A hundred years’ experience of football in China 142

Chapter one hundred and forty-two: Robert in his hometown was kicked out by the Brazilian Football Association.

After the 2014 World Cup, the Brazilian Football Association office

"Your hometown Robert, you are fired. What’s the matter with you? Twelve years ago, you performed very well. This year, your performance is so disappointing that you have humiliated our Brazilian football."

"David Genk, how did I lose the face of Brazilian football? I admit that my performance this year is a little poor, but I also led the team to complete the goal of securing four titles."

"I haven’t lost face, and my face has been thrown into the Pacific Ocean by you. I was defeated by Germany 0: 7 and the Netherlands 0: 5. You told me that I didn’t lose face, and I was so angry with you, you know?"

"These two games were accidents. It won’t happen again in the future. Don’t worry, but then again, my contract has expired anyway. It doesn’t matter."

"It doesn’t matter, haha, it’s killing me."

"Chairman Genk, what are you laughing at?"

"I tell you, your coaching career is over, hometown."

"What do you mean, make it clear?"

"I don’t know on other continents, at least in Europe and America, you can’t be the head coach of any national team, including the club team, and your home has been closed, which means you have no place in Brazil."

"What, who gave you the power, you are just the president of the Football Association?"

"President Barkson, he said to let me punish you, but he kicked you out of Brazil so that you could not coach in any team in Europe, America or even the world. I think it is the best punishment for you, Robert."

"What you said is true? I don’t believe it. "

"No, you don’t. Well, I’ll put President Barkson on the phone with you now."

After that, the phone was connected, and Barkson’s voice came: "Robert, leave Brazil now, or the consequences will be unimaginable."

"President Barkson, is it true what President Genk said?"

"Yes, it’s true, and Genk has reported it to me, and I agree with his decision to punish you."

"President Barkson, I didn’t break the law. Why confiscate my property?"

"You are not breaking the law, but it is similar to breaking the law, which is equivalent to breaking the law. Think about it, Brazil is a football kingdom and hosts the World Cup at home. As a result, you led the team to lose 12 goals in the semi-finals and the third and fourth finals, and lost the face of our country. " After that, Buckson hung up the phone.

"Did you hear that? You know, fans are scratching everywhere in China now, and many people have died. Do you think it’s your responsibility?"

"Well, I’ll leave. I’ll go. You’re too hard. As a player, I won the World Cup for my country. You didn’t mention my merits. This time, I did. You did this to me. I’m not reconciled."

"It’s because of your past contributions that your merits and demerits are at the end, or you may have to go to jail according to President Barkson’s meaning, understand?"

Robert slammed the door angrily in his hometown. Later, he found many national teams and clubs that were turned away, and he ran into a wall everywhere. He had no choice but to take a good trip and relax himself, and his chosen destination was China, an ancient oriental country.

Walking on the street in Sioux City, China, Robert of his hometown was ecstatic and shouted, "What a beautiful city. No wonder people say that there is Suzhou and Hangzhou under heaven, so it is really unnecessary to spread his name."

Harvard experts recommend: the five best sports for the body.

To cultivate exercise habits, what kind of exercise do you think of first? Many people think of marathons, which are very popular in recent years, but I-Min Lee, a professor at Harvard Medical School, points out that long-distance running will cause a certain burden on the knee joint and digestive system, and long-term running may also lead to other problems.

Harvard Medical School once published a health report "Start Exercise", which recommended five kinds of exercises for people who want to exercise and hope to lose weight and gain muscle through exercise:

It is pointed out in the report that swimming is almost a perfect way to exercise, except for the ability toIn addition to exercising most muscles of the body, it can also improve the heart rate, benefit heart health and slow down brain aging.. In addition, the pressure on all joints of the body is very small when swimming, which is good for arthritis patients because the joints bear less weight.

Studies have shown that endorphin is a kind of hormone that can make people feel good and improve people’s mood, while swimming can effectively stimulate the secretion of endorphin and help people relieve the stress in daily life. At the same time, swimming can calm people down, eliminate external interference and become more focused, which naturally reduces people’s tension and depression.

Practicing Tai Ji Chuan requires high concentration and soft and slow movements, which can exercise the stability of the core muscles of the footwall; Standing on one foot and shifting the center of gravity can improve the balance ability; The semi-squatting posture can enhance the grip of leg muscles and soles.

Tai Ji Chuan is especially suitable for the elderly.. A study in the American New England Journal of Medicine pointed out that the elderly in Tai Ji Chuan who practice for one hour twice a week can reduce the risk of falling by 58% as long as they persist for half a year.

I-Min Lee said: Balance is an important guarantee for good health, but many people’s sense of balance deteriorates as they get older. Therefore, Tai Ji Chuan is particularly beneficial to the elderly.

Strength training is also called weight-bearing exercise and resistance exercise. People usually think that it is a physical exercise. In fact, it is harmful to the overall health, such asIncrease strength, improve mood and protect heart health.And so on have a very positive role and influence. Strength exercises include sit-ups, weightlifting, pull-ups and push-ups.

Chris Jordan, a sports physiologist, suggested that healthy adults should have regular resistance and strength training, and HIIT is a good choice.

HIIT sports include push-ups, squats, squats and other strength training, and every movement is using the specific muscle mass of the body. A person whose muscle tissue is not too outstanding will get a significant increase in muscle mass after a period of HIIT training. HIIT is most suitable for people who are young and have a certain sports history, and has high requirements for physical fitness. People who have experienced HIIT sports will feel out of breath and thirsty. Ordinary people should do what they can.

Walking may sound trivial, but it is a powerful "medicine". Many studies have shown that even walking at a moderate or leisurely speed for at least 30 minutes willGood for the brain and the body..

A study found that adults aged 60-88 walked for 30 minutes four times a week, and after 12 weeks, the connectivity of the brain region seemed to be enhanced, and the weakening of connectivity in this region was related to memory loss.

In addition, a preliminary study on patients with severe depression found that walking on a treadmill for 30 minutes for 10 consecutive days can effectively reduce the degree of depression. If you haven’t formed the habit of regular exercise at present, the medical team of Harvard University suggests that you can start by walking.

Many people think that only women need to do Kegel exercise, but in fact,Both men and women need to do this sport.. This exercise was put forward by American doctor arnold kegel in 1948. In daily work, Dr. Kaigl found that the problem of postpartum female urinary incontinence can be effectively alleviated by consciously contracting and relaxing the muscles near the urethra and anus. So the initial function of Kegel exercise is to treat postpartum female urinary incontinence.

Later, after gradual improvement, it has the current function:Prevent male and female urinary incontinence, female pelvic organ prolapse (uterus, vagina, bladder, rectum), treat male prostate problems, and improve the quality of sexual life..

The correct way of Kegel exercise includes tightening the micturition muscles (that is, holding the urine), keeping the contraction for 2 ~ 3 seconds, then releasing and repeating for 10 times. In order to get the best effect, it is recommended to do it 4 ~ 5 times a day.

Original article, please do not reprint without permission.

Author: Wuxiang | Editor: Da V

Article source: November 2020 issue of Medical and Food Reference magazine

How does Marxism understand "culture"

新时代以来,文化的作用愈发关键,文化的地位日益凸显,文化建设的任务也愈加光荣和迫切。全国宣传思想文化工作会议正式提出并系统阐述了习近平文化思想,在党的宣传思想文化事业发展史上具有里程碑意义。那么,马克思主义如何理解“文化”呢?

从文化生成看,文化具有历史性与阶级性。文化具有广义和狭义之分,广义的文化是人类创造的包括物质、精神等在内的一切文明成果,狭义的文化则特指精神文化。无论广义狭义,文化都与人息息相关,是人特有的存在方式,是人区别于动物的重要标志。那么,文化是如何形成的呢?马克思主义认为,文化作为上层建筑,最终由生产方式决定。马克思指出,“生产关系的总和构成社会的经济结构,即有法律的和政治的上层建筑竖立其上并有一定的社会意识形式与之相适应的现实基础。物质生活的生产方式制约着整个社会生活、政治生活和精神生活的过程”。而人类的生产方式会随着生产力的发展不断更迭,“手推磨产生的是封建主的社会,蒸汽磨产生的是工业资本家的社会”,生产方式的变革最终会引起人类文化的变迁,从而使文化具有历史性。另外,文化的形成需要经过长时间的积累,它是历史积淀下来的被群体所共同遵循或认可的共同的行为模式。

Culture also has class nature. Marx pointed out that "a class is the dominant material force in society, but also the dominant spiritual force in society", and "the dominant thought is only the conceptual expression of the dominant material relationship, but the dominant material relationship in the form of thought". Culture is produced by people, and people are not an abstract concept. They are always in a certain social relationship and behave as class people. Cultural forms such as legal and political thoughts, morality, literature and art, philosophy and religion created by people directly or indirectly reflect class interests, feelings and thoughts. Even though individuals can transcend class interests to some extent, even transcend time and space restrictions and create cultural works with lasting value, human culture, as a product of society, is always branded with class more or less. Lenin attached great importance to the class attribute of culture. In About Proletarian Culture, he proposed that proletarian culture and bourgeois culture are two different cultures. The proletariat cannot be separated from the foundation of traditional culture, including bourgeois culture, but it is by no means a simple inheritance and total acceptance. It needs to be transformed and innovated by Marxism, and the cultural principles of the proletariat must be implemented in it, so as to establish a real proletarian culture.

From the perspective of cultural form, culture has nationality and diversity. As a historically condensed and stable way of life, culture focuses on people’s values, attitudes towards life, behavior habits and psychological state. At first, human culture was formed by ethnic groups. Because of the different natural environments such as geography, resources and climate, there are obvious differences in people’s attitudes and lifestyles. On this basis, all ethnic groups form their own culture with their own styles and characteristics. When Mao Zedong explained the culture of new democracy in On New Democracy, he pointed out: "It belongs to our nation and has the characteristics of our nation", and "China culture should have its own form, which is the national form". Culture contains different ideological wisdom, value pursuit and aesthetic taste of all ethnic groups, which has become a unique symbol that distinguishes one nation from another.

With the change from history to world history, exchanges and mutual learning between different cultures have become increasingly frequent, and the cosmopolitan characteristics of culture have become more and more distinct. As Marx said in the communist party Declaration, "As a result of opening up the world market, the production and consumption of all countries have become cosmopolitan … The same is true for material production and spiritual production. The spiritual products of all ethnic groups have become public property. One-sidedness and limitations of the nation are becoming increasingly impossible, so many kinds of national and local literature have formed a kind of world literature. " However, the cosmopolitanism of culture does not mean that the whole human being forms a uniform culture, nor does it dispel the nationality, but the unity of diversity based on the nationality. The more national a culture is, the more cosmopolitan it is.

From the perspective of cultural function, culture has independence and reaction. On the one hand, Marx insisted on the materialistic view that "social existence determines social consciousness", on the other hand, he also saw the relative independence of culture and its reaction to the economic base. Marx pointed out in "The 18th Fog Moon in louis bonaparte" that "people create their own history, but they don’t create it at will, not under the conditions of their own choice, but under the conditions of direct encounter, established and inherited from the past. The traditions of all the dead ancestors haunt the minds of the living like nightmares, and cultural traditions are one of the important influencing factors. As a long-term accumulation of history, culture is extremely stable once it is formed. This stability is reflected in people’s beliefs, value pursuits, moral concepts, etc., and they will not change easily with the changes of external environment; As far as groups are concerned, a certain cultural pattern will dominate the development of a nation for hundreds or even thousands of years. Even if dynasties change and times change, the way of thinking and behavior habits formed in a certain cultural pattern will still play a lasting role.

As a superstructure, culture also has a dynamic reaction. Advanced, revolutionary and scientific culture plays a positive role in promoting social development, while backward, reactionary and unscientific culture hinders social development. Marx pointed out in the Economic Manuscripts of 1857-1858 that "the disintegration of a certain ideological form is enough to make the whole era fall", and Engels also wrote in his letter to Joseph Bloch that "the economic situation is the foundation, but it has an impact on the process of historical struggle and in many cases mainly determines the form of this struggle, as well as various factors of the superstructure". In today’s world, culture, as a soft power, plays an increasingly important role in the competition of comprehensive national strength, while cultural self-confidence is a "more basic, deeper and more lasting force". This is the concentrated expression of cultural reaction.

The cultural concept of Marxism is rich in connotation and profound in meaning. Only by deeply understanding Marxist cultural concept can we scientifically grasp the characteristics and laws of cultural development, which will help us to do a good job in combining the basic principles of Marxism with Chinese excellent traditional culture and truly undertake the new cultural mission in the new era.

What is the difference between a woman who has lost her uterus and a normal woman? 4 changes, which may not be changed.

Xiaoying has often been troubled by dysmenorrhea since she was in college, but because all her female friends around her also have dysmenorrhea problems, Xiaoying didn’t care too much.

After marriage, Xiaoying felt that the symptoms of dysmenorrhea were still not relieved, especially when she was in the same room.

Although both husband and wife are trying to get pregnant, Xiaoying’s stomach has not moved for many years. Under the repeated urging of her mother-in-law, Xiaoying has no choice but to go to the hospital for examination.

Results The doctor found that her uterus was as big as a ball, and it was initially suspected that it might be a hysteromyoma.The doctor also told Xiaoying that uterine fibroids can easily lead to infertility.

Xiaoying looked up a lot of information on the Internet, and the related search words of hysteromyoma were "easy to relapse" and "incurable" … Xiaoying began to panic, and she couldn’t get pregnant in the future? Will the husband divorce himself because of this? Xiaoying couldn’t sleep well for this.

Speaking of uterine fibroids, everyone will certainly not feel strange. What is its incidence?

In the "China Expert Consensus on Diagnosis and Treatment of Uterine Myoma", it is pointed out that the probability of women of childbearing age suffering from uterine fibroids has reached 25%, and from the relevant autopsy data,More than 50% of women had uterine fibroids before their death..

Hysteromyoma is the most common benign tumor disease among women. Hysteromyoma is like a small stone growing on the endometrial wall, which not only makes the smooth uterine wall lose its contractile function and elasticity, but also easily affects women’s menstruation.

The exact cause of uterine fibroids is still unclear, but one thing is certain.Uterine leiomyoma is a hormone-dependent disease.

In particular, women with unbalanced estrogen and progesterone levels are more prone to uterine fibroids. If there are few symptoms of uterine fibroids in adolescence, there will be few new uterine fibroids after menopause.

If women are in childbearing age, hysteromyoma is a high-risk disease. At present, clinical medicine believes that this may be because during childbearing age,Estrogen and progesterone in women stimulate the proliferation and hypertrophy of hysteromyoma cells for a long time..

In addition, ovarian tumors, premature menarche and other diseases may also lead to abnormal estrogen and progesterone in women and promote the occurrence of uterine fibroids.

At the same time, if women are stressed for a long time,And have bad habits such as sedentary, staying up late, and eating irregularly., may affect the stability of female endocrine, thus causing uterine fibroids.

Although hysteromyoma is very common, if it happens, it is easy to cause certain harm to women.

For example, uterine fibroids constantly oppress the uterus, which can lead to irregular menstruation; The location where uterine fibroids grow is also easy to cause discomfort such as backache and lower abdomen swelling; In particular, uterine fibroids that grow into the uterus may even squeeze the fallopian tubes, resulting in infertility or abortion.

Some women find that there are uterine fibroids in routine physical examination, and they also have a kind of worry: if they have uterine fibroids, should they cut off the uterus?

In fact, in most cases, uterine fibroids are benign diseases, and only a few of them will become malignant.The data showed that the malignant rate of hysteromyoma was 0.4% to 0.8%..

If some women have no obvious symptoms after developing uterine fibroids, they can consider observation and regular review.

There are also women who enter perimenopausal period, because of the decline of ovarian function, the level of estrogen in the body will plummet.This will lead to the growth rate of some large uterine fibroids slowing down or stopping.Some small uterine fibroids may even disappear.

However, if there are any of the following situations, you should pay attention to it and consult a doctor as soon as possible:

  • When hysteromyoma occurs and infertility symptoms occur;
  • Without hormone replacement therapy after menopause, uterine fibroids are still growing;
  • Uterine fibroids cause menorrhagia or abnormal bleeding, or even anemia in women, or uterine fibroids oppress the digestive, urinary and nervous systems and cause a series of symptoms, and drug treatment is ineffective;
  • When women with uterine fibroids are preparing for pregnancy, when the diameter of uterine fibroids exceeds 4cm.

Therefore, women should pay more attention to their physical condition in peacetime, if it appears.Abnormal menstruation, abdominal pain, increased leucorrhea, infertility, hypoglycemia, secondary anemia.When waiting for symptoms, we should be vigilant and do relevant examinations as soon as possible to investigate the cause.

Although there are many benign uterine fibroids, if there are some uterine fibroids with high malignant degree, patients may still have to face the result of hysterectomy. What will happen to women if they lose their uterus?

1. Early menopause

After the uterus is removed, the endocrine system of women will inevitably be affected, which will also lead to the early menopause.

2. Menstruation stops

The generation of menstruation is related to the periodic hyperplasia and congestion of endometrium. If a woman has her uterus removed, this monthly physiological period will disappear and menstruation will naturally stop.

3. Infertility

The uterus is an important organ for women’s life, and hysterectomy also means that women cannot have children.

4. Loss of libido

It is still the problem that hysterectomy will lead to the decrease of estrogen. The decrease of estrogen in women is easy to reduce vaginal secretions or cause vaginal atrophy, which in turn reduces women’s sexual desire.

Of course, in addition to these physical changes, women will also face tremendous psychological pressure after hysterectomy-without the uterus, won’t they become "men"? Can I still share a room? If not, will the lover abandon himself?

In fact, all the characteristics of women are related to estrogen.The organs that women produce estrogen are mainly ovarian portal and adrenal gland.It has nothing to do with the uterus and will not become a man just because the uterus is removed.

As for the problem of sharing a room, there is no need to worry too much, because the treatment of female sexual life is mainly influenced by factors such as mental state and age.

Even if the uterus is removed, as long as women adjust their mentality, both husband and wife can communicate well and consult a psychologist when necessary, and they can have a husband and wife life that is satisfactory to both sides.

Finally, Xiao Jiu would like to remind you that hysterectomy for health does not mean that you are not perfect.

Because beauty never looks at what you have, every woman is a beautiful and independent individual. And hysterectomy will not accelerate aging or affect sexual life. You should know how to adjust your mood and mentality and believe in science.

References:

[1] Uterine fibroids "prefer" the same kind of women, and most of them have this feature. Life Times .2021-12-06

[2] "Why does a good uterus grow fibroids? All the questions you care about most are here! Tencent Medical Code. 2022-03-17

[3] "Women’s Health Care | The doctor tells you that hysterectomy is not so terrible! Guangzhou Women and Children Center. 2020-07-17

Reprinting is prohibited without the permission and authorization of the author.

Random talk about football

Some people may be surprised that what is the charm of football? It can be popular with so many people, regardless of race and social status. There is a shady venue, 22 people grabbing the ball and shooting under the supervision of the referee, and occasionally taking risks to send some balls to their own goals … In fact, for non-football professionals, the fantastic terms of skills and tactics are too empty. It must be admitted that the long game time of more than 90 minutes.

I think fans should be divided into several categories:

(1) professional fans. They are either professionals in the field of football or take the study of football as a profession. The biggest feature of these people is to start with the details and understand the truth inside the industry.

(2) Amateur fans. They just watch and talk about the ball as a hobby, and they have their own jobs in their daily lives. They may play a few wild games with three or two friends during the holidays, which is very informal. But they did enrich the population of football.

(3) fans who only watch the ball. As the name implies, people who never play football or rarely play football, who are skilled or unskilled in various professional terms in the field of football, and who like to play football games instead of actual football experience, are in a sense hidden football population.

(4) fake fans. On weekdays, they don’t pay attention to football news at all. They like to follow the tide of public opinion and firmly grasp the most critical core information. They have a keen eye and insight into the basic quality of human nature, and they can pretend to be top experts in the industry most of the time.

Four kinds of fans are four kinds of people’s attitudes towards football, so I want to extend this topic: On the first day of last year, the national football team was defeated by the Vietnamese team in the top 12 competition with a score of one to three.

The national football team lost to Vietnam 1-3 on the first day of the New Year’s Day.

An embarrassing result. Losing to such powerful teams as Japan and Saudi Arabia can only be said to be reasonable and lacking. However, the Vietnamese team had suffered a seven-game losing streak before meeting the national football team in the second round. People gave it the nickname 007. Is it unreasonable to be defeated by such a team? I don’t think the strength of the national football team will degenerate to be crushed by the Vietnamese team. I mean, the off-site factors account for a greater proportion of this loss, and a series of performances on the field are only results rather than reasons.

Is it really that important for a team with such a level of national football not to enter the World Cup? I don’t think it matters. For three reasons:

(1) Chinese people are not keen on football. Does anyone around you often play football? Will you support your children to play football instead of taking the entrance examination? Where does your child want to find a coach to play football? Is there enough football field near your home? It seems that there are many fans in China who care about the development of football. In fact, most of them are fake fans and fans who only watch football. There are not many fans who are really keen on football. So the level of the national team will not be much higher. With such a mass base, what kind of good seeds do you expect its national team to have?

(2) Lack of respect for the rules of football and sportsmanship. As we all know, in order to achieve the goal of marching into FIFA World Cup Qatar 2022 in 2022, the Chinese Football Association of zhong spared no expense in planning a group of foreign players. Trying to use the planning players to drive the overall strength of the whole team, but on the other hand ignoring the development of basic youth training, the domestic league stopped. Reality slapped them hard, and the national football team defeated Vietnam in advance. It is unwise to get quick success and instant benefit. The foundation is not firmly built, and everything else is just castles in the air.

One of the important reasons why Chinese people are not suitable for playing football is that they are not United enough.

(3) Chinese people’s thinking and physical conditions are not suitable for football. Chinese people pay attention to being unprofitable and can’t afford to get up early, but football happens to be a team sport, which needs cooperation to play the best effect, and being willing to be a green leaf means losing money, which is obviously not in the interest of individuals. In fact, we may find that China’s good sports, such as table tennis, badminton, gymnastics and diving, are often played by one or two people, and it is rare for more than three people to work together. Have you ever seen six people playing table tennis on a case in a formal competition? Even in table tennis, players may feel that another person is in the way. No way, this is a kind of thinking concept, and it is difficult for Chinese people to play team projects well. Then someone will ask why women’s volleyball and women’s football are better than men’s volleyball and men’s football. In fact, I don’t understand this either. Maybe it’s the difference between men’s and women’s thinking. It’s really strange that our female compatriots are more United than their male compatriots. As for the physical condition of Chinese people, it is enough to compare Koreans instead of whites and blacks.

To sum up, football is not the best choice for Chinese people, so it is not particularly strange to lose to a national team like Vietnam, which attaches importance to following the rules of football. But I saw the chilling side after this game. Wu Xi, the captain of the national football team, inadvertently dodged the ball and was associated with abalone advertisements. For more than ten years, he worked hard for the national team and set an example for players on and off the court. Because he was guided by public opinion, he was nailed to their so-called shame column, which was not only absurd, but also evil.

Let’s put ourselves in the shoes. Perhaps these players have a sacred love for football since childhood, or they have chosen to enter the field of professional football with the dream of making a fortune, and have a young meal. (Many people complain that football players have high salaries and low ability, but who will notice their life after retirement? Football is a young meal. If you don’t earn enough money when you are young, will you continue to play football to support your family when you are old? ) Crush competitors, step by step to the top of the pyramid of top clubs, and become a leader in the domestic field. Then, if you lose to a stronger opponent in international competitions, you will be scolded as having no fighting spirit. Are they really not spelling? Lei Wu got a leg cramp in the match against the Australian team. How many people really care?

The national football team in the top 12 relied on Lei Wu’s penalty to draw the Australian team.

Luo Guofu, the planning player with the lowest score in the audience, was boasted as a national hero by public opinion because he flew to block a cross ball. Is it absurd? Luo Guofu’s nickname is Yue Fei, and Li Tie’s nickname is Qin Gui … It’s a slippery record. Such a public opinion environment is really invisible. After that, foreign players in poor condition appeared in the team, so there was no starting position. I work hard in the team, but it is better for foreigners who have not come to the joint training for several months to have a high status. Whose mind will be balanced, and the players who plan on the court are in poor condition, shouldn’t local players follow suit? Anyway, there has been an unfair phenomenon. Let’s just lose to the Vietnamese team, and no one can think about it … Sadly, China Football.

We shouldn’t expect any good news from China football in a short time, because it is totally divorced from reality. In fact, the greatest charm of football is not the skills and tactics on the court, but the fighting spirit of people and the complicated world outside the court. Football is a sport, more like a war. In the final analysis, it is a complete summary of human struggle, including tactics, art, strategy, strategy, diplomacy, humanities, geography, chemistry, socialization and humanity. It is the biggest insult to football if you only pay attention to the goals on the court and don’t care about the culture and beliefs inside and outside the court.