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In April, 1994, China fully accessed the Internet and became the 77th member of the international Internet family. This year is the 30th year of China’s full-featured access to the Internet, and it is also an important node of "half a child".

In just 30 years of development, there are many "things" worth remembering. In the past 30 years, the Internet in China has grown from scratch, from small to large, from large to strong, and many objects, applications or platforms have been born. The value of the above objects or applications is not only in business, but also a kind of feeling, which embodies people’s long-term memory of life and emotion.

To this end, Beijing News Shell Finance and China Internet Development Foundation China Positive Energy Network Communication Special Fund launched the topic "Internet 30 Years and 30 Things". I hope that by telling the story of the landmark objects, applications or platforms in the history of Internet development in China, I can outline the evolution of Internet in China in the past 30 years and see where it will go in the future.

A network cable 30 years ago connected China to the world. Nowadays, the Internet is half-baked and China is in the ascendant after the "Internet".

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Art leader andy warhol said, "Everyone can be famous in 15 minutes" and "Everyone can be famous for 15 minutes". However, in the era of short video, it takes only 15 seconds for a person to become famous.

After nearly 20 years of development, the short video industry has experienced the evolution from the micro-film era to the mobile era, and then to the national era. It is generally judged in the industry that more and more short video platforms will begin to diversify, taking into account a variety of content and forms of expression; Industry players tend to be more concentrated, relying on the support of giants, and realizing the integration of Lian Heng through capital and resources. As a form of content expression and distribution, short video will be more and more integrated into various super applications. At the same time, with the strengthening of supervision and technological progress, the short video industry will also usher in a more compliant and broad development.

microfilm

In 2005, with the improvement of network speed and bandwidth, as well as the popularity of personal computers (PCs) and video recorders, the Internet began to enter the video era from the graphic era. Tudou, Thunder, VeryCD (electric donkey download) and other companies have been established.

It was also at the end of this year that an animator named Hu Ge edited the film "The Promise" into a short film "A Bloody Case Caused by a Steamed Bread" and detonated the network. The download volume even beat the original film "The Promise", which was considered as the embryonic form of a micro-movie. Micro-movies promote the grassroots of short videos, and inadvertently cultivate the awareness of netizens using fragmented time to shoot, make, upload and watch.

Established in 2006, Six Rooms introduced Hugo and launched his follow-up works, which brought huge traffic. With the gradual formation of video sharing atmosphere, Six Rooms, Tudou, Youku, Kuliuwang, etc. have stood in the ranks of domestic first-line video sharing websites.

Initially, these video websites were positioned as platforms for uploading and publishing original videos, which is quite similar to the concept of short video platforms today. However, at that time, user habits were still in the cultivation period, and shooting equipment and uploading costs were expensive. In 2010, Iqiyi, Youku and other players brought copyrighted content and capital into the market, and the wave of mobile Internet hit. At that time, the PC-side video sharing website was closed down or changed hands, and the six rooms gradually turned to the direction of performing arts live broadcast.

watershed

2016 can be said to be a "watershed" in the short video industry, and ByteDance’s entry is a landmark event. Before ByteDance announced "All-in Short Video", the number of short video platforms was close to 400, and Aauto Quicker, Second Shot, Watermelon Video, American Shot, Volcano Video, Tudou and other platforms quickly emerged and rushed into the first camp. They either seize the first-Mover advantage of segmentation and quickly accumulate a huge user base, or rely on Internet traffic giants.

Han Kun, one of the founders of Kuliu.com, and Zhang Hongyu, one of the founders of PPS, have been working hard in the field of short video for a long time. After Kuliu.com was acquired by Shanda.com, Han Kun founded a technology company in 2012, which is the parent company of Second Shot, xiaokaxiu and Live Broadcast, and entered the mobile video sharing. Zhang Hongyu joined Aiqiyi as PPS was acquired by Aiqiyi, and became an early investor of Second Shot. Secondhand relies on the strategic cooperation and investment relationship with Weibo, and has many stars and opinion leaders under Weibo’s banner. Most of the broadcast traffic is realized in Weibo.

Aauto Quicker was born in 2011. It was originally a tool for making moving pictures. In 2012, it transformed into a short video community and quickly accumulated influence among residents in third-and fourth-tier cities. However, Aauto Quicker said: "Aauto Quicker is not doing short videos or live broadcasts, but just wants to bring the ability of recording and sharing to everyone with technology. This technology can also be in other forms in the future. We hope that everyone can have equal opportunities for communication. "

The beauty shoot emphasizes the beauty function, the positioning is feminine and vertical, and the users are mostly women.

During the Spring Festival of 2014, hundreds of stars, including Lee MinHo, Fan Bingbing and He Jiong, gathered in Microvision to pay New Year’s greetings and broadcast them on TV in turn, which brought a small climax to Microvision: this application, which was launched in 2013, remained in the top five in the App Store for several days, with 45 million daily active users. From New Year’s Eve to the first day of the first year, millions of people released and watched short videos of New Year’s greetings through Microvision, with a total broadcast volume of hundreds of millions of times. Ten months after its launch, Microvision was established as an independent department.

ByteDance’s entry in the second half of 2016 became a watershed in the short video industry. In September 2016, ByteDance founder Zhang Yiming announced "All-in Short Video", and successively launched three short video products, namely watermelon video, volcano video and Tik Tok. According to reports, the three products have different positioning. Tik Tok is mainly a short music video for young people, volcano video is a daily life sharing platform, and watermelon is a mobile short video platform, which uses AI algorithm to push content to users.

With the strong entry of ByteDance, the short video industry has entered a new competitive pattern, and mainstream Internet companies have focused their attention on the short video field, unwilling to miss the new outlet.

The battle of giants

The "war" was first burned on the subsidy. In September 2016, Tencent and ByteDance almost simultaneously proposed their own short video subsidy plans of 1 billion yuan; In the first half of 2017, Baidu and Ali followed up. Baidu announced that it would divide the accumulated content producers into 10 billion yuan, while Ali proposed to support content creation with 2 billion yuan subsidies; In November 2017, Tencent opened its platform with 10 billion yuan of subsidies and resources at its partner conference, focusing on supporting short video entrepreneurship and even opening its own copyrighted content for producers to use; ByteDance’s watermelon video immediately announced that it would pay 2 billion yuan as the creator’s advance production fee.

At the same time as the subsidy, the platform is built. At first, BAT (Baidu, Ali, Tencent) did not set up a separate short video aggregation platform, but chose to add short video functions to their original super applications, and encouraged content providers to settle in various "accounts" to realize "one account settled in" and multi-platform distribution. Tencent’s Penguin is responsible for such functions, and Ali’s Big Fish is responsible for such functions. Baidu, Netease and Sohu have also followed suit to open various distribution accounts.

In the second half of 2017, under the temptation of the powerful broadcast volume and duration of short videos, major Internet companies also launched their own single short video platforms. In November 2017 alone, the short video industry ushered in four new products directly hatched by Internet companies, namely 360′ s "Fast Video", Baidu’s "Good Video", Tencent’s "Microvision" and Weibo’s "Cool Burning". In the first half of 2017, Ali upgraded the acquired Tudou to a short video platform. Tencent emphasizes social relations, Ali focuses on e-commerce, ByteDance plots information distribution, and Internet giants make short videos in their own good directions.

In the field of short video, capital layout has already begun. The second shot was first incorporated by the giants. In July 2013, September 2014, November 2015 and November 2016, Sina Weibo Fund invested in the parent company’s technology for four consecutive rounds, and was the lead investor in at least two rounds. At the critical moment, Weibo took Secondshot as its exclusive short video platform, helping Secondshot win the tough battle with platforms such as Meipai and Xiaoying.

Followed by Aauto Quicker, in March 2017, Aauto Quicker received $350 million in financing, and Tencent led the investment; In its tens of millions of dollars in financing in March 2016, Baidu Investment Department appeared. The veteran player "Mei Pai" belongs to Meitu, a Hong Kong-listed company. Watermelon video, volcano video and Tik Tok are big trees backed by ByteDance.

China’s Internet giants completed the power assembly of the short video sector in early 2018. From the perspective of capital, various short video platforms have embraced the giant’s thighs and "achieved each other" with resources and capital. From the perspective of application attributes, there may be few independent short video platforms in the future, and most of them are integrated into super applications as tools to attract traffic and distribute content.

Move forward in adjustment

By the end of 2019, short video traffic has basically been divided. QuestMobile data shows that as of June 2019, the number of newly installed users in the short video industry was close to 100 million, and the total monthly active users were close to 821 million, basically covering all netizens in China at that time. Among them, ByteDance (Tik Tok, Watermelon and Volcano) ranks first with nearly 600 million monthly activities after weight reduction, while Aauto Quicker ranks second with nearly 350 million monthly activities, followed by Tencent (micro-vision, hot pot) and Baidu (good-looking, all-people) with huge traffic portals.

Many commercial actions have been carried out almost simultaneously, and almost all the means of realizing advertisements, e-commerce, live broadcasts, enterprise numbers and short videos have been opened to content producers this year. Many content entrepreneurs bluntly say that it is precisely because of the "attack" of Tencent Microvision and Baidu’s good-looking videos that Tik Tok and Aauto Quicker are willing to open all these original platforms, such as e-commerce and advertising, to content entrepreneurs, so that they can get more shares in the ecology.

It can be said that short video has become the biggest outlet in the 4G era, and no giant wants to be absent. Although Tencent and Baidu were behind Aauto Quicker and ByteDance at that time, they all hoped to stay at the poker table and wait for the next outlet in the 5G era. Just one year later, "lucky" Tencent and others came to the WeChat video number, while Baidu "hastily" announced at the end of 2020 that it would acquire YY live broadcast under Huanju Group for over 3 billion yuan.

While the short video industry is in sturm und drang, the industry supervision is becoming stricter. In 2018, short video platforms such as Aauto Quicker, Volcano Video, Meipai and Tik Tok were successively ordered to be rectified by relevant departments. At that time, Tik Tok initiated the initiative of all sectors of society to jointly draft the Tik Tok Community Convention on the platform to strengthen self-discipline; At the beginning of 2019, China Network Audiovisual Program Service Association issued "Management Specification for Network Short Video Platform" and "Detailed Rules for Auditing Network Short Video Content" to guide the standardized development of the industry; In 2020, xiaokaxiu and pear videos were successively removed; The year 2021 coincides with the beginning of the 14th Five-Year Plan, and the short video industry is facing the "strongest supervision in history". The China Network Audiovisual Program Service Association issued the Detailed Rules for the Audit Standards of Network Short Video Content, which regulated and restricted the short video content in more detail.

According to the latest data, in 2023, 112,918,700 hours of Internet video programs were added, including 547,462,600 hours of short videos. Internet users watched Internet audio-visual programs (including short videos) for about 3 hours every day, and more than 750 million users uploaded short videos.

It is generally judged in the industry that more and more short video platforms will begin to diversify, taking into account a variety of content and forms of expression; Industry players tend to be more concentrated, relying on the support of giants, and realizing the integration of Lian Heng through capital and resources. As a form of content expression and distribution, short video will be more and more integrated into various super applications. At the same time, with the strengthening of supervision and technological progress, the short video industry will also usher in a more compliant and broad development.

This activity is supported by China Positive Energy Network Communication Special Fund of China Internet Development Foundation.

Beijing News Chief Reporter Bai Jinlei Editor Yue Caizhou Proofread Liu Baoqing.

According to Guangzhou CDC

Recent monitoring data show that

For nearly a month,

The level of influenza activity, mainly influenza A, continues to rise.

The momentum is rapid.

Guangzhou has entered the high incidence of influenza in spring.

What are the symptoms of influenza?

How will it spread?

How to prevent and treat it scientifically?

How to tell whether it is the flu or the common cold?

……

One article will take you all to know.

▽

What is the flu?

△ Xu Yi, Director of Internal Medicine Department and Director of Infectious Diseases Department of Guangzhou Women and Children Medical Center

Xu Yi, director of internal medicine department and director of infectious diseases department of Guangzhou Women and Children Medical Center, said that influenza, referred to as influenza, is an acute respiratory disease caused by influenza virus and belongs to Class C infectious disease. Influenza A (subtype A H1N1 and subtype A H3N2) and influenza B (strain Yamagata and strain Victoria) are the most prevalent seasonal viruses in the population. Influenza A virus is more likely to spread rapidly among people, and many large-scale outbreaks of influenza in history are related to influenza A virus. Recently, the rising level of influenza activity in many places in China is also caused by the subtype of influenza A (H1N1).

In the past three years, we have taken non-drug interventions, such as wearing masks and limiting social distance, which have effectively curbed the spread of the COVID-19 epidemic. At the same time, it also reduces the exposure to influenza in the population, resulting in the decline of pre-existing immunity in the population, which has a certain risk of influenza epidemic. In the south, there may be a single annual influenza peak from April to June every year.

In the face of influenza virus, we have two sharp weapons to "defeat the enemy": special antiviral drugs and influenza vaccine. As long as you pay attention to personal precautions and maintain good hygiene habits, the possibility of a persistent influenza pandemic is already small, so you don’t have to be nervous and afraid.

How does the flu spread?

Influenza patients and recessive infections are the main sources of seasonal influenza infection. Influenza is mainly transmitted by air droplets, and it can also be transmitted by direct or indirect contact with mucous membranes such as mouth, nose and eyes. It can also spread in the form of aerosol in a crowded, closed or poorly ventilated room.

What are the main symptoms of influenza?

The onset of influenza is urgent, and most of them are self-limited. Mainly with fever, headache, myalgia and general malaise; The body temperature can reach 39~40℃, which is often accompanied by systemic symptoms such as muscle and joint pain, fatigue and loss of appetite. Often sore throat, dry cough, nasal congestion, runny nose, discomfort behind the sternum, facial flushing, conjunctival congestion and so on. Some patients have mild or no symptoms. Mild flu is often similar to the common cold, but flu fever and systemic symptoms are more obvious.

How to distinguish

H1N1 and the common cold?

The child has flu-related symptoms

What circumstances need to be sent to the doctor in time?

1. Persistent high fever > 3 days, accompanied by severe cough, expectoration of pus, blood sputum, or chest pain;

2. Breathing frequency is fast, breathing is difficult, and the lips are cyanotic;

3. Slow response, lethargy, restlessness, etc.;

4. Severe vomiting, diarrhea, dehydration such as less urine and less tears;

5. pneumonia;

6. When the original underlying disease is obviously aggravated.

It should be emphasized that younger children must see a doctor when they have persistent high fever or ultra-high fever in the first 1-2 days of illness, and the antipyretic drugs and physical cooling effects are not obvious, or when they have convulsions.

How to treat the flu?

Generally, children are advised to stay at home and keep the room ventilated after symptoms appear. Get enough rest, drink plenty of water, and the diet should be easy to digest and nutritious. Minimize contact with others and avoid infection. The focus of treatment is to relieve flu-like symptoms such as fever and cough, and the patient’s condition should be closely observed.

Children under 5 years old or obese are more likely to have serious complications, so antiviral treatment under the guidance of a doctor as soon as possible can alleviate flu symptoms, shorten the course of flu and reduce the mortality rate of severe flu.

Remember: antibiotics and hormones are ineffective against influenza virus. )

The flu is coming

How to prevent it scientifically?

1. Personal protection: During the flu season, try to avoid going to crowded places and contacting people with respiratory symptoms; If the child has respiratory symptoms, he should rest at home, conduct health observation, and enter the park and attend classes without illness; Maintain good hygiene habits such as hand hygiene and cough etiquette.

2. Maintain environmental sanitation: keep the residence clean and ventilated, and regularly clean and disinfect key parts such as door handles and handrails.

3. Strengthen the health monitoring of collective units: schools and kindergartens should strengthen morning and afternoon inspections and full-day observation; Children with flu-like symptoms should rest at home to reduce the spread of the disease.

4. Vaccination against influenza is the first line of defense against influenza, and children over 6 months old can have protective effect after vaccination according to recommended procedures. The peak time and duration of influenza activity vary from place to place every year. In order to ensure that the recipients can get immune protection before the flu season, it is recommended to vaccinate as soon as the vaccine is available.

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Original title: "Guangzhou has entered the high incidence of influenza in spring! You need to pay attention → "

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In the summer of 2009, Pizza Hut cancelled its salad self-service in China chain stores, but foreign media seemed to have just recovered. The British "Post Online" news website analyzed and reported on the 29th of this month why Pizza Hut’s buffet salad was withdrawn in China, and listed in detail the case that Chinese became a "salad engineer" when he arrived at Pizza Hut, and concluded that "Pizza Hut could not afford to play after meeting Chinese". For the whimsy of China diners, foreign netizens also have different views. Some netizens envy and hate, "My mother Mia, it looks so good, I will do the same!" Some netizens criticized, "I don’t think we should waste food. It is said that there are still some children in China who don’t have enough to eat … …”

Foreign netizens hotly discuss Chinese Pizza Hut "Salad Tower" to force it to cancel salad self-service.

The following is the full text of the report:

A few years ago, Pizza Hut closed the salad buffet in China, and the official statement was that it was part of the menu reform. But many people think that the real reason is that the Pizza Hut diners in China can always make the Big Mac salad tower, so the cunning China diners came up with this idea.

Because compared with the generous Pizza Hut in Europe and America, the Pizza Hut in China only allows diners to help themselves with salads at the salad counter at one time. Therefore, diners in China certainly won’t waste this opportunity, which is also the only one. They invented the "salad tower" and piled up all kinds of fruits and vegetables in order to get more salads at one time.

China Diners’ "Masterpieces"

As a result, this kind of "salad tower" has become a trend. Many people post their "salad tower" on the Internet to show off, so everyone wants to surpass others and build a higher Pizza Hut "salad tower". Those "salad engineers" also shared their experience of stacking on the Internet. For example, if you want to stack the "salad tower" very high, you must first put the crispy foods such as carrots and cucumbers on the base and lay a good foundation.

Because Pizza Hut is positioned as a high-end restaurant in Asia, not a cheap fast food restaurant, when Pizza Hut restaurant in China announced that it would no longer set up its own salad service in China, people took it for granted that the "salad tower" was the cause.

Of course, after learning the bad news, Chinese seems to be more keen on building a "salad tower" to make up for the regret of the accumulation of colorless lacquers.

Kotakure website commented that Pizza Hut still kept some salad self-service in China’s capital, but this kind of play has gone out.

Foreign netizens also have different views on the whimsy of China diners. The following are excerpts from foreign netizens’ comments:

Pizza Hut "Salad Tower" — — Pure handmade

My mother Mia, it’s so awesome. It looks good. I’m going to do the same!

I think it’s better not to waste food. It is said that there are still some children in China who don’t have enough to eat … … Forget it. Forget it.

Well, it’s really incredible!

Aren’t they afraid that eating all these at once will hurt their stomachs?

Wonderful Pizza Hut "Salad Tower"

I’m not surprised at this at all. I have lived in China for three years, and sometimes when I have brunch in a five-star hotel on weekends, I am really shocked every time. Chinese always fills the plate with food, as if it were their last meal. Whether it’s salad, caviar or dessert, Chinese can eat all the food you can name, and he eats a lot.

I remember that when people went to Pizza Hut for dinner a few years ago, they had to pay extra for salad. At that time, I always put salad in a bowl, because I could take more. I think I didn’t know I was dwarfed until I went to the East. I still like the way diners in China do, and I have learned a lot from them. I often go to Pizza Hut after returning to China, and then pile up salads to make all kinds of "salad towers", and I enjoy the feeling that employees and other guests stare at me. I think I am awesome!

Chinese has never eaten western food. You see that China is full of Pizza Hut, McDonald’s and KFC, and supermarkets are full of Tesco and Wal-Mart. Have you ever seen China-branded restaurants or other chain stores in Britain and America?

God-like existence — — Pizza Hut Salad Tower

I think Chinese’s "salad tower" is the greed of a few people that has damaged the interests of many people.

This looks very unsightly. I’m curious when was the last time they ate, and why did they keep stuffing food into their mouths?

I think only people who like salad very much can take so much at a time, otherwise it will be so heavy that all the food below will be crushed, and I feel disgusting.

I have a very simple way. Salad service is charged by weight. Let’s see if they will still take so much!

Although it is short, it is full of Pizza Hut "salad tower"

I can’t figure it out. In all Pizza Huts in the United States, the food in the salad bar is full, and few people take it … … Except, of course, Pizza Hut near Los Angeles Airport.

Real men eat potatoes and meat, not salads!

Ok, this really shocked me, but the salad in Pizza Hut tastes ok, so why put so much!

Well, they really have time to do this. When it’s done, the pizza will get cold.

Teach you how to build Pizza Hut "Salad Tower" by hand.

Original post address: British Post Online, Longteng.com.

　　"It’s cold, do you want to save something to eat?"

　　"Rice and oil are easy to say. Can vegetables be eaten after a week in the refrigerator?"

　　Epidemic prevention and control has entered a normal state, but many friends have become accustomed to "hoarding" food in the refrigerator — — So, are meat and vegetables frozen or refrigerated? How many degrees is the most suitable for preservation? Can I eat it after a week?

　　Meat should be "cold" and vegetables will be "frozen"

　　The bought fish can’t be kept, and the vegetables will rot in the refrigerator for a few days. Is the meat taken home refrigerated or frozen … … "hoarding goods" not only makes the elderly scratch their heads, but also makes the young people confused.

　　"Generally speaking, the requirements for the preservation environment of various foods are different, and it is definitely not possible to stuff them all into the refrigerator." According to industry insiders, in professional supermarkets, the storage temperature of all kinds of foods is relatively fixed; Consumers pick and choose and take them home and stuff them into the refrigerator, often only to find that they have gone bad when they eat them.

　　"If you go to a big supermarket like Metro in summer, you may have to bring a thick coat to the meat sales area." The reporter learned the "best storage temperature" of different foods in Metro: frozen products are at-18℃ ~-22℃, cold meat is at 0-4℃, fish is at 12-16℃, and fruits and vegetables are at 12-14℃; Therefore, even in summer, the area where meat products are sold is very "frozen". The person in charge of the Metro member store said: "Different foods require different storage temperatures, and only by taking correct temperature control measures can the freshness, hygiene and safety of foods be guaranteed."

　　In general, the freezing temperature of household refrigerators is -18℃, while that of cold storage rooms is 0-4℃. Therefore, the cold meat bought home can be stored in the cold storage room if it is eaten soon, and there is no need to freeze it. In the current weather, fruits and vegetables don’t have to be put in the refrigerator when they are bought home. They can be stored at room temperature and eaten as soon as possible. It should be noted that even frozen food should be eaten within 90 days; The flavor and nutritional value of foods frozen for too long will be greatly reduced even if they are not "spoiled".

　　Constant temperature in the whole process is very important, and "thawing and freezing" is not advisable.

　　If you buy too much meat and freeze it, take it out and cut it, and put the rest back, okay? The answer is: no.

　　"Frozen food is easy to breed bacteria during repeated thawing and freezing." Nutrition experts said that some institutions have done relevant comparative tests, frozen and thawed the same piece of meat for four times, and carried out bacterial inspection every time. The results showed that the total number of colonies increased sharply after thawing and refreezing, and the total number of colonies in the last time was 15 times that of the first inspection.

　　The reason is that food will inhibit the growth of bacteria when it is frozen at low temperature, but in the process of thawing, with the increase of external temperature, bacteria in food will multiply rapidly; When we put the food in the refrigerator again, the low temperature environment can inhibit the growth of bacteria, but it can’t "kill" the bacteria that grew before. When it is thawed again, the bacteria will double.

　　"Big supermarkets can guarantee the ‘ of purchasing, processing and sales areas; Whole cold chain ’ But often consumers don’t care after buying it back, which will lead to food deterioration, "nutrition experts pointed out." Therefore, fresh products should be put into the freezer immediately and frozen products should be put into the freezer as soon as Metro, a supermarket that takes a "whole cold chain" approach to meat, comes home, keeping the "last link" still in the cold chain.

　　If you can’t eat it all at once, it is recommended to freeze it in small pieces and thaw as much as you eat. Whether consumers purchase frozen products or fresh ingredients themselves, it is better not to "thaw twice" after freezing. Zhang hongmei

Compilation Shu Wang Cong

Editor: Wang Duoyu

Typesetting Shu Shui Chengwen

The long-term vision for artificial intelligence (AI) is to develop AI systems that can make major scientific discoveries, learn autonomously, and acquire knowledge autonomously.

虽然“AI 科学家”（AI scientist）这一概念还只是一种理想化的愿景，但基于智能体（agent）的AI技术的发展，为开发能够进行对话、具备反思学习和推理能力的AI智能体（AI agent）铺平了道路，这些AI智能体能够协调大型语言模型（LLM）、机器学习（ML）工具、实验平台，甚至是它们的组合。

近日，哈佛大学医学院 Marinka Zitnik实验室（高尚华博士为第一作者）在 Cell 期刊发表了题为：Empowering biomedical discovery with AI agents 的文章，系统介绍了利用 AI 智能体（AI agent）推动生物医学发现。

该文章提出了这样一个观点——“AI 科学家”可以被由人类、大语言模型、机器学习模型及其他工具（例如实验平台）组成的复合AI系统所支持的 AI 智能体（AI agent）所实现。

我们将“AI 科学家”设想为具备批判性学习和推理能力的系统，它们能够通过协作智能体整合 AI 模型和生物医学工具，并与实验平台相结合，从而为生物医学研究提供助力。

生物医学 AI 智能体不是将人类排除在发现过程之外，而是将人类的创造力和专业知识与 AI 分析大量数据、探索假设空间和执行重复性任务的能力相结合。AI 智能体将能够熟练完成各种任务，规划发现工作流程并进行自我评估，以识别并解决其知识中的差距。这些智能体使用大语言模型（LLM）和生成式模型来实现结构化记忆以进行持续学习，并使用机器学习工具将科学知识、生物学原理和理论融入其中。AI 智能体可以影响从虚拟细胞模拟、可编程的表型控制到细胞回路设计以及开发新疗法等各个领域。

The first author, Dr. Gao Shanghua, received his doctorate from Nankai University and is now a postdoctoral researcher at Harvard Medical School

The complexity of biology requires the flexibility to break down complex problems into executable tasks. AI agents can break down problems into manageable sub-tasks, which are then solved by AI agents with specific functions and integrate scientific knowledge. In the near future, AI agents can accelerate the discovery process by making workflows faster and more resource-efficient.

Leveraging AI agents to advance biomedical research

The continuous development and application of data-driven models

AI agents in the biomedical field – from LLM-based AI agents to multi-agent systems that integrate AI models, tools, and physical devices

Level of autonomy of AI agents

Cases of autonomy levels for AI agents in genetics, cell biology, and chemical biology

Core terms of machine learning

Key modules in AI agents: perception, interaction, reasoning, and memory modules

Components of a biomedical AI agent

The challenges of AI agents in biomedical discovery

AI agents can improve the efficiency of routine tasks, automate repetitive processes, and analyze large datasets to outperform current human-driven efforts in scale and accuracy. This automation allows for continuous, high-throughput research that human researchers cannot conduct individually at the same scale or speed.

Looking to the future, AI agents can provide insights beyond what traditional machine learning can achieve by making predictions across temporal and spatial scales before obtaining experimental measurements at both temporal and spatial scales. Ultimately, AI agents may help uncover new patterns of behavior in biological systems.

Original link:

https://www.cell.com/cell/fulltext/S0092-8674 (24) 01070-5

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From 0: 00 to 24: 00 on May 8, there were no newly reported local confirmed cases, suspected cases and asymptomatic infected persons.

From 0: 00 to 24: 00 on May 8, there were no new reports of imported confirmed cases, suspected cases and asymptomatic infected persons.

Yan’ an Baota district coping with epidemic prevention and control work headquarters

About announcing the addition of a close contact

Announcement of main activity tracks

On May 6th, according to the information feedback from the regional investigation platform of Shaanxi Province, one person in Baota District of Yan ‘an City was a passenger in the same carriage as the first screening positive person in COVID-19, Henan Province, and was judged as a close contact of the first screening positive person in COVID-19. At present, centralized isolation medical observation has been implemented in Baota District. Now the main activity track of this close contact in Baota District is notified as follows:

According to epidemiological investigation, the main activity tracks of close contacts are as follows:

May 5: From 10: 23 to 14: 02, Xi ‘an Railway Station arrives at Yan ‘an Railway Station by K5446 train (No.21 middle berth in 3 carriages); From 14: 30 to 15: 00, eat at the haggis restaurant next to the railway station; At 15:20, check into Yilai Hotel opposite the railway station; 20:20-20:51 Dinner at Hujia Laoda Meat Sandwich Shop near Yilai Hotel.

May 6th: Dine in the restaurant on the second floor of Yilai Hotel at 8:30; 9:48-12:30 Yinjiagou Real House activity; 12:45-13:05 Dining with spicy liver on the opposite side of Ouyada Building Materials Market in Yinjiagou Triumph City; 13:10-15:00 Yinjiagou Arc de Triomphe Ouyada Building Materials Market Activity; 15:12-15:50 Moon Star Home Market Activities on 100m Avenue; 16:11-16:53 Daming Palace Building Materials Market (Xincheng Store) activity; At 17:25, he returned to Yilai Hotel, and then he was placed in centralized isolation for medical observation.

Please take the initiative to report to the unit, the residential community (village) or the disease control department in a timely manner, and implement the 7-day health monitoring and 3 times (the first, fourth and seventh days) nucleic acid detection measures. At the same time, the general public are requested to pay attention to the information released by the relevant authorities at any time, not to believe in rumors, not to spread rumors, to further raise their awareness of personal protection, to wash their hands frequently, to wear masks, and to maintain a safe social distance. Those who conceal, falsely report or fail to cooperate with the control and control, resulting in the spread of the epidemic, will be investigated for legal responsibility according to law.

Xi’ an CDC issued a reminder

At present, there are many local epidemics in COVID-19, and the situation of prevention and control is still severe and complicated. Hou Tiejun, an expert on immunization planning at the Center for Disease Control and Prevention in Xi ‘an, reminded that with the popularity of Omicron mutant, there will be more and more asymptomatic infected people because of its characteristics of faster spread and stronger concealment, and the improvement of vaccination coverage. If asymptomatic infected people return home, it is bound to bring infection risk to the elderly at home.

At present, the national vaccination strategy is based on high-risk groups and key groups, and finally gradually transition to the elderly over 60 years old. "Vaccination with Covid-19 vaccine is still an effective means of protection at this stage, especially to accelerate the Covid-19 vaccination rate for the elderly, especially the very old. Only by improving the vaccination rate of the elderly can we truly win the initiative and win time for the prevention and control of the epidemic. " Hou Tiejun said.

Vaccination can effectively reduce the elderly.

Morbidity and mortality in COVID-19

According to the epidemic situation in other regions and provinces in China, the mortality rate and hospitalization rate of the elderly are very different whether they are vaccinated or not, especially the mortality rate can be more than ten times. If the elderly are not vaccinated or vaccinated with booster shots, such a population will lead to an increase in the overall incidence. Therefore, experts suggest that if the elderly have no absolute contraindications to vaccines, they should take the initiative to vaccinate COVID-19 vaccine as soon as possible.

In modern society, transportation is more convenient and people flow more frequently. No place is isolated from viruses. Hou Tiejun said, "At present, the mutated virus imported in some areas is highly contagious, and some cases have atypical clinical manifestations or even asymptomatic infected people. Even if the elderly do not go out at home or live in remote rural areas, they may still be infected with the virus. Especially if other people in the family work and study outside and have more opportunities to contact with others, it is possible to bring the virus home and cause infection in the elderly. " Therefore, in order to avoid threatening the lives of the elderly and causing a burden to the family and society, the elderly should also "take over everything" as soon as possible, which is to protect themselves and others.

It is also very necessary for the elderly to get booster shots. According to the research results on the safety, immunogenicity, effectiveness and immune persistence of the vaccine, at present, one dose of booster immunization is recommended for people over 18 years old who have completed basic immunization with inactivated vaccine and adenovirus vector vaccine in China, and it has been implemented nationwide. Because the immune function of the elderly is relatively weak, the antibody level and protective effect produced by people over 60 years old after completing the basic vaccine immunization are relatively lower than those of people aged 18 to 59, and once infected, the proportion of severe and critical diseases is also high. Therefore, it is suggested that the elderly should not only complete the whole process of basic immunization as soon as possible, but also strengthen immunization six months after the completion of basic immunization in order to obtain better protection effect. Studies have shown that the risk of serious illness and death caused by Covid-19 infection can be reduced by more than 90% after the elderly are vaccinated with booster immunization.

"Homologous" and "Sequential" Strengthening Methods

Can effectively prevent viruses.

So should the elderly choose homologous immunization or sequential immunization? In this regard, Hou Tiejun said that homologous booster vaccination means that the vaccine with the same technical route used in the original basic immunization is used to complete booster vaccination. Simply put, the inactivated vaccine was used before and the third booster vaccine was continued. Sequential immunization booster vaccination, that is, the booster vaccination is completed with a vaccine with a different technical route from that used in the original basic immunization. "For example, after the inactivated vaccine, we use adenovirus vaccine to strengthen. In this case, we can choose the booster according to the vaccine situation of the outpatient clinic, the specific actual situation of the recipient, and the actual advice of the pre-inspection doctor. However, both strengthening methods can effectively prevent viruses. We also appeal to elderly friends who have not been vaccinated to get vaccinated as soon as possible. "

Some elderly people mistakenly think that they are older and are more likely to respond to vaccination. But it turns out that the adverse reaction rate of the elderly after vaccination is far lower than that of the young. Because the old people’s immune system sensitivity is relatively low compared with young people, and they are less likely to respond. At present, the oldest person vaccinated abroad is 106 years old, and China is 109 years old. China has vaccinated more than 3 billion doses, and the results prove that it is very safe for the elderly to vaccinate.

For the elderly people with basic diseases

What should I pay attention to when vaccinating Covid-19 vaccine?

First, when the elderly are vaccinated, if they have a basic disease, it is recommended to vaccinate in a stable period. If they are not sure, it is recommended to consult a vaccination doctor or a clinician to assess whether they can be vaccinated with Covid-19 vaccine.

Second, know the vaccination process and related knowledge in Covid-19 in advance, and make an appointment in advance to avoid the fatigue and tension caused by the elderly waiting too much at the scene. During the vaccination process, it is recommended that the elderly be accompanied by their families to prevent accidents and falls.

Finally, the elderly need to stay under observation for 30 minutes after being vaccinated with Covid-19 vaccine. If you feel unwell after vaccination with Covid-19 vaccine for a long time, you are advised to seek medical advice as soon as possible. If you suspect that it is related to Covid-19 vaccine, you should also report it as soon as possible.

Source: Shaanxi Provincial Health and Health Commission

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Original title: "Emergency search! The trajectory involves Xi ‘an Railway Station, restaurants, building materials market, and the latest bulletin of Shaanxi Provincial Health and Health Commission! 》

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Cumulatively reported more than 170 million doses of COVID-19 vaccine.

By April 13th, 2021, 31 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government) and Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps had reported a total of 175.623 million doses of Covid-19 vaccine.

Recently, National Health Commission held a news briefing, inviting the responsible persons and experts of vaccination to popularize knowledge about vaccination in COVID-19 and answer questions from reporters.

How effective is China’s vaccine in protecting foreign mutant Covid-19? Yin Weidong, chairman of Beijing Kexing Zhongwei Biotechnology Co., Ltd., said that virus variation had been taken into account when developing vaccines. The R&D team has obtained the mutant Covid-19 strains from South Africa and Brazil. Through experiments, it is found that the vaccine in China can effectively neutralize these two strains, presumably playing a protective role.

"It is necessary to promote vaccination in COVID-19 on a large scale and form an immune barrier." Shao Yiming, a researcher at China CDC, analyzed that at present, compared with some countries, the epidemic situation in China has been effectively controlled, and the epidemic situation in COVID-19 outside China is very serious, so China is facing greater pressure to import the epidemic situation. With foreign countries, especially European and American countries, controlling the epidemic through vaccination and strengthening prevention and control, the global mobility will be released, and the risk of our people will increase greatly, because there is a huge immunization gap with foreign countries. We should grasp this window period, vaccinate on a large scale according to the order recommended by the government, and build an immune barrier, so as to effectively resist the risk of imported epidemic.

"From a scientific point of view, it is safe for the elderly to be vaccinated." Shao Yiming said that recent research has collected more and more data on the protection of vaccines for the elderly, and no problems have been found. For the elderly with basic diseases, if the disease is in the onset stage, it is best to communicate with the vaccination doctor before vaccination and follow the arrangement of the vaccination doctor. "After large-scale vaccination, some people have common side effects such as redness, induration and pain at the vaccination site, which is a normal phenomenon of vaccination." Shao Yiming said.

Yin Weidong said that National Medical Products Administration’s conditionally approved COVID-19 vaccine is allowed to be used in people over 18 years old, indicating that people over 60 years old can use it. The company has taken the elderly over 60 years old as the main object of vaccine clinical research, and the research results have been published in The Lancet. The results show that the antibody positive conversion rate of the elderly after vaccination is nearly 100%, which is almost the same as that of other people.

Wang Huaqing, chief expert of immunization program of China CDC, believes that the research shows that cancer patients have poor resistance, and the severe disease rate and mortality rate of COVID-19 are high, so they should take the lead in vaccination. However, due to the effective prevention and control of epidemic situation in China, the risk of infection of such people is extremely low. Before vaccination, whether the tumor patient is in the acute stage of onset can be judged by the vaccination doctor.

Is it necessary for ordinary people to test antibodies after vaccination with Covid-19 vaccine? Andy On, chief physician of the Center for Immunization of China CDC, said that after people are vaccinated, there is no need to do antibody testing. In the clinical trial stage of the vaccine, researchers have already done antibody tests, and only when the vaccine is effective can it pass the tests and finally go on the market. It is not necessary for ordinary people to test again. Antibody detection requires a strict laboratory environment, and ordinary people do it privately, and the results may not be accurate because they do not have the laboratory conditions. (Reporter Shen Shaotie)

　　BEIJING, Nov. 30 (Xinhua) Title: Comrade Supreme Leader published an article in Guangming Daily on June 21, 2005: "Carry forward the" Red Boat Spirit "and Walk in the Forefront of the Times"

　　Editor’s Note: On June 21st, 2005, the supreme leader comrade, then secretary of Zhejiang Provincial Party Committee, published an article in Guangming Daily entitled "Carrying forward the Red Boat Spirit and Keeping Ahead of the Times", which first put forward and explained the "Red Boat Spirit" and expounded the Communist Party of China (CPC)’s original spirit. On October 31, 2017, the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China closed only one week. General Secretary of the Supreme Leader led the new CPC The Politburo Standing Committee (PSC) to Shanghai and Jiaxing, Zhejiang Province, to pay tribute to the site of the First Congress of the Communist Party of China and Jiaxing Red Boat, review the history of party building, review the pledge of joining the Party, and declare the firm political belief of the new CPC Central Committee leadership.

　　The red boat waves, and the spirit gathers people’s hearts. The spirit of the red boat shows a spiritual monument that will never fade. Today, we republish this important article written by General Secretary of the Supreme Leader in those days, aiming at Do not forget your initiative mind, keeping in mind his mission, revisiting the spirit of the Red Boat, strengthening his ideals and beliefs, further promoting the study, propaganda and implementation of the spirit of the 19th Party Congress, and providing a strong spiritual impetus for realizing the goal put forward by the 19th Party Congress and the Chinese dream of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.

　　Carry forward the "Red Boat Spirit" and walk in the forefront of the times

　　Supreme leader

　　At the beginning of August, 1921, the first National Congress of communist party, China was successfully concluded on a cruise ship in Nanhu, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, solemnly announcing the birth of the Communist Party of China (CPC). This cruise ship has thus gained a name that will never go down in the history of China’s revolution — — Red boat.

　　The Red Boat witnessed the epoch-making events in the history of China and became the symbol of the source of China revolution. The Red Boat has always been admired by people, especially communist party people. In 1960s, Comrade Dong Biwu, the representative of the First Congress of the Communist Party of China, revisited Nanhu twice and improvised poems. Since the reform and opening-up, Deng Xiaoping, Jiang Zemin, Hu Jintao and other party and state leaders have paid close attention to the birthplace of the Party, or paid tribute to the Red Boat, or wrote inscriptions in their own hands, encouraging us to "March forward courageously along the revolutionary waterway opened by the South Lake Red Boat". In October 2002, after I was transferred to Zhejiang, I made a special trip to Jiaxing Nanhu to pay tribute to the Red Boat and receive revolutionary spirit education with infinite reverence. On the first working day after the Spring Festival this year, members of the theoretical learning center group of Zhejiang Provincial Party Committee came to Nanhu to pay tribute to the Red Boat and held a special study meeting on educational activities to maintain the advanced nature of Communist party member. During the advanced education activities, thousands of Communist party member came to Nanhu from all parts of the motherland to watch an exhibition, listen to a party class, learn about party constitution, watch a feature film, pay tribute to a red boat and review a pledge to join the Party. Jiaxing city has extensively carried out the "Red Boat Spirit" discussion activities with "spiritual inheritance and ideological sublimation" as the main content, which has effectively promoted the advanced education activities.

　　The red boat waves, and the spirit gathers people’s hearts. What the red boat represents and shows is the height of the times, the direction of development, the beacon of endeavor, and an indelible spiritual monument cast in the hearts of Chinese children. Together with Jinggangshan spirit, Long March spirit, Yan ‘an spirit and Xibaipo spirit, the "Red Boat Spirit", along with the glorious course of China revolution, constitutes a powerful spiritual force and precious spiritual wealth for our party to overcome all kinds of difficulties and risks and win new victories on the road ahead. For more than 80 years, the "Red Boat Spirit" has always inspired and inspired our party to stand at the height of history, walk in the forefront of the times, be brave as a helmsman, lead the course, and constantly win one victory after another in revolution, construction and reform.

　　Red boat spirit "— — The source of the party’s advanced nature

　　A big party was born in a boat. From then on, the Communist Party of China (CPC) led the revolutionary ship, breaking waves and creating the world, which made the China revolution look brand-new. Great revolutionary practice produces great revolutionary spirit. The "Red Boat Spirit" is the source of China’s revolutionary spirit: the fine traditions and revolutionary spirit formed in the history of communist party, China, are all directly related to it. As the vanguard of the working class in China and the Chinese nation, the Communist Party of China (CPC) has always represented the development requirements of China’s advanced productive forces, the direction of China’s advanced culture, and the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the people, playing an irreplaceable leading role in promoting the historical progress of China. As clearly pointed out in the report of the 16th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the advanced nature of the Party "ultimately depends on the Party’s role in promoting historical progress". The red boat is a symbol of being in the forefront of the times, and the "red boat spirit" fully embodies the spirit of being in the forefront of the times, which also embodies the advanced nature of the party and is the source of its advanced nature.

　　Along the course of the Red Boat, the Communist Party of China (CPC) has always stood at the forefront of the development of history and times with the pioneering spirit of pioneering and being the first. Old China in the 1920s was a semi-feudal and semi-colonial society. The October Revolution brought us Marxism–Leninism, and the working class stepped onto the political stage during the May 4th Movement, which made ideological and organizational preparations for the birth of the Communist Party of China (CPC). It was in line with the historical mission of seeking national independence and people’s liberation that the Communist Party of China (CPC) bravely stood at the forefront of social and historical development and was declared on the South Lake Red Boat, thus turning a new page in the history of China revolution. In this regard, Comrade Mao Zedong called it "an epoch-making event". Comrade Dong Biwu gladly wrote in his revisiting the old place: "The Yanyu Loutai Revolution was born, and there was a spark here; The world of clouds and clouds rises every spring, and there are rumors everywhere. " The single spark ignited by the red boat in South Lake has formed a prairie fire of the China revolution, which makes the four seas churn and the five mountains shake. Our party moved from here to Jinggangshan, to Yan ‘an and to Xibaipo, from a party that led the people in their struggle to seize political power to a party that led the people to master political power and be in power for a long time.

　　The Communist Party of China (CPC) raised the sails of the red boat and, with firm ideals and indomitable spirit of struggle, was determined to push forward the revolution and construction of China. The Communist Party of China (CPC) is an advanced political party armed with Marxist theory. The birth of the Communist Party of China (CPC) gave the China Revolution a firm ideal and belief and a strong spiritual pillar. In the turbulent revolutionary tide, the Red Boat is rising, and so is the faith of communist party people. At the beginning, the Party’s "First Congress" was held in white terror, and it was transferred from Shanghai to Jiaxing to complete the mission of creating the Communist Party of China (CPC) on the South Lake Red Boat, relying on firm ideals and beliefs and indomitable revolutionary spirit. After that, in the long-term and arduous struggle, our party went through twists and turns without fear of danger, was repeatedly tested without changing its original intention, from small to large, from weak to strong, and relied on firm ideals and beliefs and indomitable revolutionary spirit. Regardless of the wind and waves, the Communist Party of China (CPC) people are not afraid of rapids and rapids, and they have always been firm in their ideals and beliefs. With the dauntless heroism of overwhelming all enemies and overcoming all difficulties, they are determined to push forward China’s revolution and construction.

　　With the will of the Red Boat and the dedication of building the Party for the public and being loyal to the people, the Communist Party of China (CPC) strives to safeguard, realize and develop the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the people. "In the revolutionary sound, the workers and peasants were born to celebrate the Communist Party". From the day of its birth, the Communist Party of China (CPC) never had his own selfish interests, but took the welfare of the people wholeheartedly as the fundamental purpose. Close contact with the masses is a remarkable sign that our party is different from any other political party. Sailing on the water and being loyal to the people have become a red line that runs through the whole process of China’s revolution and construction, and it is also the essence of "Red Boat Spirit". With the sacred responsibility and lofty mission of working for the interests of the people, the Communist Party of China (CPC) people, with their own personal efforts, publicize, mobilize and lead the people of all ethnic groups throughout the country to unite as one, help each other with one heart and fight bravely, and constantly safeguard, realize and develop the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the people in the process of promoting China’s revolution and construction.

　　The pioneering spirit of pioneering the world, daring to be the first, the indomitable spirit of struggle, the dedication of building the party for the public and loyalty for the people are the source of China’s revolutionary spirit and the profound connotation of the "Red Boat Spirit". If we want to hold high the great banner of Theory of Three Represents and always maintain the Party’s advanced nature, we must always remember our Party’s "mother ship", relive the historical vicissitudes of the Red Boat, maintain the Party’s advanced nature in inheriting and carrying forward the "Red Boat Spirit", and further inspire the faith and strength to fight for the cause of Socialism with Chinese characteristics.

　　"Red Boat Spirit" is of great significance to the construction of the Party’s advanced nature.

　　In the new century and new stage, China has embarked on the great journey of building a well-off society in an all-round way and accelerating socialist modernization. Maintaining the party’s advanced nature is faced with both new requirements and new tests. Under the new situation, inheriting and carrying forward the "Red Boat Spirit" is of great theoretical and practical significance for strengthening the party’s advanced construction, further consolidating the party’s ruling position and completing the party’s ruling mission.

　　The "Red Boat Spirit" is a powerful ideological weapon that inspires us to grasp the theme of this era and the party’s top priority in governing and rejuvenating the country, and to boldly explore, innovate and start a business. Development is a major theme of today’s era, and it is also the top priority of the party in governing and rejuvenating the country. To strengthen the party’s advanced construction, the first task is to improve the ability of leading development. Nowadays, the world is undergoing profound changes, and the competition of comprehensive national strength is becoming increasingly fierce. In the process of building a well-off society in an all-round way, many unprecedented new situations and problems have emerged in China. The "Red Boat Spirit" shows us that in the process of social development, we can’t stick to the old ways and carve a boat for a sword. We must bravely stand on the forefront, dare to be the first, and keep the vitality and vitality of the party forever with the spirit of innovation. Faced with new challenges, new opportunities, new situations and new tasks, we must uphold and carry forward the "Red Boat Spirit", have the courage and wisdom to break through our predecessors, consciously overcome the ideological concepts of being content with the status quo and not making progress, persist in arming our minds with innovative theoretical achievements, plan our work with innovative ideas, firmly hold on to development, keep pace with the times, blaze new trails, and constantly advance the great cause of building Socialism with Chinese characteristics.

　　The "Red Boat Spirit" is a powerful spiritual pillar that inspires us to strengthen the communist ideal and Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s belief, and to work hard despite difficulties and dangers. China’s revolutionary ship reached the other side of success in stormy waves, and the voyage of China’s reform and construction will not be smooth sailing. Building Socialism with Chinese characteristics is an unprecedented creative undertaking, and building a well-off society in an all-round way is an unprecedented and arduous grand undertaking, which is full of difficulties and various risks in the long journey of promoting its development. The "red boat spirit" shows us that if we don’t advance, we will retreat. In the face of our basic national conditions and the historical mission of our party, without firm ideals and the belief of winning, without the mental state of not being afraid of hardships and making great efforts, and the style of hard work and tenacious struggle, it will be difficult to overcome the difficulties on the road ahead and the risks and challenges on the road ahead. We must adhere to and carry forward the "Red Boat Spirit", strengthen our ideals and beliefs, enhance our sense of hardship, be prepared for danger in times of peace, observe the world and judge the situation with the mind and vision of communist party people, be conscientious, down-to-earth, not afraid of difficulties, persevere, and work hard to write a new chapter in building a well-off society in an all-round way and accelerating socialist modernization.

　　The "Red Boat Spirit" is a powerful moral force that urges us to keep in mind the essential requirements of building the party for the public, governing for the people and serving the people wholeheartedly. As a Marxist political party, since its birth, our party has taken the liberation of all mankind and the realization of communism as its own responsibility and the fundamental purpose of serving the people wholeheartedly. Insisting on building the Party for the public and governing for the people, and always maintaining the flesh-and-blood ties between the Party and the people are the inherent political qualities and the highest political ethics of Marxist political parties, and are the fundamental yardstick for measuring the advanced nature of the Party. The "Red Boat Spirit" shows us that the relationship between the party and the people is just like the relationship between a boat and water. "Water can carry a boat or overturn it." In the revolutionary war years, it was under the guidance of the "Red Boat Spirit" that our party, proceeding from the national justice and the fundamental interests of the people, fully mobilized and relied on the people to seize political power, and since then it has become the ruling party that has held political power throughout the country and has been in power for a long time. Since the reform and opening up, our party has experienced the double test of governance and reform and opening up. Whether the Party’s advanced nature can always be maintained and whether the Party’s ruling position can be continuously consolidated depends on the people’s trust and support for the Party, which in turn depends on whether our Party can practice the essential requirements of building the Party for the public and governing for the people, and whether our Party can unite and lead the people to be pragmatic and pragmatic. We must keep in mind "We should continue to carry forward the "red boat spirit", unswervingly seek the interests of the overwhelming majority of the people, adhere to the political morality that people’s interests are above all else, and truly achieve political achievements that are conducive to the cause of the party and the people.

　　Inheriting and Carrying Forward the "Red Boat Spirit" in the New Practice

　　The "Red Boat Spirit" is a historical proof of our party’s persistence and practice of its own advanced nature during its founding. Just as the party’s advanced nature is not innate and once and for all, the "red boat spirit" is also concrete and historical. We should put the "Red Boat Spirit" through the practice of establishing and implementing Scientific Outlook on Development, building a harmonious socialist society and strengthening the Party’s advanced construction. Grasping this point will fundamentally grasp the essence and core of the "red boat spirit" and at the same time grasp the true meaning of the party’s advanced nature.

　　The red boat set sail in Zhejiang, which has both historical contingency and historical inevitability. This is the glory of Zhejiang and the spiritual strength to promote its development. In connection with the reality of Zhejiang, if we want to inherit and carry forward the "Red Boat Spirit" in the new practice, we must combine the ongoing educational activities to maintain the advanced nature of Communist party member, hold high the ideal sails, paddle hard, ride the wave of reform and opening up, and conscientiously implement the requirements put forward by General Secretary Hu Jintao for Zhejiang’s work, "strive to be in the forefront in the process of building a well-off society in an all-round way and accelerating socialist modernization", so as to learn in depth, seek new places and do it in practice.

　　First, we should thoroughly implement the "Eight-Eight Strategy" and strive to be at the forefront in establishing and implementing Scientific Outlook on Development. Scientific Outlook on Development is the fundamental guide for Zhejiang to achieve faster and better development, and it is the concrete practice for Zhejiang to implement Scientific Outlook on Development by thoroughly implementing the "Eighth Five-Year Strategy" of "giving full play to eight advantages and promoting eight measures". We should constantly deepen our understanding of Scientific Outlook on Development, constantly improve our consciousness and firmness in guiding practice with Scientific Outlook on Development, constantly promote the deepening and concretization of the Eighth Five-Year Plan, pay more attention to overall planning and strengthening weak links in economic and social development, pay more attention to the quality and efficiency of economic growth, pay more attention to people-oriented, and realize and safeguard the vital interests of the broad masses of the people. We must persist in grasping the overall situation of economic development in implementing the central macro-control policy, correctly handle the relationship between giving play to the role of market mechanism and strengthening government macro-control to ensure stable and rapid economic development. We should take the initiative to promote the adjustment of economic structure and the transformation of growth mode, take the improvement of independent innovation ability as the central link of structural adjustment, put the construction of an economical society in an important position, take the overall planning of urban and rural development as the focus of solving the problems concerning agriculture, rural areas and farmers, take the acceleration of the construction of advanced manufacturing bases and the development of modern service industry as the breakthrough point of structural adjustment, and take deepening reform and opening up as the fundamental driving force to promote the development of Zhejiang at a higher level.

　　Second, we should build a "safe Zhejiang" in an all-round way and strive to be at the forefront in building a harmonious socialist society. Building a harmonious socialist society is a new strategy and measure put forward by our party to build Socialism with Chinese characteristics according to the new requirements of the development of social practice and the new needs of people’s production and life. Zhejiang has good conditions in building a harmonious socialist society. In particular, the specific practice of building a "safe Zhejiang" has laid a working foundation for building a harmonious society in our province and accumulated useful experience. We should take the construction of "Safe Zhejiang" as the carrier and actively build a harmonious society with the characteristics of China, the times and Zhejiang. It is necessary to build "Zhejiang ruled by law", develop socialist democratic politics and provide legal guarantee for building a harmonious society. It is necessary to speed up the construction of a cultural province, enhance the soft power that constitutes Zhejiang’s comprehensive competitiveness, and provide intellectual and spiritual support for building a harmonious society. We should adhere to the principle of "giving priority to efficiency and giving consideration to fairness", stimulate the vitality and creativity of social development, promote social fairness and justice, further do a good job in caring for people’s production and life, especially helping people in need, constantly improve the social security and social assistance system, and create a good atmosphere for building a harmonious society. It is necessary to strengthen social construction and management, and strive to form a social management pattern of party Committee leadership, government responsibility, social coordination and public participation.Attach great importance to and do a good job in maintaining social stability and provide a good social order for building a harmonious society.

　　Third, we must earnestly enhance our ruling ability and strive to be at the forefront in strengthening the party’s advanced construction. The construction of the Party’s advanced nature is the fundamental construction related to the Party’s survival, development and expansion. We should do a good job in maintaining the advanced education activities of Communist party member, put the requirement of "walking in the forefront" throughout the whole process of advanced education activities, make planning work have the consciousness of "walking in the forefront", learn and mobilize the content of "walking in the forefront", analyze and evaluate the standards of "walking in the forefront", rectify and improve the requirements of "walking in the forefront", and strive to solve the outstanding problems, so as to truly make the advanced education activities in our province become the promotion of party organizations at all levels. It is necessary to promote all the work of party building in the spirit of reform, focus on the primary task of deepening theoretical arms, thoroughly study how to comprehensively implement the requirements of "true learning, true understanding, true belief and true use", and firmly build Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s ideals and beliefs; Focusing on the overall requirement of building a contingent of high-quality cadres, we will thoroughly study some difficult problems in selecting and employing people, managing talents by the Party, evaluating political achievements, promoting and demoting, managing and supervising, and grass-roots foundation, and strive to make breakthroughs, create characteristics, and produce results;Focusing on maintaining the flesh-and-blood ties between the Party and the people, we will thoroughly study how to comprehensively implement the requirements of seeking truth and being pragmatic, further change the style of work, and promote the building of a clean and honest party style and anti-corruption work. At the same time, the system construction should run through the party’s ideological, organizational and work style construction.

　　In a word, we should inherit and carry forward the "Red Boat Spirit" in the new practice, and under the encouragement and encouragement of the "Red Boat Spirit", we should constantly strengthen the sense of being in the forefront, effectively embody the requirement of "being in the forefront" in the mental state, implement it in the standards of measurement, and implement it in all work, make persistent efforts, take advantage of the situation and strive to make positive contributions to the overall situation of the country.

Cai Jiming is a professor in Tsinghua University. He has been engaged in teaching and scientific research for many years. From one day in 2007, Cai Jiming suddenly found that his life had changed dramatically because of Baidu Post Bar, a product of Baidu. The people who scolded him seemed to be overwhelming.

One day at the end of 2007, Professor Cai Jiming of Tsinghua University suddenly received a phone call, which made extremely bad personal insults to Professor Cai Jiming’s wife and Professor Cai Jiming’s daughter, and also abused Professor Cai Jiming’s ancestors, the school and even the democratic parties. Cai Jiming hasn’t figured out what’s going on, and then, there’s a cell phone message coming. The content of the short message is also an abuse and personal attack on Professor Cai Jiming.

Not only mobile phones and e-mails, but even at home, people keep calling home to harass. One of them, He Jinsong, sent him more than 30 insulting messages.

Cai Jiming described the scene at that time: "I sent more than 30 short messages to my mobile phone and made countless anonymous calls. He sent a text message and then dialed a phone to prove that the phone dialed your message and received it. How bad it was, and then he sent me an email. "

Professor Cai wondered why so many people came to scold him all at once. How did you leak your personal information? Later, many students and friends told him that Mr Cai would go and have a look. There is a Cai Jiming in Baidu Post Bar, and your phone number, mobile phone and email address are all posted on it.

After listening to the students, Cai Jiming immediately visited Baidu Post Bar. I don’t know if I don’t see it. This look really startled him.

Baidu has a post bar named after the word Cai Jiming. bar owners begins with the meaning that people who are dissatisfied with the holiday system and want to scold Cai Jiming can post here. In this bar in Cai Jiming, there are a lot of posts about personal attacks, abuse, insults and even language threats, with a number of more than 3,000 posts and more than 600 topics. Some even combine Professor Cai’s head with animal portraits.

Originally, Cai Jiming was entrusted by the central leadership of the Democratic Progressive Party to set up a research group on holiday system reform in Tsinghua University, mainly to study how to reform our holiday system at that time. How to break down the long holidays into short holidays, and allocate the legal holidays saved to the traditional festivals of Qingming Mid-Autumn Festival and Dragon Boat Festival.

After the State Council decided to cancel the announcement of the May 1 Golden Week, some opponents took Cai Jiming as the object of venting their grievances, and Baidu Post Bar became a gathering place for these people. Because there are a lot of insulting and abusive posts in Baidu Post Bar, and his personal information is also leaked through Baidu Post Bar, Cai Jiming went to Baidu Company to negotiate.

But to Cai Jiming’s surprise, his request was rejected. At first, Professor Cai entrusted his agent to file a complaint with Baidu, asking to close this bar, but he didn’t get an answer. Later, he asked to be bar owners, but he was also rejected.

Professor Tsinghua: Baidu camp is a bad fortune.

Cai Jiming believes that Baidu, as the operator, has failed to fulfill its obligation to review the content of the website, indulged netizens in posting insults or slanders on the forum, and infringed on the legitimate rights of others, which constituted a violation of his right to reputation, portrait, name and privacy and a language threat.

In the case of fruitless negotiation, Cai Jiming took Baidu Company to court: he asked to delete the comments that violated his personal rights in the post bar and close Cai Jiming; Make an apology statement on the homepage of Baidu Post Bar and keep it for more than two years; Provide personal information of those who verbally abused and commented on Cai Jiming Bar, and claim 2 million yuan from mental damage compensation.

Cai Jiming said: "I pursue him for 2 million yuan. I just want him to learn a lesson, increase his infringement cost, and provide a case for the society and other victims. You should take up legal weapons and safeguard your dignity. I think when more and more people in the whole society can protect their rights and know how to protect their rights by law, the infringement will be reduced, and enterprises like Baidu will no longer be able to do whatever they want, and the cost of infringement will increase. "

The agent of Baidu said that in the Internet environment, it is necessary to strictly distinguish the behaviors of netizens and Internet service providers. The Baidu Post Cai Jiming Bar involved in the case belongs to bulletin board service (namely BBS service). The name and content of the post are posted by netizens, and the publisher should bear the responsibility according to the law. Baidu is only the operator of the post bar, not the publisher of the post involved. After discovering the content in the post bar that violates the regulations, they have deleted it in time and fully assumed the management responsibility, so they do not bear the tort liability.

As a result of the court hearing, Cai Jiming lost the case in the first instance, and Cai Jiming refused to accept the appeal.

Baidu lost the second trial and compensated Professor Tsinghua for 100,000 yuan.

Cai Jiming said: "There is no doubt that Baidu is not cursing the street, but it means that Baidu has provided a megaphone, a platform and a way to spread and expand quickly to the world. So who should bear this responsibility?"

Baidu also believes that citizens have the freedom and right to express their opinions on the post bar, and Professor Cai’s request to close the post bar involved has no legal basis. At the same time, I have already posted a reminder in the post bar, warning internet users not to use insulting language. Therefore, Baidu has fulfilled its management responsibility.

Cai Jiming said, "He said I had a warning, but it was useless to have a warning. We know that when we fly, the airline airport will warn you not to bring dangerous goods on the plane, but is it because of the warning that the security check will not be carried out? This is his extremely irresponsible business behavior. "

The Beijing No.1 Intermediate People’s Court held that Baidu Company’s delay in fulfilling its obligations of post-event management led to the expansion of the damage consequences of network users infringing on Cai Jiming, and should bear corresponding responsibilities. It is decided that Beijing Baidu Netcom Technology Co., Ltd. will compensate Cai Jiming for mental damages of RMB100,000 and notary fees of RMB5,080 within 15 days after this judgment comes into effect.

Cai Jiming said: "I didn’t fight this case for money. Even if I can’t win this case, even if I can’t get a penny of compensation, I will still make money in it, but I will prove to the whole world that Baidu is infringing, and it is blatant infringement. His profit is ill-gotten wealth."

Baidu: We can control bar owners of Post Bar.

Is the content of the post bar really freely published by netizens? Will Baidu manipulate the content of the post bar? On August 15th, as a brand promoter of a company, the reporter met Li Youjing, the manager of the key account department of Baidu Beijing Branch.

Li Youjing told reporters: "Every post bar in Baidu has bar owners, although bar owners is a netizen. But Baidu can control him. As long as bar owners is responsible, he will always be bar owners. In the case of Professor Cai, he thinks it is only a matter of communication.

However, Professor Cai Jiming has another analysis of Baidu’s delay in handling his complaint. "What is Baidu’s profit model? It is nothing more than this post bar. It increases the click rate. There is a lot of noise in the post bar, anecdotes and scandals of celebrities. You just speculate on it. You scold him and scold you. The more lively it is, the better. Then the click rate of this post bar will increase, and its click rate will increase. Then manufacturers will advertise on it, and the advertising expenses will increase. According to relevant sources, the advertising revenue of Baidu Post Bar alone last year.

Baidu: Pay the money and open the theme post bar, which is called Nugget business.

Post Bar, which claims to be a free expression of netizens, is actually a profitable tool for Baidu. How is Baidu Post Bar profitable? In a conversation with Li Youjing, the key account manager of Baidu Beijing Branch, the reporter learned that the number of clicks on Baidu Post Bar is indeed quite large. How good is it? According to the manager, relying on this kind of traffic, Baidu has developed a new product named "Baidu Nuggets", which specializes in advertising in Post Bar. How did this "Baidu Nuggets" get through the Nuggets Post Bar? Li Youjing said that Baidu has made several customers for the product of Nuggets. Like those customers of big brands, Baidu has already signed up. Most customers can’t afford this kind of high-consumption clicks. Nuggets cost at least 3,000 yuan a day.

Not only that, the account manager told reporters that Baidu Nugget is a service that Baidu provides to high-end customers, and it even has the lowest consumption.

"If you don’t spend 3,000 yuan, we won’t put you online or sign a contract for you, because the position of Nuggets is limited. If customers say they don’t want to spend 3,000 yuan a day, I will spend 500 yuan, and Baidu will refuse to cooperate with customers."

So what kind of service will Baidu provide to their so-called high-quality customers? If the product information promoted by these customers on the Post Bar is inaccurate, and some netizens in the Post Bar raise objections, will Baidu choose to delete such public comments that are harmful to advertisers, or will it choose to stop the false propaganda of advertisers? Li Jingji said, "As long as it doesn’t involve personal health or anything, it won’t cause illness or death, and this should be fine."

Baidu: If the bidder goes up, the bidder will go down.

In addition, Baidu’s so-called high-quality customers can freely choose the advertising location. Is there a clear distinction between the public natural interaction platform and the advertising location in the post bar?

Manager Li Youjing said: "On the surface, these are all web pages published by everyone at will. Just click on a topic, all of which are spontaneously published by netizens. In fact, it is not certain. Baidu will look at the relevance. If someone spends money on promotion, then he will give priority to those who spend money. But when a person does not do it, the ranking will not be empty, and it will automatically grab some links from the search database."

From these links on the right, we can’t see any words like promotion, but in fact, there is no boundary between the advertising information of baidu promotion customers and the natural search results displayed on the right side of the post bar.

Editor’s note: Baidu clearly has everything under control, but in order to earn the click-through rate, it ignores the content that infringes on citizens’ personal rights, which not only shows the lack of corporate integrity, but also the lack of business ethics. As the saying goes, a gentleman loves money well, what kind of money can be earned and what kind of money can’t be earned. As an enterprise operator, there should be a clear boundary. If an enterprise needs to rely on fraud and slander to make profits, it will be difficult for it to win the respect of the market and it will be difficult for it to stand firm in the market.

At present, Internet enterprises in China are still a new industry, and the relevant laws and regulations are still relatively backward. Therefore, although there are various industry self-regulatory alliances in the Internet industry, this industry is still full of extortion. The prerequisite for maintaining the ecology of this industry is to operate in good faith and abide by morality and conscience. We must not tolerate any enterprise that ignores business integrity and social morality, infringes on personal privacy, spreads false information, or even makes a profit. If any enterprise dares to do this, then we will fight it to the end.

　　Beijing Youth Daily reporter learned from the recently held 2020 China International Digital Interactive Entertainment Exhibition that in order to prevent teenagers from indulging in online games, China is accelerating the construction of online game real-name authentication system, which is initially planned to go online before September.

　　Accelerate the real-name authentication and organize enterprises to access in batches.

　　Feng Shixin, deputy director of Publicity Department of the Communist Party of China Publishing Bureau, said at the theme forum of the exhibition that in the first half of 2020, China’s online games showed a good trend of rising against the trend. However, the online game industry still has the potential to improve, and the industry calls for more excellent works with creativity, taste and temperature. In addition, some teenagers are addicted to online games, excessive consumption and other issues, which have long attracted widespread attention from all walks of life. Feng Shixin said that China is accelerating the construction of real-name authentication system at the national level, and it is initially planned to go online before September, when enterprises will be organized to access in batches.

　　On August 4, the reporter of Beiqing Daily asked a number of game companies whether they had received the test of the real-name authentication system, and the other party said that they had not received the test invitation yet. Xu Xiaoliang, a senior game planner, told the reporter of Beiqing Daily: "Game companies have always regarded youth anti-addiction and real-name authentication as the foundation of game brands, and constantly upgraded and optimized their own systems. If the national standard can be launched in September, we will support and participate in the test for the first time, so that the system can run smoothly and healthily. "

　　Pilot 16+ Anti-addiction System Deepening "Face Recognition"

　　The reporter of Beiqing Daily learned that in 2019, Tencent upgraded the anti-addiction system again to increase the age of game access. The upgraded anti-addiction system can be said to be the most rigorous anti-addiction system in Tencent’s history. In addition, Tencent also said that it will pilot the 16+ anti-addiction system in China first, and then popularize it nationwide. Tencent said that when the 16+ anti-addiction system is popularized throughout the country, many games will be able to really say goodbye to many primary school students — — Teenagers under the age of 16 will not be authorized to play the game and will not be able to enter the game.

　　According to reports, in May 2020, a total of 80 games under Tencent implemented the new anti-addiction access work, and explored the further application of "face recognition" technology. The number of users of Tencent’s growth guardian platform exceeded 30 million. Following the new anti-addiction regulations for 50 products including Peace Elite, Tencent has strictly implemented the real-name system of online game accounts and controlled the duration and consumption amount of minors’ games in 30 products including the glory of the king, Dragon Valley and Yunshang Feather before the end of May. According to these regulations, if the player wants to recharge after the natural month in the game exceeds that of 400 yuan through WeChat payment, the system will require the user to perform face recognition verification, and the subsequent payment behavior is only allowed if the "faces" are consistent. In this way, it will effectively avoid the occurrence of excessive entertainment consumption of minors. As for the privacy issues brought by face recognition technology, Tencent said that in the future, it will follow the guidance of relevant authorities, take a cautious attitude, and comprehensively consider the balance between user privacy, information security and minor identification needs, and gradually explore the security application of this cutting-edge technology.

　　The existing system is mostly a mere formality, which leads to parents’ dissatisfaction.

　　Insiders pointed out that although the relevant departments have repeatedly urged various game companies, video websites and live broadcast platforms to upgrade the "Youth Anti-Addiction System" for many times, it is still ineffective. Children have a set of cracking methods, and parents are not satisfied with the existing "Youth Anti-Addiction System".

　　The reporter of Beiqing Daily found that in terms of game platforms, many enterprises simplify the real-name authentication settings of the software itself on the premise of real-name authentication of third-party accounts, which makes it very easy for underage consumers to log in to the game through adult third-party accounts. Several games such as "Peace Elite" and "the glory of the king" can be registered through other accounts, such as WeChat, QQ, email and mobile phone number, or directly logged in by clicking authorization, and real-name authentication is a mere formality.

　　In terms of live broadcast platform, although many applications (APPs) have teenager mode, they can extend the use time of the software in teenager mode by entering a password. "One Live Broadcast" will automatically check "Alipay Small Secret Free Payment" when recharging payment, and it must be cancelled manually to change the automatic payment method.

　　The reporter of Beiqing Daily also found that many video websites set up a youth mode on the APP side, but there is no such function in the web version. At the same time, many game apps, live broadcast platforms and video websites can successfully avoid the youth mode after uninstalling. Some e-commerce platforms provide the service of renting game accounts, so that underage players can "rent and purchase" to bypass the real-name authentication step.

　　To truly put "adolescent addiction prevention" in place, we need to carry out "comprehensive management" from society, family, students and schools. Zhang Li, a senior designer of the game, bluntly said in an interview with the reporter of Beiqing Daily: "If various manufacturers still don’t realize the seriousness of the matter, the relevant state departments can introduce a third-party implant system so that all parties have no loopholes to drill."

　　Text/reporter Chloe Wang

　　Coordinator/Liu Jianghua