

In 2002, with rich work experience, Liu Xianbao opened his own maintenance shop. Unlike ordinary repair shops, Liu Xianbao’s shop is not in the bustling street, but is wrapped in the depths of the grocery market by clothing shops and daily necessities shops. Repairing electrical appliances is generally a regular business, and it is the primary task to let residents know and convey their sincerity actively. In addition to excellent maintenance technology, retaining customers depends on a business philosophy different from others. Liu Xianbao made such a sign: free of service charge and only charge for materials.

As a result, the store’s signboard became a hit, and residents in the community took out recorders, radios and remote controls that had been in disrepair for a long time to come to Liu Xianbao for maintenance. For the elderly over 80 years old, he took the initiative to come to help repair. Because the maintenance is all small household appliances, we have not earned any money, but also posted a lot of money.

Although I lost money, I won word of mouth. Liu Xianbao’s maintenance department is getting bigger and bigger, and his public service is getting bigger and bigger.

one

Liu Xianbao (middle)

In May 2008, Liu Xianbao set up the "Spring Care" service team to help the elderly, and carried out free air-conditioning cleaning and maintenance services for elderly people and disabled families living alone in the community. As long as a phone call is made, Liu Xianbao will immediately dispatch a special person to the door for maintenance. All small household appliances are free, and everyone only charges material fees. Over the years, he has benefited hundreds of thousands of yuan and repaired more than 100,000 home appliances.

Taking care of each other is naturally the concern of the residents. In the hot summer, some residents will send Liu Xianbao an iced drink to quench thirst and dispel summer heat. In the cold winter, some residents will come and give Liu Xianbao a cup of hot water and a greeting.

Now, 43-year-old Liu Xianbao has his own company.Sub-centers have been opened in 11 towns and industrial parks in Minhang District, Shanghai, covering more than 600 communities, and public welfare services have naturally not fallen behind. He rebuilt the old family lines for the solitary, pure old and lonely old families in Jiangchuan Street, and opened the safety files of electricity and gas consumption for the elderly over 60 years old, so as to reduce the risk of fire and gas poisoning in residents’ families.With this love, he found a new neighborhood friendship, a lifelong career and a home for his soul in this city.

"When I was studying, I saw a lot of Shaw House on campus. Later, I learned that these were donated by Mr. Run Run Shaw, who has done a lot for public welfare. I want to be like him. This is my ideal. " Liu Xianbao said. (Source: CCTV Network)